ndi chiyani ndipo chimagwira ntchito bwanji
Kuphatikizika kwa viscous, kapena viscous coupling, ndi imodzi mwamagawo otumizira magalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka ndi kufananiza torque. Kulumikiza kwa viscous kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusamutsa kasinthasintha ku fan yakuzira ya radiator. Sikuti eni eni onse amagalimoto odziwa bwino chipangizochi ndi mfundo yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa viscous coupling, chifukwa chake tinaganiza zopereka imodzi mwazolemba patsamba lathu la vodi.su pamutuwu.
Choyamba, munthu sayenera kusokoneza mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe a viscous coupling ndi hydraulic coupling kapena torque converter, momwe kusintha kwa torque kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu yamafuta. Pankhani yolumikizana ndi viscous, mfundo yosiyana kwambiri imakhazikitsidwa - kukhuthala. Chinthu chake ndi chakuti madzi otsekemera opangidwa ndi silicon oxide, ndiko kuti, silikoni, amatsanuliridwa muzitsulo.
Kodi dilatant fluid ndi chiyani? Ndi madzimadzi osakhala a Newtonian omwe kukhuthala kwake kumadalira kuthamanga kwa liwiro ndipo kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa kumeta ubweya wa ubweya.. Umu ndi momwe zikhalidwe zazikulu zamadzimadzi a dilatant zimafotokozedwera mu ma encyclopedias ndi zolemba zamaluso.
Ngati timasulira zonsezi m'chinenero chomveka bwino kwa anthu ambiri, tidzawona kuti madzi amadzimadzi omwe sali a Newtonian amatha kulimbitsa (kuwonjezera kukhuthala) ndi kugwedezeka kofulumira. Madzi awa amaumitsa pa liwiro limene crankshaft ya galimoto imazungulira, ndiko kuti, pafupifupi 1500 rpm ndi pamwamba.
Kodi munakwanitsa bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito malowa pakampani yamagalimoto? Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kugwirizana kwa viscous kunayambika mu 1917 ndi injiniya waku America Melvin Severn. M'zaka zakutali zimenezo, panalibe ntchito yolumikizira viscous, kotero kupangidwako kunapita pa alumali. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, adaganiziridwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yotsekera zokha kusiyana kwapakati pazaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zazaka zapitazi. Ndipo adayamba kuyiyika pa ma SUV oyendetsa magudumu onse.
chipangizo
Chipangizocho ndi chosavuta:
- clutch ili mu mawonekedwe a silinda;
- mkati mwake muli ma shafts awiri omwe sagwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake mwachizolowezi - kuyendetsa ndi kuyendetsa;
- ma disks apadera otsogola komanso oyendetsedwa ndizitsulo amamangiriridwa kwa iwo - alipo ambiri, amakhala coaxially ndipo ali patali pang'ono kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti tafotokoza mwadongosolo mgwirizano wam'badwo watsopano wa viscous coupling. Mtundu wakale wake unali silinda yaing'ono ya hermetic yokhala ndi ma shaft awiri, pomwe ma impellers awiri adayikidwapo. Ma shafts sanali mauna wina ndi mzake.
Podziwa chipangizocho, mutha kulingalira mosavuta mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pamene galimoto yokhala ndi plug-in-wheel drive ikuyendetsa mumsewu wabwinobwino, kuzungulira kwa injini kumangopita ku ekseli yakutsogolo. Ma shafts ndi ma disks a viscous coupling amazungulira pa liwiro lomwelo, kotero palibe kusakaniza kwa mafuta m'nyumba.
Galimotoyo ikamayendetsa mumsewu wafumbi kapena wa chipale chofewa ndipo mawilo a pa imodzi mwa ma axle akuyamba kutsetsereka, mikwingwirima ya m’gulu la viscous couping imayamba kuyendayenda pa liwiro losiyana. Zili pansi pazimenezi kuti katundu wa delatant liquids amadziwonetsera okha - amalimbitsa mwamsanga. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yokoka kuchokera ku injini imayamba kugawidwa mofanana ku ma axles onse. Magudumu onse amayendetsedwa.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi kumadalira kuthamanga kwa kasinthasintha. Liwiro la nkhwangwa limazungulira, m'pamenenso madziwo amakhala owoneka bwino kwambiri, amapeza zinthu zolimba. Kuphatikiza apo, ma viscous coupling amakono amapangidwa m'njira yoti chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwamafuta, ma discs ndi ma shafts amalumikizidwa palimodzi, kuwonetsetsa kufalikira kodalirika kwa torque yayikulu pama axles onse.
Kulumikizana kwa viscous kwa dongosolo lozizira kumagwira ntchito mofananamo, kuwongolera bwino liwiro la fan. Ngati injini ikuyenda mothamanga kwambiri popanda kutenthedwa, ndiye kuti kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi sikumawonjezeka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, fan simazungulira mwachangu kwambiri. Kuthamanga kukangowonjezereka, kusakaniza ndi kulimba kwa mafuta mu clutch kumachitika. Kukupiza kumayamba kuzungulira mwachangu kwambiri, ndikuwongolera mpweya kuma cell a radiator.
Zochita ndi Zochita
Monga mukuwonera pazidziwitso pamwambapa, kulumikizana kwa viscous ndikopanga kwanzeru. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, opanga ma automaker adakana kwambiri kuyiyika, ndikukonda zowongoleredwa mokakamizidwa za Haldex. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ntchito zolumikizira viscous pa magalimoto onse ndi ABS ndi zovuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale mawonekedwe osavuta, kulumikizana kwa viscous ndi gawo lopatsirana kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa galimoto kumawonjezeka, chilolezo chapansi chimachepa. Chabwino, monga momwe zimasonyezera, zosiyana zodzitsekera ndi viscous clutch sizothandiza kwambiri.
Zotsatira:
- kapangidwe kosavuta;
- ikhoza kukonzedwa yokha (fan clutch);
- nyumba zosindikizidwa;
- moyo wautali.
Panthawi ina, ma viscous couplings anaikidwa pa magalimoto onse oyendetsa magalimoto pafupifupi makampani onse odziwika bwino a galimoto: Volvo, Toyota, Land Rover, Subaru, Vauxhall / Opel, Jeep Grand Cherokee, etc. okondedwa. Chabwino, mu dongosolo kuzirala injini, phatikiza viscous akadali anaika pa zitsanzo zambiri galimoto: VAG, Opel, Ford, AvtoVAZ, KamAZ, MAZ, Cummins, YaMZ, ZMZ injini.
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