Ndi mafuta ati omwe ali bwino kudzaza injini yoyaka mkati

Funso ndi mafuta ndi bwino kudzaza injininkhawa eni magalimoto ambiri. Kusankhidwa kwamadzi opaka mafuta nthawi zambiri kumatengera kusankhidwa kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kalasi ya API, ACEA, kuvomereza kwa opanga magalimoto ndi zinthu zina zingapo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene amaganizira za maonekedwe a mafuta ndi makhalidwe abwino ponena za mafuta omwe injini yagalimoto imayendera kapena mapangidwe ake. Kwa injini zoyatsira mkati za turbocharged ndi injini zoyatsira mkati zokhala ndi zida za baluni ya gasi, kusankha kumachitidwa padera. m'pofunikanso kudziwa zimene zoipa zotsatira mafuta ndi kuchuluka kwa sulfure ali pa injini kuyaka mkati, ndi mmene kusankha mafuta mu nkhani iyi.

Zofunikira zamafuta a injini

kuti mudziwe ndendende mafuta amtundu wanji oti mudzaze injini yoyaka moto mkati mwagalimoto, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zofunikira zomwe mafuta opaka mafuta ayenera kukwaniritsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• mkulu detergent ndi solubilizing katundu;
• luso loletsa kuvala;
• mkulu matenthedwe ndi okosijeni bata;
• palibe zikuwononga mbali injini kuyaka mkati;
• kuthekera kwa kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito komanso kukana kukalamba;
• mlingo wotsika wa zinyalala mu injini kuyaka mkati, otsika kusakhazikika;
• mkulu matenthedwe bata;
• kusowa (kapena pang'ono) chithovu mu kutentha kulikonse;
• kuyanjana ndi zida zonse zomwe zida zosindikizira za injini yoyaka mkati zimapangidwira;
• kuyanjana ndi zolimbikitsa;
• ntchito odalirika pa kutentha otsika, kuonetsetsa yachibadwa ozizira chiyambi, pumpability wabwino nyengo yozizira;
• kudalirika kwa mafuta opangira magawo a injini.

Kupatula apo, vuto lonse la kusankha ndikuti ndizosatheka kupeza mafuta omwe angakwaniritse zofunikira zonse, chifukwa nthawi zina amangogwirizana. Kupatula apo, palibe yankho lotsimikizika la funso la mafuta oti mudzaze injini yamafuta kapena dizilo mkati, chifukwa pamtundu uliwonse wa injini muyenera kusankha nokha.

Ma motors ena amafunikira mafuta oteteza zachilengedwe, ena ma viscous kapena mosemphanitsa madzi ambiri. Ndipo kuti mudziwe kuti ndi ICE iti yomwe ili bwino kudzaza, muyenera kudziwa mfundo monga viscosity, phulusa, nambala ya alkaline ndi asidi, komanso momwe zimayenderana ndi kulolerana kwa opanga magalimoto ndi muyezo wa ACEA.

Viscosity ndi kulolerana

Pachikhalidwe, kusankha mafuta a injini kumapangidwa molingana ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi kulolerana kwa automaker. Pa intaneti mungapeze zambiri za izi. Tidzakumbukira mwachidule kuti pali mfundo ziwiri zofunika - SAE ndi ACEA, malinga ndi zomwe mafuta ayenera kusankhidwa.

Chizindikiro cha mafuta a injini

kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zizindikiro zonse pa chitini cha mafuta a galimoto. Dziwani zomwe zizindikiro zamafuta a injini API, SAE, ACEA, ILSAC ndi GOST zikutanthawuza kuti musankhe mafuta ofunikira a injini yoyaka mkati mwagalimoto Werengani zambiri

 

Mtengo wa viscosity (mwachitsanzo, 5W-30 kapena 5W-40) umapereka chidziwitso chokhudza momwe mafuta amagwirira ntchito, komanso injini yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito (mafuta ena omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ena amatha kutsanuliridwa mu injini zina). Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulabadira kulolerana molingana ndi muyezo wa ACEA, mwachitsanzo, ACEA A1 / B1; ACEA A3/B4; ACEA A5/B5; ACEA C2 ... C5 ndi ena. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pama injini amafuta ndi dizilo.

Okonda magalimoto ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso lomwe API ili bwino? Yankho lake lidzakhala - loyenera injini yoyaka moto mkati. Pali magulu angapo a magalimoto opangidwa pano. Kwa petulo, awa ndi makalasi a SM (magalimoto opangidwa mu 2004 ... 2010), SN (magalimoto opangidwa pambuyo pa 2010) ndi kalasi yatsopano ya API SP (magalimoto opangidwa pambuyo pa 2020), sitingaganizire zina zonse chifukwa cha mfundo yakuti amaonedwa kuti ndi yachikale. Kwa injini za dizilo, mayina ofanana ndi CI-4 ndi (2004 ... 2010) ndi CJ-4 (pambuyo pa 2010). Ngati makina anu ndi akulu, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana zinthu zina malinga ndi muyezo wa API. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti sikuli bwino kudzaza mafuta "atsopano" m'magalimoto akale (mwachitsanzo, kudzaza SN m'malo mwa SM). Ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a automaker (izi ndichifukwa cha mapangidwe ndi zida zamagalimoto).

Ngati, pogula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito, simukudziwa kuti ndi mafuta amtundu wanji omwe mwiniwake wapitawo adadzaza, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kusinthiratu fyuluta yamafuta ndi mafuta, komanso kuwotcha makina amafuta pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera.

Opanga injini za injini ali ndi zovomerezeka zawo zamafuta a injini (monga BMW Longlife-04; Dexos2; GM-LL-A-025/ GM-LL-B-025; MB 229.31/MB 229.51; Porsche A40; VW 502 00/VW 505 ndi ena). Ngati mafuta akugwirizana ndi kulolerana kumodzi kapena kwina, ndiye kuti chidziwitso cha izi chidzawonetsedwa mwachindunji pa chizindikiro cha canister. Ngati galimoto yanu ili ndi kulekerera koteroko, ndiye kuti ndibwino kusankha mafuta omwe akugwirizana nawo.

