Kulephera kwa chiwongolero. Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka ndi kukonza

Kuyendetsa chitonthozo ndi chitetezo pamsewu zimadalira ntchito yabwino ya chiwongolero cha galimotoyo. Choncho, kwa woyendetsa aliyense sizingakhale zosafunika kumvetsa mfundo zazikulu za kachitidwe chiwongolero ndi kudziwa chochita ngati zofooka zina zimachitika mmenemo.

Malo apakati mu dongosolo lino amakhala ndi chiwongolero chowongolera.

Makina opangira rack ndi pinion akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza mawilo agalimoto. Ndipo ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse ikuyengedwa ndi kukonzedwa, zofunikira za ntchito yake yonse zimakhala zofanana.

Kutembenuza chiwongolero cha chiwongolero kukhala kuzungulira kwa mawilo, mfundo ya mphutsi ya nyongolotsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene dalaivala akutembenukira chiwongolero, iye potero atembenuza galimoto zida (mphutsi), amene meshes ndi choyikapo.

Kutengera momwe chiwongolerocho chikuyendera, choyikapo giya chimasunthira kumanzere kapena kumanja ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo zolumikizidwa nazo, amatembenuza mawilo akutsogolo.

Choyikapo mano chimayikidwa mu nyumba ya cylindrical (crankcase), yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu yowunikira ndipo imamangiriridwa ku chassis yagalimoto yofananira ndi ekseli yakutsogolo.Ndodo zimakhomeredwa ku njanji mbali zonse ziwiri. Ndi ndodo zachitsulo zolumikizana ndi mpira komanso mbali ya njanji ya ulusi. Pamapeto ena a ndodo pali ulusi wakunja wopopera pansonga. Chiwongolerocho chimakhala ndi ulusi wamkati kumbali imodzi, ndi cholumikizira mpira kumbali ina kuti chilumikizidwe ndi chowongolera.Chomangira ndodo chozungulira ndi choyikapo chimatetezedwa ku dothi ndi chinyezi ndi nsapato ya rabara.

Komanso pakupanga makina owongolera pakhoza kukhala chinthu china - damper. Makamaka, imayikidwa pa ma SUV ambiri kuti achepetse kugwedezeka pa chiwongolero. Damper imayikidwa pakati pa chipinda chowongolera ndi cholumikizira.

Zida zoyendetsera galimoto zimayikidwa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa chiwongolero, kumbali ina yomwe ili ndi chiwongolero. Kulimba kofunikira kwa zida zopangira rack kumaperekedwa ndi akasupe.

Chiwongolero chowongolera makina kuti chiwongoleredwe chimafunikira kulimbikira kwambiri, kotero sichinagwiritsidwe ntchito mwanjira yake yoyera kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zina, vutoli limathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina otchedwa mapulaneti, omwe amakulolani kusintha chiŵerengero cha gear pagalimoto.

Kuwongolera mphamvu kumathandizira kuchepetsa kwambiri kutopa pakuyendetsa. Iyi ndi njira yotsekedwa yamtundu wa hydraulic, yomwe imaphatikizapo thanki yowonjezera, pampu yokhala ndi galimoto yamagetsi, chipika cha hydraulic cylinders, distributor ndi hoses. Silinda ya hydraulic yomwe imatha kupangitsa kupanikizika mbali zonse ziwiri imatha kupangidwa ngati chinthu chosiyana, koma nthawi zambiri imayikidwa m'nyumba zowongolera.Kutsika kofunikira kofunikira muzitsulo kumapangidwa ndi spool yolamulira yomwe ili muzitsulo zowongolera ndikuchitapo kanthu pa kuzungulira kwa shaft. Pistoni ya silinda ya hydraulic imakankhira njanji kunjira yomwe mwapatsidwa. Motero, kuyesayesa kwakuthupi kofunikira kutembenuza chiwongolero kumachepetsedwa.

Chiwongolero chowongolera ma hydraulic chimayikidwa pamagalimoto ambiri opangidwa lero.

Thandizo lina lomwe limapangitsa kuti dalaivala aziwongolera mosavuta ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi (EPS). Imakhala ndi injini yoyatsira mkati yamagetsi, chipangizo chowongolera zamagetsi (ECU), komanso ma sensor owongolera ndi torque.Udindo wa pafupi ndi njanji umaseweredwa pano ndi injini yoyaka mkati mwamagetsi, yomwe ntchito yake imayendetsedwa ndi ECU. Mphamvu yofunikira imawerengedwa ndi gawo lowongolera potengera zomwe zalandilidwa kuchokera ku masensa.

Njira yoyendetsera ndi EUR yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwa, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti ili ndi chiyembekezo chabwino. Ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso ophatikizika. Chifukwa chosowa madzi ndi mpope, zimakhala zosavuta kuzisamalira. Zimakuthandizani kuti musunge mafuta, popeza injini yoyaka mkati imayatsa pokhapokha pozungulira chiwongolero, mosiyana ndi yomwe imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Nthawi yomweyo, EUR imanyamula kwambiri ma netiweki amagetsi omwe ali pa bolodi ndipo ili ndi mphamvu zochepa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito ma SUV olemera ndi magalimoto.

