Kuyang'ana kupsinjika kwa ma silinda a injini

Ma injini amakono amagalimoto ndi odalirika kwambiri ndipo m'manja osamala amatha kugwira ntchito makilomita oposa zikwi zana popanda kukonzanso kwakukulu. Koma posapita nthawi, ntchito ya unit mphamvu akusiya kukhala opanda cholakwa, pali mavuto ndi chiyambi, madontho amphamvu, ndi mafuta ndi lubricant kuchuluka. Kodi ndi nthawi yokonzanso? Kapena mwina si serious? Ndi nthawi kuyeza psinjika mu masilinda a injini. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muwone thanzi la injini yanu popanda kuichotsa, komanso kudziwa zilonda zomwe zingachitike. Ndiyeno, mwinamwake, zidzakhala zotheka kuchita popanda kukonzanso kwakukulu, kudziletsa yokha ku decarbonizing kapena m'malo mwa magawo amodzi.

Zomwe zimatchedwa compression

Kuponderezana ndiko kukakamiza kwakukulu mu silinda panthawi yosuntha pisitoni kupita ku TDC pa kupsinjika kwa stroke. Kuyeza kwake kumapangidwa poyimitsa injini ndi choyambira.

Nthawi yomweyo, tikuwona kuti kuponderezana sikufanana konse ndi kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana. Awa ndi malingaliro osiyana kotheratu. Chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndi chiŵerengero cha voliyumu yonse ya silinda imodzi ku voliyumu ya chipinda choyaka moto, ndiko kuti, gawo la silinda lomwe limakhala pamwamba pa pisitoni likafika ku TDC. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za zomwe compression ratio ili.

Popeza kupanikizika ndi kupanikizika, mtengo wake umayesedwa m'magulu oyenerera. Zimango zamagalimoto nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi monga technical atmosphere (at), bar, ndi megapascal (MPa). Chiŵerengero chawo ndi:

1 pa = 0,98 bar;

1 bar = 0,1 MPa

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zomwe ziyenera kukhala kupanikizika kwabwino mu injini yagalimoto yanu, yang'anani muzolemba zaukadaulo. Mtengo wake woyerekeza wa manambala ukhoza kupezeka pochulukitsa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndi 1,2 ... 1,3. Ndiko kuti, kwa mayunitsi okhala ndi chiŵerengero cha 10 ndi kupitirira, kuponderezedwa kuyenera kukhala 12 ... 14 bar (1,2 ... 1,4 MPa), ndi injini yokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha 8 ... 9 - pafupifupi 10. ... 11 bar.

Kwa injini za dizilo, coefficient ya 1,7 ... 2,0 iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mtengo wopondereza ukhoza kukhala pakati pa 30 ... 35 bar kwa mayunitsi akale mpaka 40 ... 45 bar zamakono.

Momwe mungayesere

Eni magalimoto okhala ndi injini yamafuta amathanso kuyeza kupsinjika pawokha. Miyezo imatengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chotchedwa compression gauge. Ndi manometer yokhala ndi nsonga yapadera ndi valavu yowunikira yomwe imakulolani kuti mulembe kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwake.

Nsonga imatha kukhala yolimba kapena kukhala ndi payipi yowonjezera yosinthika yopangidwira kuthamanga kwambiri. Malangizo ali amitundu iwiri - ulusi ndi clamping. Wopangidwa ndi ulusi amakulungidwa m'malo mwa kandulo ndipo amakulolani kuchita popanda wothandizira muyeso. Labala poyezera uyenera kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu pa dzenje la makandulo. Mmodzi kapena onse a iwo akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi compression gauge. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa ngati mwaganiza zogula chipangizo choterocho.

Njira yosavuta yopondereza imatha kugulidwa pamtengo wotsika mtengo kwambiri. Zipangizo zotsika mtengo zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zili ndi ma adapter ambiri omwe amalola miyeso mu mota iliyonse ya wopanga aliyense.

Ma Compressographs ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, omwe amalola osati kungoyesa miyeso, komanso kulemba zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa kuti zifufuzenso za gulu la cylinder-piston (CPG) ndi chikhalidwe cha kusintha kwamphamvu. Zida zoterezi zimapangidwira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi akatswiri.

Komanso, pali zipangizo zamagetsi zovuta injini diagnostics - otchedwa galimoto testers. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwunika mosadukiza kupsinjika pojambulitsa zosintha zaposachedwa pakugwedezeka kwa injini.