Zosankha zitatu zomwe zatchulidwazi ndizovomerezeka komanso zofunikira, ndipo ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Komabe, palinso magawo angapo osangalatsa omwe amakulolani kusankha mafuta omwe ndi abwino kwa injini yamoto yoyaka mkati mwagalimoto.

Opanga mafuta amakweza kukhuthala kwa kutentha kwambiri powonjezera ma polymeric thickeners pakupanga kwawo. Komabe, mtengo wa 60 ndi woopsa kwambiri, popeza kuwonjezeranso kwazinthu izi za mankhwala sikuli koyenera, ndipo kumangovulaza.

Mafuta okhala ndi viscosity ya kinematic otsika ndi oyenera ICE ndi ICE yatsopano, momwe ngalande zamafuta ndi mabowo (zochotsa) zimakhala ndi gawo laling'ono. Ndiko kuti, mafuta odzola amalowa mkati mwawo popanda mavuto panthawi yogwira ntchito ndipo amagwira ntchito yoteteza. Ngati mafuta wandiweyani (40, 50, ndi zina zotero 60) amatsanuliridwa mu injini yotereyi, ndiye kuti sangathe kudutsa muzitsulo, zomwe zidzabweretsa zotsatira ziwiri zoipa. Choyamba, injini yoyaka yamkati idzauma. Kachiwiri, mafuta ambiri adzalowa m'chipinda choyaka moto, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku utsi, ndiko kuti, padzakhala "chowotcha mafuta" ndi utsi wabuluu kuchokera ku utsi.

Mafuta okhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika a kinematic viscosity nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu turbocharged ndi boxer ICE (zitsanzo zatsopano), popeza nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira zowonda zamafuta, ndipo kuziziritsa kumachitika makamaka chifukwa chamafuta.

Mafuta okhala ndi ma viscosities otentha kwambiri a 50 ndi 60 ndiakuluakulu kwambiri ndipo ndi oyenera ma injini okhala ndi ndime zambiri zamafuta. Cholinga chawo china ndikugwiritsa ntchito injini zokhala ndi mtunda wautali, zomwe zimakhala ndi mipata yayikulu pakati pa magawo (kapena ma ICE a magalimoto odzaza kwambiri). Ma motors oterowo ayenera kuchitidwa mosamala, ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati wopanga injini alola.

Nthawi zina (pamene kukonza sikutheka pazifukwa zilizonse), mafuta oterowo amatha kutsanuliridwa mu injini yakale yoyaka mkati kuti muchepetse utsi. Komabe, pa mwayi woyamba, m'pofunika kuchita diagnostics injini kuyaka mkati ndi kukonza, ndiyeno lembani mafuta akulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga galimoto.

ACEA muyezo

ACEA - European Association of Machine Manufacturers, yomwe imaphatikizapo BMW, DAF, Ford of Europe, General Motors Europe, MAN, Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot, Porsche, Renault, Rolls Royce, Rover, Saab-Scania, Volkswagen, Volvo, FIAT ndi ena. . Malinga ndi muyezo, mafuta amagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu:

• A1, A3 ndi A5 - milingo yabwino yamafuta amafuta amafuta;
• B1, B3, B4 ndi B5 ndi milingo yamafuta pamagalimoto onyamula anthu komanso magalimoto ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi injini za dizilo.

Nthawi zambiri, mafuta amakono ndi achilengedwe chonse, kotero amatha kutsanuliridwa mumafuta amafuta ndi dizilo ICE. Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazinthu zotsatirazi chili pazitini zamafuta:

• ACEA A1 / B1;
• ACEA A3 / B3;
• ACEA A3 / B4;
• KUTI A5/B5.

komanso molingana ndi muyezo wa ACEA, pali mafuta otsatirawa omwe awonjezera kuyanjana ndi otembenuza othandizira (nthawi zina amatchedwa phulusa lotsika, koma izi sizowona kwathunthu, popeza pali zitsanzo zapakatikati ndi zodzaza phulusa pamzere).

• C1. Ndi mafuta otsika phulusa (SAPS - Sulphated Ash, Phosphorus ndi Sulfure, "phulusa la sulphate, phosphorous ndi sulfure"). Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi injini za dizilo, zomwe zimatha kudzazidwa ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri, komanso jekeseni wamafuta mwachindunji. Mafutawa ayenera kukhala ndi chiŵerengero cha HTHS chosachepera 2,9 mPa•s.
• C2. Ndi yayikulu pakati. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma ICE omwe ali ndi makina otulutsa (ngakhale ovuta kwambiri komanso amakono). Kuphatikiza ma injini a dizilo okhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji. Ikhoza kutsanuliridwa mu injini zomwe zikuyenda pa mafuta otsika kwambiri.
• C3. Mofanana ndi yapitayi, ndi sing'anga-phulusa, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi injini iliyonse, kuphatikizapo amene amalola kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika mamasukidwe akayendedwe. Komabe, apa mtengo wa HTHS ndiwololedwa wosachepera 3,5 MPa•s.
• C4. Ndi mafuta ochepa a phulusa. Muzinthu zina zonse, ndizofanana ndi zitsanzo zam'mbuyomu, komabe, kuwerenga kwa HTHS kuyenera kukhala osachepera 3,5 MPa•s.
• C5. Kalasi yamakono kwambiri yomwe idayambitsidwa mu 2017. Mwalamulo, ndi phulusa lapakati, koma mtengo wa HTHS pano siwotsika kuposa 2,6 MPa•s. Apo ayi, mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi injini iliyonse dizilo.

komanso malinga ndi muyezo wa ACEA, pali mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dizilo ICE omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta (magalimoto ndi zida zomangira, mabasi, ndi zina zotero). Iwo ali ndi dzina - E4, E6, E7, E9. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo, sitidzawaganizira.

