Kufika kwa Black Sea Fleet ya USSR gawo 1

Zamkatimu

Straits nthawi zonse yakhala madera ofunikira kwambiri, momwe ntchito yake idatsimikiziridwa ndi malamulo apadziko lonse a panyanja. Mu geopolitics pambuyo pa nkhondo, kuyang'anira mabwalo amadzi kunali kofunika kwambiri, zomwe zinakhudza mwachindunji tsogolo la zochitika zapamtunda, zomwe zinaphunziridwa kuchokera ku zochitika za nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Kuwoloka misewu ya panyanja, kuphatikiza ndi kulandidwa kwa gombe, kunali chinsinsi chogonjetsera adani pamtunda. Pokwaniritsa zomwe tafotokozazi, magulu ankhondo a magulu andale ndi ankhondo adayesetsa kupereka mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yokwaniritsira ntchito zomwe zidawayembekezera kunkhondo. Chifukwa chake kukhalapo kosalekeza kwa magulu amphamvu a zombo m'madzi a World Ocean, kukula kosalekeza ndi kuwongolera njira zankhondo zapamadzi, kuphatikiza njira zodziwikiratu, monga gawo la mpikisano wa zida pa Cold War.
- Kukonzekera kwa sitima zapamadzi zotera

Mphamvu zofika pa Black Sea Fleet zinagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya hovercraft. Chithunzi ndi polojekiti 1232.2 Zubr panthawi yotsitsa akasinja a PT-76 amphibious ndi zonyamula BTR-70. Chithunzi cha US Navy

Straits nthawi zonse yakhala madera ofunikira kwambiri, momwe ntchito yake idatsimikiziridwa ndi malamulo apadziko lonse a panyanja. Mu geopolitics pambuyo pa nkhondo, kuyang'anira mabwalo amadzi kunali kofunika kwambiri, zomwe zinakhudza mwachindunji tsogolo la zochitika zapamtunda, zomwe zinaphunziridwa kuchokera ku zochitika za nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Kuwoloka misewu ya panyanja, kuphatikiza ndi kulandidwa kwa gombe, kunali chinsinsi chogonjetsera adani pamtunda. Pokwaniritsa zomwe tafotokozazi, magulu ankhondo a magulu andale ndi ankhondo adayesetsa kupereka mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yokwaniritsira ntchito zomwe zidawayembekezera kunkhondo. Chifukwa chake kukhalapo kosalekeza kwa magulu amphamvu a zombo m'madzi a World Ocean, kukula kosalekeza ndi kuwongolera njira zankhondo zapamadzi, kuphatikiza njira zodziwikiratu, monga gawo la mpikisano wa zida pa Cold War.

Bungwe la Naval Forces
chombo chokwerera

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa nkhondo mu Black Sea mu 1944 mpaka m'ma 50s. Sitima yayikulu yotera ya Black Sea Fleet (yomwe tsopano imatchedwa DChF) idagwidwa ndikusamutsidwa ngati magawo obwezera ankhondo ochokera ku Germany. Gawo lalikulu la zida izi zidamira ndi Ajeremani, chifukwa chosatheka kuthawa, kutsetsereka kwa zida zankhondo. Magawo awa adafukulidwa ndi aku Russia, adakonzedwa ndikuyikidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, zombo 16 za MFP zidaperekedwa panthawi yankhondo ya FCz. Magawo omwe amatera ku Germany anali apamwamba kuposa ukadaulo wa Navy (WMF) mwanjira iliyonse. Magawo a Soviet adamangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zotsika, zomwe zinali chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zida zopangira zida zoyenera komanso, koposa zonse, kusowa kwa zida. Mwa njira zoyambira ku Germany, mabwato okwera otchulidwa akusintha kosiyanasiyana anali ochulukirapo. Pazonse, zombozi zidaphatikizapo mayunitsi 27 aku Germany ndi 2 mayunitsi a MZ aku Italy. Nkhondo itatha, bwato la American LCM, lomwe linalandira kuchokera kuzinthu zoperekedwa pansi pa pulogalamu ya Lend-Lease, linalowanso ku Black Sea.

M'zaka za m'ma 50, zida izi zidasweka pang'onopang'ono - zina zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zoyandama zothandizira. Kuwonongeka kwaukadaulo wamagalimoto amphibious kwazaka zambiri kudapangitsa kuti mayunitsi atsopano apangidwe, omwe amayenera kupanga kusowa kwa zida munthawi yochepa. Choncho, mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 50, zombo zingapo zazing'ono ndi zapakati zotera ndi ngalawa zinapangidwa. Iwo ankafanana ndi ziyembekezo ndiye Soviet ndipo anali chithunzithunzi cha mfundo anatengera mu USSR pafupifupi utumiki udindo wa zombo mu zochita za asilikali pansi mu malangizo gombe. Zoletsa m'munda wa zida zankhondo zam'madzi ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa mapulani a chitukuko chotsatira, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa zombo zakale, zidatsogolera gulu lankhondo la Soviet kuti lifike kugwa kwaukadaulo komanso zovuta pakumenya nkhondo. Malingaliro a gawo lochepa, lodzitchinjiriza la gulu lankhondo lankhondo pambuyo pazaka zingapo linasintha, ndipo zombozo, muzolinga zolakalaka za omwe adapanga njira yatsopano yankhondo yam'madzi, adayenera kupita kunyanja.

Kukula kwa VMP kunayamba mu 60s, ndipo zatsopano zonyansa za chiphunzitso cha nkhondo zapamadzi zinapangitsa kusintha kwapadera kwa bungwe lokhudzana ndi kufunikira kosintha mapangidwe a magulu a sitima ku ntchito zomwe amakumana nazo, osati m'madzi otsekedwa mkati, komanso m’madzi otseguka. madzi a m'nyanja. M'mbuyomu, malingaliro odzitchinjiriza omwe adatengedwa ndi utsogoleri wa ndale wotsogozedwa ndi Nikita Khrushchev adasintha kwambiri, ngakhale m'magulu osamala a akazembe kumbuyo kwazaka zapakati pa 80s. nkhondo yamtsogolo.

Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50, magulu omenyana ndi ndege anali m'gulu la asilikali oteteza sitima zapamadzi (BOORV). Mu Black Sea, kusintha kwa bungwe latsopano la zigawenga za amphibious kunachitika mu 1966. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, gulu lankhondo la 197 la amphibious assault brigade (BOD) linapangidwa, lomwe, malinga ndi ndondomeko ya cholinga ndi mitundu, linali la mphamvu zogwirira ntchito. anafuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa madzi awo (Soviet).