Dongosolo lowongolera nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito modalirika komanso limatha nthawi yayitali. Komabe, monga mbali ina iliyonse yagalimoto, chowongolera ndi mbali zofananira zimatha kung'ambika mwachilengedwe. Posakhalitsa, kuwonongeka kumachitika mu chiwongolero. Njirayi imafulumizitsidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino ka galimoto, kugwira ntchito m'misewu yoipa, komanso malo osayenera osungiramo zinthu, mwachitsanzo, m'chipinda chonyowa kapena panja, kumene mwayi wa dzimbiri ndi wapamwamba. Moyo wautumiki ungathenso kuchepetsedwa poyambira kusamanga bwino kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolakwika.

Zizindikiro zina zimatha kuchenjeza za kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike. Zomwe ziyenera kukhudzidwa:

• tembenuzani chiwongolero ndi khama lalikulu;
• pamene chiwongolero chitembenuzidwira, phokoso limveka;
• poyenda, kugogoda kapena rattle kumamveka m'dera la chitsulo cha kutsogolo, pamene mukuyendetsa mabampu, kugwedezeka kumamveka pa chiwongolero;
• kutayikira kwamadzimadzi ogwirira ntchito, mawonekedwe ake amatha kuwoneka pa asphalt pambuyo poyimitsa;
• chiwongolero chili ndi sewero;
• kupanikizana kwa chiwongolero;
• boot yolakwika pa tayi ndodo.

Ngati pali chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwazi, muyenera kuyamba mwamsanga kukonza chiwongolero. Musadikire mpaka chiwongolero chokwera mtengo chikalephera. Ngati muyankha mu nthawi, ndiye, mwinamwake, chirichonse chidzawononga ndalama mwa kusintha magawo ochepa otsika mtengo kuchokera ku zida zokonzekera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mayendedwe, tchire, zisindikizo za mafuta, o-mphete. Kukonzekera kotereku kulipo podzipangira nokha, koma dzenje lowonera kapena kukweza ndikofunikira.

Chiwongolero chovuta kutembenuka

Mkhalidwe wabwinobwino, injini ikugwira ntchito, chiwongolero chimasinthasintha mosavuta ndi chala chimodzi. Ngati mukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuyesayesa kowoneka kuti musinthe, ndiye kuti pali vuto ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi kapena pampu yowongolera mphamvu yalephera. Madzi amatha kutuluka ndipo mpweya ukhoza kulowa mu hydraulic system. M'pofunikanso kuzindikira umphumphu ndi kukanika kwa pampu pagalimoto lamba.

Kuonjezera apo, chiwongolero "cholemera" chikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha ntchito yolakwika ya spool kapena annular kuvala mkati mwa wogawa.

Kuvala kwa annular kumachitika chifukwa cha kukangana kwa mphete za Teflon za koyilo ya spool motsutsana ndi khoma lamkati la nyumba yogawa. Nthawi yomweyo, mizere imawonekera pang'onopang'ono pakhoma. Chifukwa cha kutayirira kwa mphete kumakoma, kuthamanga kwa mafuta mu dongosolo kumatsika, komwe kumabweretsa kulemera kwa chiwongolero. Ndizotheka kuthetsa kusweka pobowola khoma lamkati ndikukankhira mu manja amkuwa oyenera miyeso ya makina a spool.

Ndikosatheka kupewa kuvala mphete, koma ngati mumayang'anira ukhondo wamadzimadzi, kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi ndikutsuka makina a hydraulic, mutha kukulitsa moyo wagawoli. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chitukukochi chimathandizidwa kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa tchipisi tachitsulo, zomwe zimawoneka mumafuta chifukwa cha kukangana kwa magawo omwe amalumikizana.

Kufufuza molondola ndi kukonza chiwongolero cha mphamvu kumafuna kusokoneza chiwongolero, kotero ngati pali kukayikira kwa kuwonongeka kwa chiwongolero chamagetsi, muyenera kulankhulana ndi galimoto. Ndipo ndi bwino kuyang'ana amisiri odziwa ntchito.

Kugogoda

Poyendetsa galimoto, ngakhale mumsewu wosasweka kwambiri kapena pamitundu ina yamisewu (zinyalala, miyala yamwala), ndipo ngakhale kuwoloka njanji, kugogoda kumamveka bwino kutsogolo kwa galimoto kumanzere, kumanja kapena pakati. . Pamenepa, kusewera kwa chiwongolero ndi kugwedezeka kwa chiwongolero nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa.

Chizindikiro choterocho sichiyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Ndipo si zonse zokhudza kusapeza bwino. Ikagogoda, ndiye kuti chinachake chamasuka penapake, chatha. Kuchinyalanyaza kumangowonjezera zinthu ndipo potsirizira pake kungalepheretse chiwongolero chonse. Choncho, munthu sayenera kuzengereza kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa kusweka koteroko.

