Kusiyana kwagalimoto. Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito

Kusiyanitsa ndi njira yomwe imatumiza torque kuchokera ku gwero limodzi kupita kwa ogula awiri. Chofunikira chake ndikutha kugawanso mphamvu ndikupereka liwiro losiyanasiyana la ogula. Pankhani yagalimoto yamsewu, izi zikutanthauza kuti mawilo amatha kulandira mphamvu zosiyanasiyana ndikuzungulira pa liwiro losiyanasiyana kudzera pakusiyanitsa.

Kusiyanitsa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakutumiza kwagalimoto. Tiyeni tiyese kupeza chifukwa chake.

Chifukwa chiyani simungathe kuchita popanda kusiyanitsa

Kunena zoona, mukhoza kuchita popanda kusiyana. Koma bola ngati galimotoyo ikuyenda m’njira yopanda chilema, popanda kutembenukira kulikonse, ndipo matayala ake amakhala ofanana komanso akuwomberedwa mofanana. M’mawu ena, malinga ngati mawilo onse akuyenda mtunda wofanana ndi kuzungulira pa liwiro lofanana.

Koma galimoto ikalowa m’njira ina, mawilo amayenera kuyenda mtunda wina. Mwachionekere, mkhotolo wakunja ndi wautali kuposa wokhota wamkati, motero magudumu omwe ali pamenepo amayenera kutembenuka mwachangu kuposa mawilo amkati mwake. Pamene ekseli sikutsogolera, ndipo mawilo sadalira wina ndi mzake, ndiye palibe vuto.

Chinthu china ndi mlatho wotsogolera. Kuti aziwongolera bwino, kuzungulira kumafalikira ku mawilo onse awiri. Ndi kulumikizana kwawo kolimba, amatha kukhala ndi liwiro lofanana lamakona ndipo amakonda kuyenda mtunda womwewo motsatana. Kutembenuka kungakhale kovuta ndipo kungayambitse kutsetsereka, kuwonjezereka kwa matayala ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu pa . Mbali ina ya mphamvu ya injiniyo imatha kuterera, kutanthauza kuti mafuta angawonongeke. Zina zofananira, ngakhale sizowoneka bwino, zimachitika nthawi zina - poyendetsa m'misewu yoyipa, zonyamula magudumu osagwirizana, kupanikizika kwa matayala, mavalidwe osiyanasiyana a matayala.

Apa ndi pamene zimabwera kudzapulumutsa. Imatumiza kuzungulira ku ma axle shafts onse, koma chiŵerengero cha kuthamanga kwa angular kwa magudumu amatha kukhala osasunthika ndikusintha mofulumira kutengera momwe zinthu zilili popanda dalaivala kulowererapo.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zofananira komanso za asymmetrical. Zida zofananira zimatumiza torque yomweyo kuzitsulo zonse zoyendetsedwa, mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida za asymmetric, ma torque omwe amaperekedwa ndi osiyana.

Pogwira ntchito, zosiyanitsa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma gudumu apakati ndi ma axle. Interwheel imatumiza torque ku mawilo a axle imodzi. M'galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo, ili mu gearbox, mu galimoto yoyendetsa kumbuyo, kumbuyo kwa nyumba.

M'galimoto yoyendetsa magudumu onse, makinawo amakhala mu ma crankcases a ma axles onse. Ngati ma gudumu onse ndi okhazikika, kusiyana kwapakati kumayikidwanso mu nkhani yosinthira. Imasinthasintha kuchokera ku gearbox kupita ku ma axle onse oyendetsa.

Kusiyana kwa axle kumakhala kofanana nthawi zonse, koma kusiyana kwa chitsulo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofanana, kuchuluka kwa torque pakati pa ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo ndi 40/60, ngakhale kungakhale kosiyana. 

Kuthekera ndi njira yotsekera kumatsimikizira gulu lina la masiyanidwe:

• zaulere (popanda kutsekereza);

• ndi loko yamanja;

• ndi auto-lock.

Kuletsa kumatha kukhala kwathunthu kapena pang'ono.

Momwe kusiyana kumagwirira ntchito komanso chifukwa chake kuliletsa

M'malo mwake, kusiyanitsa ndi njira yamtundu wa mapulaneti. Pakusiyanitsa kosavuta kwa ma symmetrical cross-axle, pali magiya anayi a bevel - ma semi-axial (1) kuphatikiza ma satellite awiri (4). Dera limagwira ntchito ndi satelayiti imodzi, koma yachiwiri imawonjezedwa kuti chipangizocho chikhale champhamvu kwambiri. M'magalimoto ndi ma SUV, ma satelayiti awiri amayikidwa.

Chikho (thupi) (5) chimakhala ngati chonyamulira ma satellite. Kagiya wamkulu (2) amakhazikikamo mokhazikika. Imalandila torque kuchokera ku gearbox kudzera pa giya yomaliza (3).

Pamsewu wowongoka, mawilo, motero mawilo awo, amazungulira pa liwiro lomwelo. Ma satellites amazungulira mozungulira ma axles, koma osazungulira nkhwangwa zawo. Chifukwa chake, amatembenuza magiya am'mbali, kuwapatsa liwiro lofanana lamakona.

Pakona, gudumu lamkati (laling'ono) limakhala ndi kukana kwambiri ndipo limachepetsa. Popeza zida zam'mbali zofananira zimayambanso kuzungulira pang'onopang'ono, zimapangitsa kuti ma satelayiti azizungulira. Kuzungulira kwawo mozungulira ma axis awo kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kusintha kwa magiya pa shaft ya gudumu lakunja.  

