Mafuta opangira ndi chiyani

Kupanga mafuta ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mafuta oyambira kutengera zopangira, komanso zowonjezera zomwe zimapatsa zinthu zothandiza (kuwonjezeka kukana kuvala, ukhondo, chitetezo cha dzimbiri). Mafuta oterowo ndi oyenera kugwira ntchito m'mainjini amakono oyaka mkati komanso m'malo ovuta kwambiri (kutsika komanso kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, etc.).

Mafuta opangira, mosiyana ndi mafuta amchere, opangidwa pamaziko a chandamale kaphatikizidwe mankhwala. Pakupanga kwake, mafuta amafuta, omwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, amasungunulidwa, kenako amasinthidwa kukhala mamolekyu oyambira. kupitilira apo, kutengera iwo, mafuta oyambira amapezedwa, komwe zowonjezera zimawonjezeredwa kuti chomalizacho chikhale ndi mawonekedwe apadera.

Makhalidwe a mafuta opangira

Graph ya kukhuthala kwa mafuta motsutsana ndi mileage

A mbali ya mafuta opangidwa ndi kuti amasunga katundu wake kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipotu, iwonso anapereka pa siteji ya kaphatikizidwe mankhwala. Munjira yake, mamolekyu "owongolera" amapangidwa, omwe amawapereka.

Mafuta a synthetic ali ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• mkulu matenthedwe ndi okosijeni bata;
• mkulu kukhuthala index;
• ntchito yapamwamba pa kutentha kochepa;
• kusakhazikika pang'ono;
• otsika coefficient wa kukangana.

Zinthu izi zimatsimikizira ubwino womwe mafuta opangira amakhala nawo kuposa semi-synthetics ndi mafuta amchere.

Ubwino wa Mafuta Opangira Magalimoto

Kutengera ndi katundu pamwamba, tiona ubwino kupanga mafuta amapatsa mwini galimoto.

Zosiyana zamafuta opangira	katundu	ubwino
Mlozera wapamwamba kwambiri wa viscosity	Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa filimu yamafuta pamatenthedwe otsika komanso okwera	Kuchepetsa kuvala kwa zida za injini zoyatsira mkati, makamaka kutentha kwambiri
Kuchita kwa kutentha kochepa	Kutetezedwa kwa fluidity poyambira injini yoyaka mkati mwazotentha kwambiri	Mafuta othamanga kwambiri omwe amatha kupita kumalo ofunikira a injini yoyatsira mkati, kuchepetsa kutha poyambira
Kusakhazikika kochepa	Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta	Kusungirako pa zowonjezeredwa mafuta
Low coefficient of kukangana	More yunifolomu kupanga mafuta maselo, m'munsi coefficient mkati mikangano	Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati, kuchepetsa kutentha kwamafuta
Kupititsa patsogolo matenthedwe-oxidative katundu	Kuchepetsa kukalamba kwa mafuta pokhudzana ndi mamolekyu a okosijeni	Makhalidwe okhazikika a viscosity-kutentha, mapangidwe ochepa a madipoziti ndi mwaye.

Mapangidwe a mafuta opangira

Mafuta opangira makina kapena mafuta otumizira amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo:

• ma hydrocarbons (polyalphaolefins, alkylbenzenes);
• esters (zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ma organic acid okhala ndi ma alcohols).

Kusiyana pakati pa ma mineral ndi ma molekyulu amafuta opangira

Malinga zikuchokera ndi zikhalidwe za zimachitikira mankhwala, mafuta anawagawa mitundu zotsatirazi - zofunika, hydrocarbon, polyorganosiloxane, polyalphaolefin, isoparafini, halogen m'malo, chlorine ndi fluorine munali, polyalkylene glycol, ndi zina zotero.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti opanga ambiri perekani mafuta awo tanthauzo la zopangira mokhazikika. Izi zili choncho chifukwa m’mayiko ena kugulitsa zinthu zopangira zinthu zopanga sikolipira msonkho. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta opangidwa ndi hydrocracking nthawi zina amatchedwanso opangidwa. M'mayiko ena, zosakaniza zomwe zili ndi zowonjezera 30% zimatengedwa ngati mafuta opangira, ena - mpaka 50%. Opanga ambiri amangogula mafuta oyambira ndi zowonjezera kuchokera kwa opanga mafuta opangira. Powasakaniza, amapeza nyimbo zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi. motero, chiwerengero cha zopangidwa ndi mafuta enieni opangira akukula chaka ndi chaka.