Pomaliza, mutha kuchita popanda zida zoyezera ndikuyerekeza kukakamiza pamanja poyerekezera mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuti mugwetse crankshaft.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito m'mayunitsi a dizilo, mufunika choyezera chowongolera chomwe chimapangidwira kuthamanga kwambiri, chifukwa kupsinjika kwawo ndikwambiri kuposa kwamafuta. Zida zoterezi ndizogulitsa malonda, komabe, kuti muyese, muyenera kuchotsa mapulagi owala kapena ma nozzles. Izi sizikhala zosavuta nthawi zonse zomwe zimafuna zida zapadera ndi luso. Mwina ndizosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo kwa eni dizilo kusiya miyeso kwa akatswiri othandizira.

Kutanthauzira kwapamanja (pafupifupi) kwa kukakamiza

Muyenera kuchotsa gudumu ndikuchotsa makandulo onse, ndikusiya silinda yoyamba yokha. Ndiye muyenera kutembenuza pamanja crankshaft mpaka kumapeto kwa psinjika sitiroko mu 1 yamphamvu, pamene pisitoni yake ili pa TDC.

Chitaninso chimodzimodzi ndi masilindala ena onse. Nthawi iliyonse, spark plug yokha ya silinda yomwe ikuyesedwa iyenera kulowetsedwamo. Ngati nthawi zina mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuti zitembenuzike zikhale zocheperako, ndiye kuti silinda iyi imakhala yovuta, chifukwa kupsinjika komweko kumakhala kotsika kuposa ena.

N'zoonekeratu kuti njira yotereyi ndi yokhazikika ndipo simuyenera kudalira pa izo kwathunthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito compression tester kumapereka zotsatira zochulukirapo ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, kumachepetsa gulu la okayikira.

Kukonzekera kuyeza

Onetsetsani kuti batire ili bwino komanso yokwanira. Batire yakufa imatha kuchepetsa kupsinjika ndi 1 ... 2 bar.

Sefa yotsekeka ya mpweya imathanso kukhudza zotsatira za kuyeza, choncho yang'anani ndikusintha ngati kuli kofunikira.

Galimoto iyenera kutenthedwa isanafike pamayendedwe opangira.

Zimitsani mafuta opangira ma cylinders mwanjira iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, chotsani mphamvu kuchokera ku majekeseni, zimitsani pampu yamafuta pochotsa ma fuse oyenerera kapena ma relay. Pa makina opangira mafuta, chotsani ndikulumikiza chitoliro chomwe mafuta amalowamo.

Chotsani makandulo onse. Ena amachotsa chimodzi chokha, koma zotsatira zake ndi muyeso wotere sizikhala zolondola.

Buku kufala lever ayenera kukhala m'malo ndale, ngati kufala basi ndi P (Parking) udindo. Mangani chiboliboli chamanja.

Pa silinda iliyonse, ndikofunika kuti muyese miyeso yonse ndi damper yotseguka (yokhala ndi mpweya wodetsedwa kwambiri) ndi kutsekedwa (chopondapo sichimakanizidwa). Miyezo yonse yomwe imapezeka m'magawo onse awiri, komanso kufananiza kwawo, imathandizira kuzindikira kulephera kwake.

Compressometer ntchito

Mangani nsonga ya chipangizo choyezera pabowo la spark plug la silinda yoyamba.

Kuti muyeze ndi chotsitsa chotsegula, muyenera kutembenuza crankshaft ndi choyambira kwa 3 ... 4 masekondi, kukanikiza gasi njira yonse. Ngati chipangizo chanu chili ndi nsonga yolumikizira, ndiye kuti wothandizira ndi wofunikira.

Yang'anani ndikulemba zowerengera zojambulidwa ndi chipangizocho.

Tulutsani mpweya ku geji yopondereza.

Tengani miyeso ya masilindala onse. Ngati muzochitika zilizonse zowerengera zikusiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika, tenganinso muyeso uwu kuti muchotse cholakwika chomwe chingachitike.

Musanayambe kuyeza ndi chotchinga chotsekedwa, piritsani ma spark plugs ndikuyambitsa injini kuti itenthe, ndipo nthawi yomweyo muwonjezere batire. Tsopano chitani chilichonse ngati chowongolera choyatsira, koma osakanikiza gasi.