Kusankhidwa kwamafuta molingana ndi muyezo wa ACEA kumatengera mtundu wa injini yoyatsira mkati komanso kuchuluka kwake. Chifukwa chake, A3, B3 ndi B4 akale ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ambiri a ICE omwe ali ndi zaka zosachepera 5. Komanso, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zapakhomo, osati zapamwamba kwambiri (zokhala ndi zonyansa zazikulu za sulfure). Koma mfundo za C4 ndi C5 ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukutsimikiza kuti mafuta ndi apamwamba kwambiri ndipo akukumana ndi chikhalidwe chovomerezeka cha Euro-5 (ndiponso Euro-6). Apo ayi, mafuta apamwamba, m'malo mwake, "adzapha" injini yoyaka mkati ndikuchepetsa gwero lake (mpaka theka la nthawi yowerengedwa).

Zotsatira za sulfure pamafuta

Ndikoyenera kuganizira mwachidule funso la momwe sulfure yomwe ilipo mumafuta imakhudza injini yoyaka mkati ndi mafuta opangira mafuta. Pakalipano, kuti athetse mpweya woipa (makamaka injini za dizilo), imodzi mwa (ndipo nthawi zina zonse nthawi imodzi) imagwiritsidwa ntchito - SCR (utsi wa neutralization pogwiritsa ntchito urea) ndi EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation - mpweya wotulutsa mpweya). Chotsatiracho chimachita bwino kwambiri ndi sulfure.

Dongosolo la EGR limawongolera mipweya ina yotulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku utsi wambiri kubwerera kumalo ochulukirapo. izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu chipinda choyaka moto, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kwa mafuta osakaniza kudzakhala kochepa. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa nitrogen oxides (NO) kumachepetsedwa. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, mipweya yobwerera kuchokera ku utsi wambiri imakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, ndipo pokhudzana ndi sulfure yomwe ilipo mumafuta, imapanga sulfuric acid. Komanso, imakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pamakoma a zida za injini zoyaka moto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzimbiri, kuphatikiza ma silinda ndi ma jekeseni a unit. komanso mankhwala a sulfure omwe akubwera amachepetsa moyo wa mafuta a injini omwe akudzazidwa.

Komanso, sulfure mu mafuta amachepetsa moyo wa fyuluta. Ndipo zikachuluka, fyulutayo imalephera mwachangu. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi chakuti zotsatira za kuyaka ndi sulphate sulfure, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezereka kwa mwaye wosayaka, womwe umalowa mu fyuluta.

Zosankha zina zowonjezera

Miyezo ndi ma viscosities omwe mafuta amasankhidwa ndizomwe zimafunikira pakusankhidwa. Komabe, kuti musankhe bwino, ndi bwino kusankha mwa ICE. kutanthauza, poganizira zomwe chipikacho ndi pistoni amapangidwa, kukula kwake, kapangidwe kake ndi zina. Nthawi zambiri kusankha kumatha kupangidwa ndi mtundu wa injini yoyaka mkati.

"Masewera" ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe

Pogwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo, injini yake yoyaka mkati mwachibadwa imatha, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa zigawozo kumawonjezeka, ndipo zisindikizo za rabara zimatha kudutsa pang'onopang'ono mafuta odzola. Chifukwa chake, kwa ma ICE okhala ndi mtunda wautali, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta owoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa momwe amadzazidwira kale. Kuphatikizapo izi zidzachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. komanso, mamasukidwe akayendedwe akhoza ziwonjezeke ndi mosalekeza kuyendetsa mu mkombero m'tawuni (pa liwiro otsika).

Kumbali ina, mamasukidwe akayendedwe akhoza kuchepetsedwa (mwachitsanzo, ntchito mafuta 5W-30 m'malo analimbikitsa 5W-40) ngati galimoto nthawi zambiri amayendetsa pa liwilo lalikulu mumsewu, kapena injini kuyaka mkati ntchito pa liwiro otsika ndi katundu wopepuka (amachita osati overheat).

Chonde dziwani kuti opanga osiyanasiyana amafuta omwe ali ndi kukhuthala komweko amatha kuwonetsa zotsatira zosiyanasiyana (izi zimachitikanso chifukwa cha maziko ndi kachulukidwe). Kuyerekeza mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mafuta mu zinthu galaja, mukhoza kutenga awiri mandala muli ndi kudzaza pamwamba ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana amene ayenera kufananizidwa. Kenaka tengani mipira iwiri yofanana (kapena zinthu zina, makamaka za mawonekedwe osakanikirana) ndipo nthawi yomweyo muyimitse m'machubu okonzekera mayeso. Mafuta omwe mpira umafika pansi mofulumira amakhala ndi kukhuthala kochepa.

Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuchita zoyeserera ngati nyengo yachisanu kuti mumvetsetse momwe mafuta amayendera m'nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zambiri mafuta otsika amaundana kale pa -10 digiri Celsius.

Pali owonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe mafuta opangidwa kwa injini mkulu mtunda, monga Mobil 1 10W-60 "Mwapadera Zopangira Magalimoto 150,000 + Km", opangira injini makilomita oposa 150 zikwi.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, mafuta a viscous omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono amawonongeka. Izi ndichifukwa choti zambiri zimatsalira pamakoma a masilindala ndikuwotcha. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati pisitoni ya injini yoyaka mkati yatha kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kusintha mafuta viscous.

Mafuta okhala ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi automaker ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene gwero la injini limachepetsedwa ndi 25%. Ngati gwero latsika ndi 25 ... 75%, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kukhuthala kwake komwe kuli mtengo umodzi wapamwamba. Chabwino, ngati injini yoyaka mkati ili mumkhalidwe wokonzedweratu, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a viscous, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zomwe zimachepetsa utsi ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala chifukwa cha thickeners.

Pali mayeso malinga ndi momwe amayezera masekondi angati pa kutentha kwa zero mutatha kuyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati, mafuta a dongosolo adzafika ku camshaft. Zotsatira zake ndi izi:

• 0W-30 - 2,8 masekondi;
• 5W-40 - 8 masekondi;
• 10W-40 - 28 masekondi;
• 15W-40 - 48 mphindi

Mogwirizana ndi chidziwitso ichi, mafuta okhala ndi mamasukidwe a 10W-40 samaphatikizidwa mumafuta ofunikira pamakina ambiri amakono, makamaka omwe ali ndi ma camshafts awiri ndi masitima apamtunda odzaza valavu. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pamainjini a dizilo opopera kuchokera ku Volkswagen opangidwa June 2006 asanakwane. Pali kulekerera kowoneka bwino kwa mamasukidwe a 0W-30 ndi kulekerera kwa 506.01. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mwachitsanzo, mpaka 5W-40 m'nyengo yozizira, ma camshafts amatha kuyimitsidwa mosavuta.