Viscosity ndi gulu la mafuta opangira

Kusasamala - Uku ndiko kuthekera kwa mafuta kukhalabe pamwamba pa zigawozo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kukhalabe ndi fluidity. Kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa mafuta, kumachepetsanso filimu yamafuta. Ndi yodziwika mamasukidwe akayendedwe index, zomwe zimasonyeza mosadukiza mlingo wa chiyero cha mafuta oyambira ku zonyansa. Mafuta opangira ma mota ali ndi index ya viscosity index mumitundu ya 120 ... 150.

Nthawi zambiri, mafuta opangira magalimoto amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito masitomu oyambira omwe ali ndi zabwino kwambiri otsika kutentha katundu, komanso kukhala wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakalasi akukhuthala. Mwachitsanzo, SAE 0W-40, 5W-40 ngakhale 10W-60.

Kuti muwonetse kalasi ya viscosity, gwiritsani ntchito SAE muyezo - American Association of Mechanical Engineers. Gululi limapereka kutentha komwe mafuta ena amatha kugwira ntchito. Muyezo wa SAE J300 umagawa mafuta m'mitundu 11, yomwe sikisi ndi yozizira ndipo isanu ndi yotentha.

Momwe mungasankhire mamasukidwe akayendedwe amafuta a injini

Mogwirizana ndi muyezo uwu, kutchulidwa kumakhala ndi manambala awiri ndi chilembo W. Mwachitsanzo, 5W-40. Nambala yoyamba imatanthawuza coefficient of low viscosity kutentha:

• 0W - ntchito pa kutentha kwa -35 ° C;
• 5W - ntchito pa kutentha kwa -30 ° C;
• 10W - ntchito pa kutentha kwa -25 ° C;
• 15W - ntchito pa kutentha kwa -20 ° C;

Nambala yachiwiri (mu chitsanzo 40) ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe pamene injini kuyaka mkati mkangano. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chomwe chimasonyeza kutsika kwakukulu komanso kukhuthala kwa mafuta pa kutentha kwake mumtundu wa + 100 ° С ... + 150 ° С. Kukwera kwa nambala iyi, kumapangitsanso kukhuthala kwagalimoto. Kuti mumve zambiri pamatchulidwe ena pabotolo lamafuta opangira, onani nkhani yakuti "Kulemba Mafuta".

Malangizo pakusankha mafuta malinga ndi kukhuthala kwawo:

• popanga injini yoyaka mkati mpaka 25% (injini yatsopano), muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi makalasi 5W-30 kapena 10W-30 nyengo yonse;
• ngati injini yoyaka mkati yagwira ntchito 25 ... 75% ya gwero - 10W-40, 15W-40 m'chilimwe, 5W-30 kapena 10W-30 m'nyengo yozizira, SAE 5W-40 - nyengo yonse;
• ngati injini kuyaka mkati wagwira ntchito kuposa 75% ya gwero lake, ndiye muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito 15W-40 ndi 20W-50 m'chilimwe, 5W-40 ndi 10W-40 m'nyengo yozizira, 5W-50 nyengo yonse.

Kodi n'zotheka kusakaniza mafuta opangira, semi-synthetic ndi mchere

Tidzayankha funsoli nthawi yomweyo - sakanizani mafuta aliwonse, ngakhale amtundu womwewo, koma kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana kwambiri osavomerezeka. Izi ndichifukwa choti pakusakanikirana, kusakanikirana kwamankhwala pakati pa zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana kumatheka, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zosayembekezereka. Ndiko kuti, kusakaniza kotereku sikungafanane ndi miyambo kapena miyezo. Chifukwa chake, mafuta ophatikizika ndiwo ambiri njira yomaliza pamene palibe njira ina.

Kutentha kudalira mamasukidwe akayendedwe

Kawirikawiri, kusakaniza mafuta kumachitika pamene akusintha kuchokera ku mafuta kupita ku ena. Kapena ngati mukufunika kuwonjezera, koma mafuta ofunikira sali pafupi. Kodi kusanganikirana kwa injini yoyaka mkati ndi koyipa bwanji? Ndipo zotani zikatero?