Mkhalidwe wofananawo ukhoza kuchitika ngati matayala sagwira mokwanira pamsewu. Mwachitsanzo, gudumu limagunda madzi oundana ndikuyamba kutsetsereka. Kusiyanitsa wamba kwaulere kumasamutsa kasinthasintha kupita komwe kulibe kukana. Zotsatira zake, gudumu loterera limazungulira mwachangu, pomwe lina limatha kuyima. Zotsatira zake, galimotoyo sidzatha kupitiriza kuyenda. Komanso, chithunzicho sichingasinthe kwenikweni pamayendedwe onse, chifukwa kusiyana kwapakati kudzasamutsanso mphamvu zonse komwe kumakumana ndi kukana pang'ono, ndiko kuti, ku exle yokhala ndi gudumu loterera. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale galimoto yoyendetsa mawilo anayi imatha kumamatira ngati gudumu limodzi lokha litaterereka.

Izi zimasokoneza kwambiri patency ya galimoto iliyonse ndipo ndizosavomerezeka kwa magalimoto apamsewu. Mutha kukonza vutoli poletsa kusiyana.

Mitundu ya maloko

Kutsekereza kwathunthu

Mutha kukwaniritsa kutsekereza kwathunthu kwapamanja pojambulitsa ma satelayiti kuti awalepheretse kuyendayenda mozungulira ma axis awo. Njira ina ndikulowetsa kapu yosiyanitsa kuti igwirizane molimba ndi shaft ya axle. Mawilo onsewa adzazungulira pa liwiro lomwelo la ngodya.

Kuti mutsegule mawonekedwe awa, muyenera kungodina batani lomwe lili pa dashboard. Chigawo choyendetsa chikhoza kukhala makina, hydraulic, pneumatic kapena magetsi. Chiwembu ichi ndi choyenera kwa ma interwheels ndi pakati. Mutha kuyiyatsa galimoto itayima, ndipo muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito pa liwiro lotsika poyenda m'malo ovuta. Mukachoka pamsewu wabwinobwino, loko iyenera kuzimitsidwa, apo ayi kugwirirako kudzakhala koipitsitsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kwamtunduwu kumatha kuwononga tsinde la axle kapena mbali zina zofananira.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi zosiyana zodzitsekera. Iwo safuna dalaivala alowererepo ndi ntchito basi pakufunika kutero. Popeza kutsekereza kwa zida zotere sikukwanira, kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa ma axle shafts ndi otsika.

Disk (kukangana) loko

Uwu ndiye mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wosiyana wodzitsekera. Makinawa amaphatikizidwa ndi seti ya friction discs. Amalumikizana mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake ndipo kudzera m'modzi amakhazikika mokhazikika pamiyendo ya ekisilo ndi m'chikho.

Mapangidwe onse amazungulira lonse mpaka kuthamanga kwa magudumu kumakhala kosiyana. Ndiye kukangana kumawonekera pakati pa ma disks, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa kusiyana kwa liwiro.

Lumikiza zolimba

Kulumikizana kwa viscous (viscous coupling) kuli ndi mfundo yofanana yogwirira ntchito. Pokhapokha ma disc omwe ali ndi ma perforations omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo amaikidwa mu bokosi losindikizidwa, malo onse aulere omwe amadzazidwa ndi madzi a silicone. Kusiyanitsa kwake ndiko kusintha kwa viscosity panthawi yosakaniza. Pamene ma diski amazungulira pa liwiro losiyana, madziwo amagwedezeka, ndipo chiwopsezo champhamvu kwambiri, madziwo amakhala owoneka bwino, amafika pafupifupi olimba. Pamene liwiro lozungulira likuyenda, kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi kumatsika kwambiri ndipo kusiyana kumatsegula.  

Kulumikizana kwa viscous kumakhala ndi miyeso yayikulu, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ngati chowonjezera pa kusiyana kwapakati, ndipo nthawi zina m'malo mwake, pakuchita ngati kusiyana kwachinyengo.

Kulumikizana kwa viscous kuli ndi zovuta zingapo zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake. Izi ndi inertia, kutentha kwakukulu komanso kusagwirizana bwino ndi ABS.

Thorsen

Dzinali limachokera ku Torque Sensing, ndiko kuti, "kuzindikira torque". Imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazosiyana kwambiri zodzitsekera. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito zida za nyongolotsi. Mapangidwewo alinso ndi zinthu zokangana zomwe zimatumizanso torque ikatsika.

Pali mitundu itatu ya makina awa. Pansi pamayendedwe wamba, mitundu ya T-1 ndi T-2 imagwira ntchito ngati ma symmetrical mitundu.

Pamene imodzi mwa mawilo ataya mphamvu, T-1 amatha kugawanso torque pa chiŵerengero cha 2,5 mpaka 1 mpaka 6 mpaka 1 ndi zina zambiri. Ndiye kuti, gudumu lomwe lili ndi chogwira bwino kwambiri lidzalandira makokedwe ochulukirapo kuposa gudumu lotsetsereka, mugawo lodziwika. M'mitundu ya T-2, chiwerengerochi ndi chotsika - kuchokera 1,2 mpaka 1 mpaka 3 mpaka 1, koma pali kuchepa pang'ono, kugwedezeka ndi phokoso.

Torsen T-3 idapangidwa koyambirira ngati kusiyana kwa asymmetric ndi kutsekereza kwa 20 ... 30%.

QUAIFE

Kusiyana kwa Quife kumatchedwa kutengera injiniya wachingelezi yemwe adapanga chipangizochi. Mwa mapangidwe, ndi amtundu wa mphutsi, monga Thorsen. Zimasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma satelayiti ndi kuyika kwawo. Quaife ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa okonda kukonza magalimoto.