Mafuta okhala ndi kukhuthala kotsika kwa 10W ndi osafunika kugwiritsa ntchito kumpoto, koma pakati ndi kum'mwera kwa dziko!

Posachedwapa, opanga magalimoto aku Asia (komanso ku Europe) ayamba kuyesa mafuta otsika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu womwewo wagalimoto ukhoza kukhala ndi kulekerera kosiyanasiyana kwamafuta. Choncho, pa msika zoweta Japanese, akhoza kukhala 5W-20 kapena 0W-20, ndi European (kuphatikizapo msika Russian) - 5W-30 kapena 5W-40. N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zikuchitika?

Point ndi kuti mamasukidwe akayendedwe amasankhidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe ndi zinthu kupanga mbali injini, ndicho kasinthidwe pistoni, kuuma mphete.. Chifukwa chake, mafuta otsika kwambiri (makina a msika waku Japan waku Japan), pisitoni imapangidwa ndi zokutira zapadera zotsutsana ndi mikangano. pisitoni imakhalanso ndi "mbiya" yosiyana, "skirt" yopindika. Komabe, izi zitha kudziwika kokha pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera.

Koma chomwe chingadziwike ndi diso (kusokoneza gulu la pisitoni) ndikuti kwa ma ICE opangira mafuta ocheperako, mphete zoponderezana zimakhala zofewa, zimaphukira pang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha kupindika ndi dzanja. Ndipo uwu siukwati wafakitale! Ponena za mphete ya mafuta opangira mafuta, amakhala ndi zolimba zocheperako, ma pistoni amakhala ndi mabowo ochepa komanso owonda. Mwachilengedwe, ngati 5W-40 kapena 5W-50 mafuta amatsanuliridwa mu injini yoteroyo, ndiye kuti mafuta sangatenthe injini mwachizolowezi, koma m'malo mwake adzalowa m'chipinda choyaka ndi zotsatira zake zonse.

Chifukwa chake, aku Japan akuyesera kupanga magalimoto awo otumiza kunja malinga ndi zofunikira za ku Europe. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pamapangidwe a injini, opangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi mafuta ochulukirapo.

kawirikawiri, kuwonjezeka kwa kukhuthala kwa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kalasi imodzi kuchokera ku zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga (mwachitsanzo, 40 m'malo mwa 30) sizimakhudza injini yoyaka mkati mwa njira iliyonse, ndipo kawirikawiri amaloledwa (pokhapokha ngati zolembazo zikunena mosiyana) .

Zofunikira zamakono za Euro IV - VI

Pogwirizana ndi zofunikira zamakono zaubwenzi wa chilengedwe, opanga magalimoto anayamba kukonzekeretsa magalimoto awo ndi makina oyeretsera gasi. Kotero, imaphatikizapo chothandizira chimodzi kapena ziwiri ndi chothandizira chachitatu (chachiwiri) m'dera la silencer (chotchedwa barium fyuluta). Komabe, lero magalimoto amenewa pafupifupi safika m'mayiko CIS, koma mbali zabwino, chifukwa, choyamba, n'zovuta kuti apeze mafuta (zidzakhala zodula kwambiri), ndipo kachiwiri, magalimoto amenewa amafuna pa khalidwe mafuta. .

Ma injini amafuta oterowo amafunikira mafuta omwewo monga injini za dizilo zokhala ndi zosefera, ndiye phulusa lotsika (Low SAPS). Choncho, ngati galimoto yanu ilibe makina osefera ovuta kwambiri, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzaza phulusa, odzaza kwambiri (pokhapokha ngati malangizowo anena momveka bwino). Popeza zodzaza phulusa zimateteza bwino injini yoyaka mkati kuti isavale!

Ma injini a dizilo okhala ndi zosefera zazing'ono

Kwa injini za dizilo zomwe zili ndi zosefera, m'malo mwake, mafuta otsika phulusa (ACEA A5 / B5) ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. izo Chofunikira chovomerezeka, palibe china chomwe chingadzazidwe! Apo ayi, fyuluta idzalephera mwamsanga. Izi zili choncho chifukwa cha mfundo ziwiri. Choyamba ndi chakuti ngati mafuta odzaza phulusa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dongosolo lokhala ndi fyuluta, fyulutayo idzatsekedwa mwamsanga, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuyaka kwa mafuta, pali mwaye wambiri wosayaka ndi phulusa, womwe umalowa m'thupi. fyuluta.

Mfundo yachiwiri ndi yakuti zina mwazinthu zomwe fyulutayo imapangidwira (zomwe ndi platinamu) sizilekerera zotsatira za kuyaka kwa mafuta a phulusa. Ndipo izi, zidzabweretsa kulephera kwachangu kwa fyuluta.

Ma Nuances a kulolerana - Kukumana kapena Kuvomerezedwa

Pamwambapa panali kale zambiri zomwe ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amtundu umene uli ndi chilolezo kuchokera kwa opanga magalimoto enieni. Komabe, pali chinyengo apa. Pali mawu awiri achingerezi - Meets and Approved. Poyamba, kampani yamafuta imanena kuti zogulitsa zake zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za mtundu wina wa makina. Koma awa ndi mawu ochokera kwa opanga mafuta, osati opanga makina konse! Mwina sakudziwa nkomwe. Ndikutanthauza, ndi mtundu waposachedwa wapagulu.