Kuyeza popanda kutentha injini

Ngati pali zovuta ndi kuyambitsa injini, ndi bwino kuyeza psinjika popanda preheat. Ngati pali kuvala kwakukulu pazigawo za CPG kapena mphete zakhazikika, ndiye kuti kupanikizika kwa silinda panthawi ya "kuzizira" kungathe kutsika ndi theka la mtengo wamba. Pambuyo pakuwotha injini, imawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo imatha kuyandikira momwemo. Ndiyeno cholakwacho sichidzazindikirika.

Kusanthula zotsatira

Miyezo yomwe imatengedwa ndi valavu yotseguka imathandizira kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwakukulu, popeza jekeseni wa mpweya wambiri mu silinda kuposa momwe imakwirira kutulutsa kwake komwe kungatheke chifukwa cha zolakwika. Chotsatira chake, kuchepa kwa kukakamizidwa kofanana ndi chikhalidwe sikudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Kotero inu mukhoza kuwerengera pisitoni yosweka kapena yosweka, mphete zophika, valavu yopsereza.

Damper ikatsekedwa, mu silinda mumakhala mpweya wochepa ndipo kuponderezana kumakhala kochepa. Ndiye ngakhale kutayikira pang'ono kudzachepetsa kwambiri kupanikizika. Izi zitha kuwulula zolakwika zobisika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphete za pistoni ndi mavavu, komanso makina onyamula ma valve.

Cheke chosavuta chowonjezera chithandizira kumveketsa komwe gwero la vuto lagona. Kuti muchite izi, perekani mafuta pang'ono (pafupifupi 10 ... 15 ml) pamakoma a silinda yovuta kuti mafuta azitseketsa kutuluka kwa mpweya pakati pa pisitoni ndi khoma la silinda. Tsopano muyenera kubwereza muyeso wa silinda iyi.

Kuponderezedwa kwakukulu kudzawonetsa kutayikira chifukwa cha mphete za pistoni zong'ambika kapena zomata kapena zokopa pakhoma lamkati la silinda.

Kusasinthika kumatanthauza kuti ma valve satseka kwathunthu ndipo amafunika kutsekedwa kapena kusinthidwa.

Ngati mawerengedwe akuwonjezeka ndi pang'ono, mphete ndi mavavu ndi mlandu pa nthawi yomweyo, kapena pali chilema mu yamphamvu mutu gasket.  

Pofufuza zotsatira za kuyeza, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kupanikizika kwa ma silinda kumadalira kukula kwa injini kutentha, mafuta odzola ndi zinthu zina, ndi zida zoyezera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zolakwika zomwe zingakhale 2 ... 3 bar. . Chifukwa chake, osati kokha komanso osati mochulukirachulukira mtheradi wa psinjika ndikofunikira, koma kusiyana kwa milingo yoyezera ma silinda osiyanasiyana.

Ngati kuponderezana kuli pansi pang'ono, koma m'masilinda amodzi kusiyana kuli mkati mwa 10%, ndiye kuti pali kuvala yunifolomu ya CPG popanda zovuta zoonekeratu. Ndiye zifukwa ntchito yachilendo wa unit ayenera kufunidwa m'malo ena - poyatsira dongosolo, nozzles ndi zigawo zina.

Kuponderezana kochepa mu imodzi mwa masilindala kumawonetsa kusagwira bwino ntchito komwe kumayenera kukonzedwa.

Ngati izi zikuwoneka mu ma silinda oyandikana nawo, ndiye kuti ndizotheka.

Gome lotsatirali lidzakuthandizani kuzindikira vuto linalake mu injini ya petulo potengera zotsatira za miyeso ndi zizindikiro zina.

Nthawi zina, zotsatira zopezedwa zingawoneke zosamveka, koma zonse zikhoza kufotokozedwa. Ngati injini ya zaka zolimba ili ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu, musaganize kuti ili mu dongosolo langwiro ndipo palibe chodetsa nkhaŵa. Mfundoyi ingakhale yochuluka kwambiri ya mwaye, yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chipinda choyaka moto. Chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga.

Pamene kuchepetsa kupanikizika sikuli kwakukulu kwambiri ndipo moyo wautumiki wa injini sunafikebe, mukhoza kuyesa kuchita, ndiyeno muyesenso masabata angapo pambuyo pake. Ngati zinthu zikuyenda bwino, ndiye kuti mutha kupuma. Koma n'zotheka kuti chirichonse chidzakhala chofanana kapena choipitsitsa, ndiyeno muyenera kukonzekera - mwamakhalidwe ndi ndalama - pa msonkhano.