Mafuta okha ochokera kwa wopanga yemweyo amatsimikiziridwa kuti amagwirizana. Kupatula apo, ukadaulo wopezera komanso kapangidwe kake kazinthu zowonjezera pankhaniyi idzakhala yofanana. Chifukwa chake, mukasintha mafuta komanso antchito angapo, muyenera kudzaza mafuta amtundu womwewo. Ndikwabwino kusinthanitsa, mwachitsanzo, mafuta opangira ndi mafuta amchere kuchokera kwa wopanga m'modzi kusiyana ndi "kupanga" wina kuchokera kwa wopanga wina. Komabe, ndi bwino kuchotsa mwamsanga chifukwa osakaniza mu injini kuyaka mkati mwamsanga. Posintha mafuta, pafupifupi 5-10% ya voliyumu yake imakhalabe mu injini yoyaka moto. Chifukwa chake, magawo angapo otsatirawa, kusintha kwamafuta kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi kuposa masiku onse.

Pazifukwa ziti pakufunika kuthamangitsa injini yoyaka mkati:

• pakusintha mtundu kapena wopanga mafuta;
• pamene pali kusintha kwa makhalidwe a mafuta (makamaka mamasukidwe, mtundu);
• ngati mukukayikira kuti mu injini yoyaka moto mu injini yoyaka moto mumapezeka madzi owonjezera - antifreeze, mafuta;
• pali kukayikira kuti mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osakhala bwino;
• pambuyo pa kukonza kulikonse, pamene mutu wa silinda unatsegulidwa;
• ngati mukukayikira kuti kusintha kwamafuta komaliza kunachitika kalekale.

Ndemanga za mafuta opangira

Tikukudziwitsani za mtundu wamafuta opangira, omwe amapangidwa potengera ndemanga za oyendetsa galimoto ndi maganizo a akatswiri olemekezeka. Kutengera chidziwitsochi, mutha kupanga chisankho chamafuta opangira omwe ali abwino kwambiri.

Mafuta 5 apamwamba kwambiri opangira:

Motul Specific DEXOS2 5w30. Mafuta opangira ovomerezeka ndi General Motors. Zimasiyana ndi khalidwe lapamwamba, ntchito yokhazikika pazikhalidwe za kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsika. Zimagwira ntchito ndi mafuta amtundu uliwonse.

Malingaliro abwino	Malingaliro olakwika
Zowonjezera zimagwira ntchito nthawi yonse yolamulira. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa mafuta a GM.	Ndakhala ndikutsanulira mafuta a GM DEXOC 2, kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri tsopano ndipo zonse zili bwino, ndipo matul anu, amalimbikitsidwa pa intaneti, monga munthu wabwino adanena zoipa.
Zabwino kwambiri kuposa GM Dexos2, injini yoyaka mkati yakhala chete ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwatsika. Inde, kulibenso fungo loyaka moto, apo ayi, pambuyo pa 2 tkm, GM yachibadwidwe inanunkhira ngati palenka ...
Zowoneka bwino ndizabwino, magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi kuchepa kwamafuta ndi kuwononga mafuta ndizosangalatsa kwambiri.

SHELL Helix HX8 5W/30. Mafutawa amapangidwa molingana ndi ukadaulo wapadera womwe umakupatsani mwayi woyeretsa mwachangu magawo a injini yoyaka mkati kuchokera pakuwunjika kwa dothi komanso kupanga matope pamfundo zake. Chifukwa cha kukhuthala kochepa, chuma chamafuta chimatsimikizika, komanso chitetezo cha injini yoyaka mkati mwakusintha kwamafuta.

Malingaliro abwino	Malingaliro olakwika
Ndakhala ndikuyendetsa kwa zaka 6 tsopano popanda vuto. Ndidatsegula injini yoyatsira yamkati kotero kuti varnish yamafuta pang'ono pang'ono pamakoma a injini yoyaka mkati. M'nyengo yozizira, paminus 30-35, idayamba popanda mavuto	Zambiri zabodza.
Kuphimba bwino kwambiri kwa filimu yamafuta ya magawo a injini zoyaka mkati. Kutentha kwabwino. Only+++	Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe sindimakonda zinali ZOKHUDZA KWAMBIRI zowononga. kuyendetsa 90% pamsewu waukulu. Inde, mtengo wake ndi wodabwitsa. Ubwino - ndi chidaliro chiyambi kuzizira.
Mafuta anachita bwino kwambiri. Zinthu zonse zolembedwa pamapaketi ndizowona. Mutha kusintha makilomita 10000 aliwonse.	Mtengo wake ndi wokwera, koma ndizoyenera

Lukoil Lux 5W-40 SN/CF. Mafuta amapangidwa m'chigawo cha Russian Federation. Kuvomerezedwa ndi opanga magalimoto odziwika monga Porsche, Renault, BMW, Volkswagen. Mafutawa ndi a kalasi ya premium, chifukwa chake amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumafuta amakono kwambiri komanso ma ICE okhala ndi dizilo. zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, ma vani ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono. ndizoyeneranso magalimoto amasewera a ICE.