Chitsanzo cha zolembedwa zovomerezeka pa chitini

Mawu Ovomerezeka amamasuliridwa ku Chirasha monga kutsimikiziridwa, kuvomerezedwa. Ndiye kuti, anali wopanga makina omwe adayesa mayeso oyenerera a labotale ndipo adaganiza kuti mafuta enieni ndi oyenera ma ICE omwe amapanga. Ndipotu kufufuza koteroko kumawononga madola mamiliyoni ambiri, n’chifukwa chake opanga magalimoto nthawi zambiri amasunga ndalama. Kotero, mafuta amodzi okha angakhale ayesedwa, ndipo m'mabuku otsatsa malonda mungapeze zambiri zomwe mzere wonse wayesedwa. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, kufufuza zambiri ndi yosavuta. Mukungoyenera kupita ku tsamba lovomerezeka la automaker ndikupeza zambiri zamafuta ndi mtundu uti womwe uli ndi zovomerezeka zoyenera.

Opanga ma automaker aku Europe ndi apadziko lonse lapansi amayesa mafuta m'malo mwake, pogwiritsa ntchito zida za labotale ndi ukadaulo. Komano, opanga magalimoto apakhomo amatsata njira yochepetsera kukana, ndiko kuti, amangokambirana ndi opanga mafuta. Choncho, m'pofunika kukhulupirira kulolerana kwa makampani apakhomo mosamala (pofuna odana ndi malonda, sitidzatchula odziwika automaker m'nyumba ndi wina wopanga mafuta apanyumba amene amagwirizana motere).

Mafuta opulumutsa mphamvu

Mafuta otchedwa "kupulumutsa mphamvu" tsopano akupezeka pamsika. Ndiko kuti, mwachidziwitso, adapangidwa kuti asunge mafuta. Izi zimatheka ndi kuchepetsa kutentha mamasukidwe akayendedwe. Pali chizindikiro choterocho - Kutentha kwakukulu / Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa shear (HT / HS). Ndipo ndi amafuta opulumutsa mphamvu apakati pa 2,9 mpaka 3,5 MPa•s. Komabe, amadziwika kuti kuchepa mamasukidwe akayendedwe kumabweretsa osauka pamwamba chitetezo cha mbali injini kuyaka mkati. Choncho, simungathe kuwadzaza paliponse! Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma ICE omwe adapangidwira iwo mwapadera.

Mwachitsanzo, opanga magalimoto monga BMW ndi Mercedes-Benz samalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opulumutsa mphamvu. Koma opanga magalimoto ambiri ku Japan, m'malo mwake, amaumirira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, chidziwitso chowonjezera ngati ndi kotheka kudzaza mafuta opulumutsa mphamvu mu injini yoyaka moto mkati mwagalimoto yanu iyenera kupezeka m'mabuku aukadaulo kapena aukadaulo agalimoto inayake.

Kodi mungamvetse bwanji kuti awa ndi mafuta opulumutsa mphamvu pamaso panu? Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya ACEA. Kenako, mafuta amachotsedwa A1 ndi A5 a injini za petulo ndi B1 ndi B5 zamainjini a dizilo ndizopatsa mphamvu. Ena (A3, B3, B4) ndi wamba. Chonde dziwani kuti gulu la ACEA A1/B1 layimitsidwa kuyambira 2016 chifukwa limatengedwa kuti ndi lachikale. Ponena za ACEA A5 / B5, ndizoletsedwa mwachindunji kuzigwiritsa ntchito mu ma ICE amitundu ina! Zinthu ndi zofanana ndi gulu C1. Pakalipano, imatengedwa kuti ndi yachikale, ndiko kuti, siinapangidwe, ndipo ndiyosowa kwambiri kugulitsa.

Mafuta a injini ya boxer

Injini ya boxer imayikidwa pamitundu yambiri yamagalimoto amakono, mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya Japan Automaker Subaru. Galimoto ili ndi mapangidwe osangalatsa komanso apadera, kotero kusankha mafuta ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Chinthu choyamba kukumbukira - ACEA A1/A5 zopulumutsa mphamvu zamadzimadzi ndizosavomerezeka pamainjini a Subaru boxer. Izi ndichifukwa cha mapangidwe a injini, kuchuluka kwa katundu pa crankshaft, magazini yopapatiza ya crankshaft, ndi katundu wambiri pagawo la magawo. Chifukwa chake, ponena za muyezo wa ACEA, ndiye ndi bwino kudzaza mafuta ndi mtengo wa A3, ndiko kuti, kuti chiŵerengero chotchulidwa cha Kutentha Kwambiri / Kumeta ubweya wa ubweya ukhale pamwamba pa mtengo wa 3,5 MPa•s. Sankhani ACEA A3/B3 (ACEA A3/Kudzaza kwa B4 sikuvomerezedwa).

Ogulitsa ku America Subaru patsamba lawo lovomerezeka amafotokoza kuti pakakhala zovuta zoyendetsa galimoto, muyenera kusintha mafutawo pawiri pa tanki yonse yamafuta. Ngati kumwa zinyalala kupitirira lita imodzi pa 2000 makilomita, ndiye kuti diagnostics zina injini ayenera kuchitidwa.

Dongosolo la ntchito ya boxer internal combustion engine

Ponena za mamasukidwe akayendedwe, zonse zimadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa injini, komanso chitsanzo chake. Mfundo ndi yakuti injini za boxer woyamba amasiyana ndi anzawo atsopano mu kukula kwa magawo mtanda wa ngalande mafuta. Mu ma ICE akale, amakhala okulirapo, mwa atsopano, motsatana, ocheperako. Choncho, ndi osafunika kutsanulira mafuta viscous kwambiri mu boxer mkati kuyaka injini ya zitsanzo zatsopano. Zinthu zimakhala zovuta ngati pali makina opangira magetsi. Simafunikanso mafuta owoneka bwino kwambiri kuti aziziziritsa.

Choncho, mapeto akhoza kupangidwa motere: choyamba, khalani ndi chidwi ndi malingaliro a automaker. Ambiri odziwa magalimoto eni magalimoto amenewa amadzaza injini latsopano ndi mafuta ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe 0W-20 kapena 5W-30 (ndiko kuti n'zogwirizana ndi Subaru FB20 / FB25 injini). Ngati injini ali ndi mtunda mkulu kapena dalaivala amatsatira wosanganiza galimoto kalembedwe, ndi bwino kudzaza chinachake ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe 5W-40 kapena 5W-50.