Kugogoda kungayambitsidwe ndi zothyoka zothyoka, zomangira ndodo, kapena zowongolerera. Hinge yotayirira ya nsonga kapena ndodo imatha kugogoda. Kunyamula pansi pa wogawa, komwe tsinde lowongolera limazungulira, lingathenso kusweka. Ngati mutachotsa njanji kwathunthu, ndiye kuti sizingakhale zovuta kuzindikira chinthu cholakwika. Zinthu zowonongeka ziyenera kusinthidwa.

China chomwe chingayambitse kugogoda ndi kusiyana pakati pa nyongolotsi ndi choyikapo, chomwe chimawoneka chifukwa cha kuvala. Mutha kuyesa kulimbitsa, koma ngati pali kuvala kwakukulu, kusinthako sikungapereke zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, ndiyeno muyenera kusintha.

Kugogoda ndi kumamatira kwa chiwongolero kumathekanso chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa chiwongolero chifukwa cha zotsatira zake. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kusinthidwa.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zina zitha kugogoda chimodzimodzi, makamaka,. Choncho, ngati chirichonse chiri mu dongosolo ndi chiwongolero, ndipo pali kugogoda, matenda.

Hum ndi phokoso

Kung'ung'udza kumachokera pampopi yowongolera mphamvu, yomwe ili pamiyendo yake yomaliza ndipo iyenera kusinthidwa. Kapena lamba woyendetsa pampu ndi womasuka. Komanso, muyenera kudziwa ngati pali kutayikira madzimadzi. Chizindikirochi nthawi zambiri chimatsagana ndi chiwongolero "cholemera".

Mu dongosolo lomwe lili ndi chowongolera chamagetsi, injini yoyaka mkati mwa EUR imatha kung'ung'udza.

Ngati, potembenuza chiwongolero, mumamva phokoso, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro cha chiwongolero cha chiwongolero kapena kunyamula kwa wogawa. Kunyamula mu nkhaniyi kuyenera kusinthidwa, chitsulo chowongolera chikhoza kukhala mchenga ngati pali dzimbiri pang'ono. Ngati dzimbiri zawononga kwambiri wogawayo, ziyenera kusinthidwa.

Madzi amakhetsa msanga

Ngati nthawi zonse mumayenera kuwonjezera madzimadzi ku nkhokwe ya hydraulic system, zikutanthauza kuti pali kutayikira kwinakwake. Ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire kukhulupirika kwa ma hoses, kuzindikira ndikusintha zisindikizo zowonongeka ndi zisindikizo mu njanji, mpope ndi wogawa. Kuvala zisindikizo zamafuta ndi mphete za O kumachitika mwachibadwa chifukwa cha kukangana kwa magawo osuntha ndi zotsatira za kupanikizika ndi kutentha. Njira ya mavalidwe awo imadziwika kuti imathandizira ndi dzimbiri pazigawo za njanji, zomwe zimatha kuwoneka chifukwa cha chinyezi chomwe chimalowa mu anther wong'ambika.

Chiwongolero chikukakamira

Kulephera kotereku kungayambitsidwe ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Kuti muzindikire, kuthetseratu vuto la chiwongolero pagalimoto yamagalimoto ndikofunikira. N'zotheka kuti zinthu zafika pamlingo wovuta kwambiri, choncho kukonzanso kuyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga.

vuto la anther

Kuti mudziwe momwe anthers alili, muyenera kuyang'ana pansi pa galimoto. Anther si nthano chabe. Ngakhale mng'alu wawung'ono ungayambitse kutayika kwa mafuta ndi kulowa kwa dothi ndi madzi mu swivel. Zotsatira zake, pakapita nthawi, padzakhala kofunikira kuti musinthe chiwongolerocho kapena chiwongolero chonse, chifukwa chinyezi chimatha kulowa mnyumbamo ndikuyambitsa dzimbiri zamkati. Ndikosavuta komanso kotchipa kwambiri kusinthanitsa anther yomwe idang'ambika pakapita nthawi.

Kunyalanyaza zizindikiro za kuwonongeka posachedwa kumabweretsa kuwonongeka komaliza kwa chiwongolero chowongolera ndi ndalama zazikulu zandalama. Chochitika choipitsitsa kwambiri ndikupinikizana kwa chiwongolero. Izi zikachitika pa liwiro lalikulu, ndiye kuti zimadzaza ndi ngozi ndi zotsatira zoyipa.

Kuwonjezera moyo wa chiwongolero chiwongolero kumathandiza kusunga malamulo osavuta:

• musasiye chiwongolero pamalo ovuta kwambiri kwa masekondi oposa 5;
• chepetsani ngati mukuyenera kuyendetsa pamsewu woyipa kapena kuthana ndi mabampu othamanga, njanji ndi zopinga zina;
• kuyang'anira mlingo wa madzimadzi ogwira ntchito mu chowongolera mphamvu;
• m'nyengo yozizira, musanayambe kusuntha, tembenuzirani chiwongolero pang'onopang'ono mbali zonse ziwiri, izi zidzalola madzimadzi mu chiwongolero cha mphamvu kutentha;
• nthawi zonse fufuzani mkhalidwe wa anthers.