Malingaliro abwino	Malingaliro olakwika
Ndili ndi 1997 Toyota camry 3 lita, ndipo ndakhala ndikutsanulira mafuta a Lukoil Lux 5w-40 kwa zaka zisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, imayamba kuchokera kutali ndi chisanu chilichonse ndi theka	Zimanenepa msanga, zimalimbikitsa madipoziti
Ndiyenera kunena nthawi yomweyo kuti mafuta ndi abwino, mtengo umagwirizana ndi khalidwe! M'magalimoto a galimoto, ndithudi, amayesa kugulitsa mafuta okwera mtengo, a ku Ulaya, ndi zina zotero. Mtengo wokwera mtengo kwambiri, umakhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga nsalu, izi ndi zoona, mwatsoka.	Kutayika kwachangu kwa katundu, chitetezo chochepa cha injini yoyaka mkati
Ndakhala ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, palibe zodandaula. Sinthani penapake pamakilomita 8 - 000 aliwonse. Chomwe chimasangalatsa kwambiri ndichakuti mukatenga malo opangira mafuta, ndizosatheka kupeza zabodza.	Ugar idayamba kuwonekera pambuyo pa 2000 km yothamanga pa iyo. Ndi mafuta abwino kwambiri!

ZONSE QUARTZ 9000 5W 40. Multigrade synthetic mafuta amafuta amafuta ndi dizilo. Komanso ndi oyenera ma injini a turbocharged, magalimoto okhala ndi ma converter othandizira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsogola kapena LPG.

Malingaliro abwino	Malingaliro olakwika
Mafuta ndi abwino kwambiri, Total imapangitsa kuti mtunduwo ukhale wapamwamba. Ili ndi zovomerezeka kuchokera kwa opanga otsogola ku Europe: Volkswagen AG, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, PSA Peugeot Citroën.	Mayeso oyendetsa - Total Quartz 9000 Synthetic mafuta sanatisangalatse ndi zotsatira zake.
Ndinayendetsa kale 177'000, osandikhumudwitsa	Mafutawo ndi achabechabe, ine ndekha ndinaonetsetsa, ndinawatsanulira m'magalimoto awiri, ndinamveranso malangizo a Audi 80 ndi Nissan Almera, pa liwiro lalikulu mafutawa alibe mamasukidwe aliwonse, injini zonse zinagwedezeka, ndipo ndinatenga mafuta. masitolo apadera osiyanasiyana, kotero kutumiza koyipa sikuphatikizidwa !!! Sindikulangiza aliyense kutsanulira zamkhutu izi!
Kuwonjezera pa mafutawa, sindinatsanulirepo kalikonse ndipo sindidzawatsanulira! zabwino kuchokera m'malo kupita m'malo, osati dontho, mu chisanu zimayamba ndi theka, oyenera magalimoto onse amafuta ndi dizilo! Malingaliro anga, owerengeka okha ndi omwe angapikisane ndi mafutawa!	Palibe chitsimikizo kuti sindikugula zabodza - ili ndi vuto lalikulu.

Castrol Edge 5W 30. Mafuta a synthetic demi-season, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pama injini amafuta ndi dizilo. chifukwa ili ndi makalasi apamwamba awa: A3/B3, A3/B4, ACEA C3. Wopangayo amalonjezanso chitetezo chabwinoko popanga filimu yolimbitsa mafuta yomwe imapanga pazigawozo. Amapereka maulendo otalikirapo otha kupitilira 10 km.