Mu injini kuyaka mkati magalimoto masewera monga Subaru WRX, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kupanga.

Makina opangira mafuta

Mpaka pano, pali mazana amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini zoyatsira mkati padziko lapansi. Anthu ena amafunika kudzaza mafuta nthawi zambiri, ena nthawi zambiri. Ndipo mapangidwe a injini amakhudzanso nthawi yosinthira. Pali zambiri za mtundu wa ICE womwe "amapha" mafuta omwe adatsanuliridwa mwa iwo, chifukwa chake wokonda galimoto amakakamizika kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yoti asinthe.

Chifukwa chake, ma DVSm awa akuphatikizapo:

• Mtengo wa BMW N57S L6. atatu lita turbodiesel. Mwachangu kwambiri amakhala amchere nambala. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yosinthira mafuta imafupikitsidwa.
• BMW N63. Injini yoyaka mkatiyi nayonso, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, imawononga mwachangu madzi opaka mafuta, kutsitsa nambala yake yoyambira ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala.
• Hyundai/KIA G4FC. Injini ili ndi crankcase yaying'ono, kotero mafuta amatha msanga, nambala ya alkaline imamira, nitration ndi okosijeni zimawonekera. Nthawi yosinthira yachepetsedwa.
• Hyundai / KIA G4KD, G4KE. Pano, ngakhale kuti voliyumuyo ndi yokulirapo, pali kutayika kofulumira kwa mafuta a machitidwe ake.
• Hyundai/KIA G4ED. Zofanana ndi mfundo yapitayi.
• Mazda MZR L8. Mofanana ndi zam'mbuyomo, imayika nambala ya alkaline ndikufupikitsa nthawi yosinthira.
• Mazda SkyActiv-G 2.0L (PE-VPS). ICE iyi imagwira ntchito mozungulira Atkinson. mafuta amalowa mu crankcase, kuchititsa mafuta kutaya mamasukidwe msanga. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi yowonjezera imafupikitsidwa.
• Mitsubishi 4B12. A ochiritsira anayi yamphamvu mafuta ICE, amene Komabe, osati mwamsanga kuchepetsa m'munsi chiwerengero, komanso amalimbikitsa nitration ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Zomwezo zikhoza kunenedwa za injini zina zoyaka mkati mwa mndandanda wa 4B1x (4V10, 4V11).
• Mitsubishi 4A92... Zofanana ndi zakale.
• Mitsubishi 6B31... Zofanana ndi zakale.
• Mitsubishi 4D56. Injini ya dizilo yomwe imadzaza mafuta ndi mwaye mwachangu kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimawonjezera kukhuthala, ndipo mafuta ayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.
• Vauxhall Z18XER. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito galimoto nthawi zonse mukamayendetsa m'tawuni, ndiye kuti nambala yoyambira imatsika mofulumira.
• Subaru EJ253. Injini yoyaka mkati ndi boxer, imayika nambala yoyambira mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse mtunda wamtunda wamtunda wa makilomita 5000.
• Toyota 1NZ-FE. Anamangidwa pa dongosolo lapadera la VVT-i. Ili ndi crankcase yaying'ono yokhala ndi malita 3,7 okha. Chifukwa cha ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha mafuta makilomita 5000 aliwonse.
• Toyota 1GR-FE. Mafuta ICE V6 amachepetsanso nambala yoyambira, amalimbikitsa nitration ndi okosijeni.
• Toyota 2AZ-FE. Amapangidwanso molingana ndi dongosolo la VVT-i. Amachepetsa chiwerengero cha alkaline, amalimbikitsa nitration ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhala kuwononga kwambiri zinyalala.
• Toyota 1NZ-FXE. Yakhazikitsidwa pa Toyota Prius. Zimagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo ya Atkinson, chifukwa chake imadzaza mafuta ndi mafuta, chifukwa chake kukhuthala kwake kumachepa.
• VW 1.2 TSI CBZB. Ili ndi crankcase yokhala ndi voliyumu yaying'ono, komanso turbine. Pachifukwa ichi, chiwerengero cha alkaline chimachepetsa msanga, nitration ndi oxidation zimachitika.
• VW 1.8 TFSI CJEB. Ali ndi turbine komanso jakisoni wolunjika. Kafukufuku wa labotale awonetsa kuti injini iyi "imapha" mafuta mwachangu.

Mwachibadwa, mndandandawu sunathe, kotero ngati mukudziwa injini zina zomwe zimawononga kwambiri mafuta atsopano, tikukupemphani kuti mupereke ndemanga pa izi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ma ICE ambiri azaka za m'ma 1990 (komanso akale) amawononga mafuta moyipa. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa injini zomwe zimakwaniritsa mulingo wakale wa Euro-2 zachilengedwe.

Mafuta a magalimoto atsopano ndi ogwiritsidwa ntchito

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chikhalidwe cha galimoto yatsopano ndi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ICE ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwambiri. Koma opanga mafuta amakono amapanga mapangidwe apadera kwa iwo. Mapangidwe amakono a ICE ali ndi tinjira tating'onoting'ono tamafuta, motero amafunikira kudzazidwa ndi mafuta otsika kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, m'kupita kwa nthawi, injiniyo imatha, ndipo mipata pakati pa ziwalo zake zimawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuthira madzi owonjezera a viscous mwa iwo.

M'mizere ya opanga ambiri amakono amafuta amafuta pali mapangidwe apadera a injini zoyaka "zotopa" zamkati, zomwe ndi zomwe zili ndi mtunda wautali. Chitsanzo cha mankhwala oterowo ndi otchuka kwambiri Liqui Moly Asia-America. Amapangidwira magalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amalowa pamsika wakunyumba kuchokera ku Asia, Europe ndi America. Childs, mafuta awa ndi mkulu kinematic mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mwachitsanzo, XW-40, XW-50 ndipo ngakhale XW-60 (X ndi chizindikiro champhamvu mamasukidwe akayendedwe).

