Kodi chipika chopanda phokoso ndi chiyani komanso momwe chiyenera kusinthidwa
M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za gawo losavuta komanso losawoneka bwino lotchedwa silent block. Ngakhale kuti alipo ambiri m’galimoto, samadziŵika msanga ndi maso osaphunzitsidwa, makamaka akakhala ndi dothi. Ndipo kwa ena, ngakhale liwu loti "silent block" lingakhale latsopano. Komabe, mwatsatanetsatane izi ndi zofunika kwambiri.
Chotchinga chopanda phokoso chimakhala ndi zitsulo ziwiri - zakunja ndi zamkati, zomwe zotanuka zimapanikizidwa ndi vulcanization - nthawi zambiri mphira kapena polyurethane. Zotsatira zake ndi hinge ya raba-zitsulo (RMH). Izi zimachitika kuti guluu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo mphira zitsulo. Chifukwa cha gawo ili, ndizotheka kugwirizanitsa zinthu zoyendayenda m'njira yoti sipadzakhala kukangana kwachitsulo ndi zitsulo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sipadzakhala creaking ndi vibrations, ndipo mafuta sikudzafunika.
Kunena zowona, chipika chopanda phokoso ndi vuto lapadera la hinge-zitsulo zachitsulo (RMH). Mu RMSH wamba, kuthekera kwa kutsetsereka kwa zigawozo kumalephereka kukoka mphira wa rabara pazitsulo zachitsulo kapena kuponderezedwa kwake kwa radial ndi mtundu wakunja. Ndi katundu wochuluka kapena kukhudzana ndi zovuta zakunja, kusasunthika kwapakati kumatha kusweka, ndiyeno mumatha kumva kamvekedwe ka mphira kachitsulo.
Chifukwa cha ukadaulo wapadera wokwera, chipilala chopanda phokoso chimapulumutsidwa kuzinthu zotere, chifukwa chake dzina la gawoli linachokera, chifukwa "chete" mu Chingerezi amatanthauza "chete". Chotchinga chopanda phokoso chimaphwanya "lumbiriro lakukhala chete" nthawi imodzi - pomwe choyikapo chotanuka chimang'ambika.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chipangizo choterocho chinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto awo ndi Chrysler kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30 za zaka zapitazo. Poyamba, RMSh idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa injini yoyaka mkati. Koma lingalirolo linakhala lopambana kotero kuti posakhalitsa mahinji ogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo ndi labala anayamba kuikidwa pamakina ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana. Pang'onopang'ono, RMS idasamukira kunjira zina zamagalimoto ndi mafakitale.
Ubwino wa hinges wotere ndi wowonekera:
- kusowa kukangana ndi kufunikira kwa mafuta;
- kusinthasintha kwapangidwe;
luso kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi phokoso;
- kukhazikika ndi kusintha kosafunikira pakugwira ntchito pakapita nthawi;
- palibe chifukwa chokonzekera;
- dothi, mchenga ndi dzimbiri sizowopsa ku mphira.
midadada mwakachetechete anabwera makamaka imathandiza polumikiza kusuntha zigawo za kuyimitsidwa. Ngakhale pano adadzikhazikitsa okha ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo pakupanga zinthu zambiri kumafuna kufufuza kwakukulu ndi chitukuko kuti mupeze njira zabwino kwambiri zomata zitsulo ndi mphira ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zopangira vulcanization.
M'galimoto yamakono, mungapeze mbali zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsulo ndi mphira, koma sizinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala chete. Mwachitsanzo, zotchedwa "zoyandama" midadada chete si RMSH konse - mwa mapangidwe iwo ndi olowa mpira. Palibe zotanuka pazida zawo, ndipo mphira umangoteteza ku dothi kulowa mkati ndikutuluka mafuta.
Malo akuluakulu a midadada opanda phokoso ndi awa, amatumikira makamaka kugwirizanitsa levers.
Kuphatikiza apo, midadada yopanda phokoso imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukweza, matabwa oyimitsidwa kumbuyo, komanso mkati.
RMSH imakulolani kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka ndi phokoso pakuyika injini yoyaka mkati, bokosi la gear ndi zida zina zamakina.
Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso kulimba kwa ntchito zotchinga zopanda phokoso zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mtundu wa zinthu zotanuka zomwe zili pakati pa zitsulo zachitsulo.
Chotsatira chabwino kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphira wachilengedwe wokhala ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapereka ntchito yomwe mukufuna. Panthawi ya vulcanization, mphira imasandulika kukhala mphira ndipo imapereka kumatira kodalirika kwachitsulo.
Posachedwapa, nthawi zambiri pali RMS, momwe polyurethane kapena kusakaniza kwake ndi mphira amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Polyurethane ndi yamphamvu kuposa mphira ndipo imakalamba pang'onopang'ono. Imalekerera chisanu choopsa bwino, pamene mphira ukhoza kusweka ndikukhala wosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Imalimbana ndi mafuta ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatha kuwononga mphira. Pazifukwa izi zokha, tchire la polyurethane liyenera kukhala lalitali kuposa anzawo a mphira. Osachepera mwangongole.
Komabe, vuto la polyurethane ndilokuti ambiri mwa magiredi ake sapereka kumamatira kokwanira kuzitsulo. Ngati muli ndi chipika chopanda phokoso cha polyurethane, zotsatira zake zitha kukhala kutsetsereka kwa choyikapo chotchinga chonyamula. Creak idzawoneka, koma kawirikawiri, kugwira ntchito kwa hinge yotere sikungakhale kwabwino monga momwe timafunira.
Ngati mumayendetsa galimoto modekha ndikupewa misewu yoyipa, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kudutsa ndi mahinji a rabara.
Ngati ndinu okonda kuyendetsa galimoto ndipo simukusamala kwambiri za misewu, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyesa midadada yopanda phokoso ya polyurethane. Malingana ndi oyendetsa galimoto ambiri, galimotoyo imayendetsedwa bwino ndi iwo, kugwedeza ndi kugwedezeka kumachepetsedwa bwino. Ngakhale pali omwe ali ndi malingaliro osiyana, akukhulupirira kuti midadada yopanda phokoso yokhala ndi polyurethane imayika sizodalirika komanso imakhala yochepa kuposa ya rabara. Mwinamwake, zonsezi ndi zolondola, ndipo zonse zimadalira mphamvu za polyurethane zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso ubwino wa ntchito ya gawolo.
Mwadzina, midadada mwakachetechete nthawi zambiri ayenera kupirira mtunda wa makilomita 100 zikwi. Pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino, RMS yabwino imatha "kudutsa" 200. Chabwino, muzowona zathu, ndi bwino kuti tidziwe za malo opanda phokoso pambuyo pa kuthamanga kwa 50 ... 60 makilomita zikwi, kapena nthawi zambiri ngati galimotoyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta.
Chepetsani moyo wa RMSH kukweza monyanyira mgalimoto, kachitidwe kakuthwa koyendetsa, obwera pafupipafupi pa liwiro lalikulu pa zopinga monga maenje, njanji, mipiringidzo, mabampu othamanga. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha ndi kukhudzana ndi zinthu zaukali kumawononga mphira.
Kuti muwone momwe ma hinges alili, muyenera kuyendetsa mu dzenje loyang'anira kapena kukweza galimotoyo pamtunda. Kenako, ziwalozo ziyenera kutsukidwa kuchokera ku dothi ndikuwunika mosamala. Pasakhale ming'alu, kusweka, delaminations kapena kutupa kwa labala, apo ayi chipika chopanda phokoso chiyenera kusinthidwa.
Komanso, chifukwa chachikulu cha kusintha kwachangu kudzakhala kubwereranso pampando. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti mpandowo posachedwapa udzasweka kotero kuti zidzakhala zosatheka kukanikiza hinge yatsopano. Ndiye muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama osati pa chipika chete, komanso pa gawo limene anaika. Mukayamba kumva kugogoda, yang'anani nthawi yomweyo mahinji ndi zomangira. Ndiye, mwinamwake, mudzapewa kukulitsa vutolo pamlingo waukulu kwambiri.
Mosalunjika, khalidwe la galimoto pa msewu akhoza kulankhula za mavuto ndi midadada chete. Pakhoza kukhala kuchedwa poyankha kutembenuza chiwongolero ndikusiya galimoto kumbali, makamaka pa liwiro lalikulu.