Malingaliro abwino	Malingaliro olakwika
Ndakhala ndikuyendetsa Castrol 5w-30 kwa zaka ziwiri tsopano, mafuta abwino kwambiri pambuyo pa 15, mtundu ngakhale kusintha, ngakhale pamene galimoto ikuthamanga, sindinawonjezerepo kanthu, kokwanira kuchokera m'malo mwake.	Ndinasitha galimoto ndipo ndinaganiza kale kutsanulira mu galimoto yatsopano, ndinathamangira kuchoka m'malo mwake ndipo ndinadabwa kwambiri, mafuta anali akuda ndipo amanunkhiza kale.
Poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe a Ford omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 3, mafutawa ndi amadzimadzi kwambiri. Injini yoyaka mkati imakhala chete. Kuthamanga kunabwerera ndi phokoso la injini zoyatsira mkati zomwe zimakhala ndi ff2. Adasankhidwa ndi VIN	Iwo anatsanulira mu VW Polo, monga momwe adalangizira ndi wopanga. Mafuta ndi okwera mtengo, amasiya kaboni madipoziti mu injini kuyaka mkati. galimoto ili mokweza kwambiri. Sindikumvetsa chifukwa chake zimawononga ndalama zambiri

Momwe mungasiyanitsire mafuta opangira

Ngakhale kukhuthala kwa mchere, semi-synthetic ndi mafuta opangira kungakhale kofanana pa kutentha kwina, ntchito ya "synthetics" idzakhala yabwinoko nthawi zonse. Choncho, ndikofunika kuti muthe kusiyanitsa mafuta ndi mtundu wawo.

Pogula mafuta opangira, choyamba muyenera kulabadira zomwe zasonyezedwa pa canister. Chifukwa chake, mafuta opangira mafuta amasankhidwa ndi mawu anayi:

• Zopangidwa mwaluso. Mafuta oterowo amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi zonyansa zamagulu opangira mpaka 30%.
• Synthetic Based, Synthetic Technology. Mofanana ndi yapitayi, komabe, kuchuluka kwa zigawo zopangira pano ndi 50%.
• Semi Synthetic. Kuchuluka kwa zigawo zopangira ndizoposa 50%.
• Mwathunthu Synthetic. Ndi 100% mafuta opangira.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali njira zomwe mungadziwonere nokha mafuta:

• Ngati musakaniza mafuta amchere ndi "synthetics", osakanizawo amatha kupindika. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa mafuta achiwiriwo.
• Mafuta amchere amakhala okhuthala komanso akuda kuposa mafuta opangira. Mutha kuponya mpira wachitsulo mumafuta. Mu mchere, imamira pang'onopang'ono.
• Mafuta amchere amafewa pokhudza kukhudza kuposa mafuta opangira.

Popeza mafuta opangidwa ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, mwatsoka, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zabodza kumatha kupezeka pamsika, chifukwa owukira akuyesera kupeza ndalama popanga. Choncho, ndikofunika kuti muthe kusiyanitsa mafuta oyambirira ndi abodza.

Mmene mungasiyanitse cholakwika

Momwe mungasiyanitsire mafuta a injini yapachiyambi ndi zabodza. (chipolopolo cha helix Ultra, Castrol Magnatec)

Pali njira zingapo zosavuta zokuthandizani kusiyanitsa chitini kapena botolo lamafuta a injini yabodza ndi choyambirira:

• Onetsetsani mosamala chivindikirocho ndi ubwino wa occlusion. Opanga ena amayika tinyanga zosindikizira pachivundikiro (mwachitsanzo, SHELL Helix). Komanso, owukira amatha kumata pang'ono chivindikirocho kuti adzutse kukayikira za kutsekeka koyambirira.
• Samalani ubwino wa chivindikiro ndi canister (mtsuko). Iwo sayenera kukhala ndi scuffs. Kupatula apo, njira yodziwika kwambiri yonyamulira zinthu zabodza ili m'mitsuko yogulidwa m'malo ogulitsira. Makamaka, kuti mudziwe momwe kapu yoyambirira imawonekera (mafuta odziwika kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi Castrol). Ngati pali kukayikira pang'ono, yang'anani thupi lonse la canister ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kukana kugula.
• Cholemba choyambirira chiyenera kuikidwa mofanana ndikuwoneka mwatsopano komanso zatsopano. Yang'anani momwe imamatira bwino ku canister body.
• Pa chidebe chilichonse choyikapo (mabotolo, zitini, zitini zachitsulo) ziyenera kuwonetsedwa nambala ya batch ya fakitale ndi tsiku lopangidwa (kapena tsiku lomwe mafuta atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito).

Yesani kugula mafuta kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika ndi oimira akuluakulu. Osagula kwa anthu kapena masitolo omwe akukayikira. Izi zidzakupulumutsani inu ndi galimoto yanu ku zovuta zomwe zingatheke.