Komabe, ndi kuvala kwakukulu pa injini yoyaka mkati, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo, koma kuzindikira injini yoyaka mkati ndikuyikonza. Ndipo madzi opaka mafuta a viscous amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muyeso kwakanthawi.

Zovuta zogwirira ntchito

Pa zitini za mtundu wina (mitundu) ya mafuta agalimoto pali mawu - kwa injini zoyaka mkati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovuta. Komabe, si madalaivala onse omwe amadziwa zomwe zili pangozi. Chifukwa chake, zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito motere ndi:

• kuyendetsa m'mapiri kapena m'misewu yoyipa m'malo ovuta;
• kukoka magalimoto ena kapena ngolo;
• kuyendetsa galimoto pafupipafupi m'misewu yapamsewu, makamaka m'nyengo yofunda;
• gwirani ntchito mothamanga kwambiri (pa 4000 ... 5000 rpm) kwa nthawi yayitali;
• masewera oyendetsa galimoto (kuphatikiza mu "masewera" mode pa kufala basi);
• kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto kumalo otentha kwambiri kapena ozizira kwambiri;
• kuyendetsa galimoto poyenda mtunda waufupi popanda kutenthetsa mafuta (makamaka kutentha kwa mpweya woipa);
• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika a octane/cetane;
• kukonza (kukakamiza) injini zoyatsira mkati;
• kutsetsereka kwa nthawi yayitali;
• kuchepa kwa mafuta m'thupi;
• kuyenda kwanthawi yayitali motsagana ndi kudzuka (kuzizira bwino kwa injini).

Ngati makinawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo ovuta kwambiri, ndiye kuti akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a petulo ndi chiwerengero cha octane cha 98, ndi mafuta a dizilo omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha cetane cha 51. Ponena za mafuta, atatha kuzindikira momwe injini yoyaka moto ikuyendera ( ndipo makamaka ngati pali zizindikiro za ntchito ya injini muzovuta ) ndizoyenera kusinthira ku mafuta opangidwa mokwanira, komabe, kukhala ndi kalasi yapamwamba ya API, koma ndi kukhuthala komweko. Komabe, ngati injini kuyaka mkati ali mtunda kwambiri, mamasukidwe akayendedwe akhoza kumwedwa kalasi apamwamba (mwachitsanzo, m'malo mwa kale ntchito SAE 0W-30, mukhoza tsopano kudzaza SAE 0 / 5W-40). Koma mu nkhani iyi, muyenera kuchepetsa pafupipafupi mafuta kusintha.

Pambuyo makilomita angati kusintha mafuta mu injini kuyaka mkati

Nthawi yosinthira mafuta a injini iyenera kuganiziridwa potengera momwe amagwirira ntchito, mtunda wamagalimoto, kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zinthu 7. pafupipafupi 8-12 Km. chizindikiro chonse Werengani zambiri

 

Chonde dziwani kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amakono a viscosity otsika mu ma ICE omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta sikoyenera nthawi zonse (makamaka ngati mafuta otsika akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo nthawi yosinthira mafuta yadutsa). Mwachitsanzo, mafuta a ACEA A5 / B5 amachepetsa gwero lonse la injini yoyatsira mkati mukamagwira ntchito pamafuta am'nyumba otsika kwambiri (mafuta a dizilo). Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuwona kwa injini za dizilo za Volvo zokhala ndi jakisoni wamba wanjanji. Chiwopsezo chawo chonse chikutsika ndi theka.

Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungunula mosavuta SAE 0W-30 ACEA A5 / B5 m'maiko a CIS (makamaka ndi dizilo ICE), pali vuto lofananalo, lomwe ndilakuti m'malo a Soviet pali malo ocheperako mafuta omwe mumapeza. akhoza kudzaza mafuta apamwamba a Euro standard -5. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti mafuta amakono otsika amakasitomala amaphatikizidwa ndi mafuta otsika kwambiri, izi zimapangitsa kuti mafutawo asungunuke kwambiri komanso mafuta ambiri azinyalala. Chifukwa cha izi, njala yamafuta ya injini yoyatsira mkati ndi kuwonongeka kwake kwakukulu kumatha kuwonedwa.

kotero, njira yabwino kwambiri pankhaniyi ingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini ya phulusa Low SAPs - ACEA C4 ndi Mid SAPs - ACEA C3 kapena C5, viscosity SAE 0W-30 ndi SAE 0W-40 yama injini amafuta ndi SAE 0 / 5W- 40 yamainjini a dizilo okhala ndi tinthu tosefera ngati titagwiritsa ntchito mafuta apamwamba kwambiri. Kufanana ndi izi, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta amafuta ndi mafuta a injini, komanso fyuluta ya mpweya (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti, kawiri kawiri monga momwe ikuwonetsedwera pamayendedwe agalimoto ku European Union).

Choncho, mu Russian Federation ndi mayiko ena pambuyo Soviet, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito sing'anga ndi otsika phulusa mafuta ndi ACEA C3 ndi C4 specifications osakaniza mafuta Euro-5. Mwanjira imeneyi, ndizotheka kuchepetsa kuvala kwa zinthu za gulu la cylinder-piston ndi makina opangira, komanso kusunga pisitoni ndi mphete zoyera.

Mafuta a injini ya turbo

Kwa injini yoyaka mkati ya turbocharged, mafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyana pang'ono ndi "aspirated" wamba. Ganizirani za nkhaniyi posankha mafuta a injini yoyaka yamkati ya TSI, yopangidwa ndi VAG yamitundu ina ya Volkswagen ndi Skoda. Awa ndi injini zamafuta okhala ndi mapasa a turbocharging ndi dongosolo la jakisoni wamafuta "wosanjikiza".