Chizindikiro china cha midadada ovala chete ndi kuchuluka kwa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka mu kuyimitsidwa.
Kulephera kukhala chete midadada kumabweretsa kusintha kwa malo. Chotsatira chake, kusinthasintha kwa magudumu kumasokonekera, zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimatha kuwonedwa ngakhale ndi maso - mawilo ali m'nyumba. Ndipo magudumu osweka, nawonso, amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa matayala.
Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zizindikirozi zingakhale ndi zifukwa zina. Kuti mudziwe zolondola, ndi bwino kulumikizana ndi oyang'anira magalimoto.
midadada mwakachetechete, kupatula zitsanzo collapsible, si kukonzedwa - kokha m'malo. Nthawi zambiri pali mbali, mwachitsanzo, kuyimitsidwa mikono, momwe hinge ndi gawo lofunikira la kapangidwe kake. ndiye, ngati sizikuyenda bwino, muyenera kusintha gawo lonselo.
Zogulitsa Zimachitika kuti mutha kupeza ma bushings okonza ma block opanda phokoso. Kutulutsidwa kwa zida zosinthira zoterezi kumangoyang'aniridwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kugwira ntchito pa oyendetsa galimoto osadziwa komanso opusa. Chifukwa hinge yobwezeretsedwa mwanjira iyi sizabwino. Sichilimbana ndi katunduyo ndipo mwamsanga chimalephera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo chimaswa mpando.
Kwa apamwamba m'malo midadada mwakachetechete, zida wamba sizingakhale zokwanira. Kukanikiza ndi kukanikiza kumafunika zokoka zapadera, mandrels, nkhonya ndi zina. Zowona, m'manja mwaluso, nyundo ndi chidutswa cha chitoliro cha m'mimba mwake moyenerera zimatha kuchita zodabwitsa, koma chiopsezo chowononga hinge kapena kuswa mpando ndi waukulu kwambiri. Ndizotheka kugula zida zapadera ndi zida, koma mtengo wake nthawi zambiri umakhala woti kukonza pamalo opangira magalimoto kungakhale kotsika mtengo.
Mulimonsemo, kuti musinthe midadada mwakachetechete paokha, mudzafunika zinachitikira, makamaka pankhani kukonza unit mphamvu kapena gearbox - ndi bwino kugawira ntchito yovuta komanso nthawi yambiri zimango oyenerera.
Ngati mwasankhabe kugwira ntchitoyo nokha, muyenera kukumbukira izi:
Kukhazikika kwa chipika chopanda phokoso kumatha kusiyanasiyana mozungulira ma radius, muzochitika zotere pamakhala zizindikiro zokwera pathupi lake. Mukayika, muyenera kuyenda nawo kapena ndi zinthu zina zowoneka bwino.
Pakuyika, musagwiritse ntchito mafuta kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingawononge kuyika kwa RMSH.
Popeza chipilala chopanda phokoso sichiri cha zinthu zotanuka za kuyimitsidwa, m'pofunika kusiyanitsa katundu wake mumtundu wa magalimoto ambiri. Choncho, kumangitsa midadada mwakachetechete kuyenera kuchitika pamene makina ali pansi ndi mawilo ake, osati kuyimitsidwa pa lift.
Popeza midadada yatsopano mwakachetechete mosakayika kusintha ngodya mawilo, pambuyo kusintha iwo, m'pofunika kusintha mayikidwe.
Kuti musataye midadada mwakachetechete pasadakhale, ndikwanira kutsatira malamulo osavuta.
Yendetsani mosamala, gonjetsani maenje ndi zopinga zosiyanasiyana pa liwiro lochepera.
Yesetsani kuti musachulukitse kuyimitsidwa, musapachike mawilo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pewani kusinthasintha kwakukulu koyimitsidwa, makamaka nyengo yozizira.
Osatenthetsa RMS, osapatula kukhudzana ndi zinthu zaukali.
Nthawi ndi nthawi muzitsuka midadada mwakachetechete, chifukwa fumbi lomwe lalowa mu microcracks limathandizira kuti mphira kapena polyurethane avale mwachangu.