Ndikoyenera kuzindikira. kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya ma ICE okhala ndi voliyumu ya malita 1 mpaka 3, komanso mibadwo ingapo. Kusankha mafuta a injini mwachindunji kumadalira izi. Mibadwo yoyamba inali ndi kulekerera kochepa (ndiko 502/505), ndipo injini yachiwiri (yotulutsidwa kuchokera ku 2013 ndi mtsogolo) ili kale ndi 504/507 kulolerana.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mafuta otsika phulusa (Low SAPS) angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mafuta apamwamba (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta ku mayiko a CIS). Apo ayi, chitetezo cha mbali za injini kuchokera kumbali ya mafuta chimachepetsedwa kukhala "ayi". Kusiya tsatanetsatane, tikhoza kunena izi: ngati mukutsimikiza kuti mukutsanulira mafuta abwino mu thanki, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta omwe ali ndi zivomerezo 504/507 (zowona, ngati izi sizikutsutsana ndi malangizo a wopanga. ). Ngati mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito si abwino kwambiri (kapena simukudziwa), ndiye kuti ndi bwino kudzaza mafuta osavuta komanso otsika mtengo 502/505.

Ponena za mamasukidwe akayendedwe, ndikofunikira kuti mupitilize kutengera zomwe wopanga amapangira. Nthawi zambiri, madalaivala zoweta amadzaza injini kuyaka mkati magalimoto awo ndi mafuta mamasukidwe akayendedwe 5W-30 ndi 5W-40. Osathira mafuta okhuthala kwambiri (okhala ndi kukhuthala kwapamwamba kwa 40 kapena kupitilira apo) mu injini yoyaka mkati mwa turbocharged. Kupanda kutero, makina ozizira a turbine adzasweka.

Kusankha kwamafuta a injini zama injini oyatsira mkati pa gasi

Madalaivala ambiri amakonzekeretsa magalimoto awo ndi zida za LPG kuti asunge mafuta. Komabe, si onse amene akudziwa kuti ngati galimoto imayendetsa mafuta a gasi, ndiye kuti pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira posankha mafuta a injini kwa injini yoyaka mkati mwake.

Kutentha Kusiyanasiyana. Mafuta ambiri a injini omwe opanga awo amati ndi abwino kwa ma ICE omwe amawotchedwa ndi gasi amakhala ndi kutentha kwapakatikati. Ndipo mfundo yaikulu yogwiritsira ntchito mafuta apadera ndi yakuti gasi amayaka pa kutentha kwakukulu kuposa mafuta. Ndipotu, kutentha kwa mpweya wa mafuta mu mpweya ndi pafupifupi +2000 ... + 2500 ° С, methane - +2050 ... + 2200 ° С, ndi propane-butane - +2400 ... + 2700 ° С.

Choncho, eni eni a galimoto ya propane-butane okha ayenera kudandaula za kutentha. Ndipo ngakhale pamenepo, zenizeni, injini zoyaka mkati sizimafika kutentha kwakukulu, makamaka mosalekeza. Mafuta abwino amatha kuteteza tsatanetsatane wa injini yoyaka mkati. Ngati muli ndi HBO yoyikiratu methane, ndiye kuti palibe chodetsa nkhawa konse.

Phulusa lazinthu. Chifukwa chakuti mpweya umayaka pa kutentha kwakukulu, pali chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha carbon deposits pa ma valve. Sitingathe kunena ndendende kuchuluka kwa phulusa, chifukwa zimatengera zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu wamafuta ndi mafuta a injini. Komabe, zikhale choncho, kwa ICE yokhala ndi LPG ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini otsika. Iwo ali ndi zolembedwa pa canister za kulolerana kwa ACEA C4 (mungagwiritsenso ntchito phulusa lapakati C5) kapena zolemba za Low SAPS. Pafupifupi opanga onse odziwika bwino amafuta amagalimoto amakhala ndi mafuta otsika phulusa pamzere wawo.

Gulu ndi kulolerana. Ngati mufananiza mafotokozedwe ndi kulolerana kwa opanga magalimoto pazitini zamafuta otsika phulusa ndi mafuta apadera "gasi", mudzawona kuti ali ofanana kapena ofanana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kwa ma ICE omwe amagwira ntchito pa methane kapena pa propane-butane, ndizokwanira kutsatira izi:

• ACEA C3 kapena apamwamba (mafuta otsika phulusa);
• API SN / CF (Komabe, pankhaniyi, simungayang'ane kulolerana kwa America, chifukwa malinga ndi gulu lawo palibe mafuta otsika phulusa, koma "phulusa lapakatikati" - Middle SAPS);
• BMW Longlife-04 (posankha, pakhoza kukhala kuvomereza kwina kulikonse kofananako).

Choyipa chachikulu chamafuta otsika "gasi" ndi mtengo wawo wapamwamba. Komabe, posankha mtundu umodzi kapena wina wa mtundu wake, muyenera kukumbukira kuti palibe chomwe muyenera kutsitsa kalasi yamafuta omwe akudzazidwa poyerekeza ndi omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga magalimoto.

Kwa ma ICE apadera omwe amagwira ntchito pa gasi (palibe gawo la petulo mwa iwo), kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a "gasi" ndikofunikira. Zitsanzo ndi injini zoyatsira zamkati zamitundu ina ya ma forklift a nyumba yosungiramo katundu kapena ma mota a majenereta amagetsi omwe amayendera gasi.

Nthawi zambiri, posintha mafuta a "gasi", madalaivala amawona kuti ali ndi mthunzi wopepuka kuposa mafuta opaka mafuta. Izi zili choncho chifukwa gasi ali ndi zonyansa zochepa poyerekeza ndi mafuta. Komabe izi sizikutanthauza kuti mafuta "gasi" ayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi! M'malo mwake, chifukwa chakuti zida zolimba zomwe zatchulidwa mu gasi ndizochepa, ndiye kuti zowonjezera zotsukira zimagwira ntchito yawo bwino. Koma ponena za kupanikizika kwakukulu ndi zowonjezera zoletsa kuvala, zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi pamene injini yoyaka mkati imayendera mafuta. Iwo samangowonetsa kuvala mowoneka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yosinthira mafuta pa gasi ndi petulo imakhalabe yofanana! kotero, kuti musamalipire mafuta apadera "gasi", mutha kugula mnzake wa phulusa lotsika ndi kulolerana koyenera.