ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito yanji?
Injini yoyaka mkati ndiyo mtima wagalimoto iliyonse yamakono.
Chigawochi chili ndi zinthu zingapo zazikulu:
- zonenepa;
- mfuti;
- crankshaft;
- flywheel.
Onse pamodzi amapanga crank mechanism. Crank, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti crankshaft (Crank Shaft) kapena kungoti - crankshaft, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri - imatembenuza kumasulira komwe kumapangidwa ndi pistoni kukhala torque. Pamene muvi wa tachometer ukuyandikira 2000 rpm, izi zikusonyeza kuti crankshaft imapanga chiwerengero chimenecho cha kusintha. Chabwino, ndiye mphindi iyi imafalikira kudzera pa clutch kupita kumayendedwe, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita kumawilo.
chipangizo
Monga mukudziwa, pisitoni mu injini kuyenda mosagwirizana - ena ali pamwamba akufa pakati, ena pansi. Ma pistoni amalumikizidwa ndi crankshaft ndi ndodo zolumikizira. Kuonetsetsa kusuntha kosagwirizana kwa pisitoni, crankshaft, mosiyana ndi ma shaft ena onse m'galimoto - pulayimale, sekondale, chiwongolero, kugawa gasi - ili ndi mawonekedwe opindika apadera. Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwa crank.
Zinthu zazikulu:
- magazini akuluakulu - omwe ali pamphepete mwa shaft, samasuntha panthawi yozungulira ndipo ali mu crankcase;
- kulumikiza ndodo magazini - kuchotsa pakati pa olamulira ndi kufotokoza bwalo pa kasinthasintha, ndi kwa iwo kuti ndodo zolumikizira amamangiriridwa ku zitsulo zolumikizira ndodo;
- shank - flywheel imakhazikika pa iyo;
- sock - ratchet imamangiriridwa kwa iyo, yomwe pulley yoyendetsa nthawi imapangidwira - lamba wa jenereta amaikidwa pa pulley, izo, malingana ndi chitsanzocho, zimazungulira masamba a mpope woyendetsa mphamvu, fani ya mpweya.
Ma Counterweights amakhalanso ndi gawo lofunikira - zikomo kwa iwo, shaft imatha kuzungulira ndi inertia. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta opangira mafuta amabowoleredwa m'mabuku olumikizira - njira zamafuta zomwe mafuta a injini amalowera kuti azipaka mayendedwe. Mu chipika cha injini, crankshaft imayikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe akuluakulu.
M'mbuyomu, ma crankshaft opangidwa kale ankagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma adasiyidwa, chifukwa chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwakukulu pamagulu azinthuzo, katundu wamkulu amawuka ndipo palibe chomangira chimodzi chomwe chingapirire. Choncho, lero amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira zonse, ndiko kuti, kudula kuchokera kuchitsulo chimodzi.
Ndondomeko ya kupanga kwawo ndi yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono, komwe kumadalira ntchito ya injini. Popanga, mapulogalamu ovuta apakompyuta ndi zida zoyezera laser zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimatha kudziwa kupatuka kwenikweni pamlingo wa zana la millimeter. Chofunikanso kwambiri ndikuwerengera ndendende kuchuluka kwa crankshaft - kumayesedwa mpaka mamiligalamu omaliza.
Ngati ife kufotokoza mfundo ya ntchito crankshaft, ndiye kuti chikufanana mokwanira ndi valavu nthawi ndi mkombero wa 4-sitiroko injini kuyaka mkati, zimene takambirana kale pa Vodi.su. Ndiko kuti, pamene pisitoni ili pamtunda wake wapamwamba kwambiri, magazini ya ndodo yolumikizira yomwe imatchulidwa nayo imakhalanso pamwamba pa axis yapakati ya shaft, ndipo pamene shaft imazungulira, ma pistoni onse 3-4, kapena 16 amasuntha. Chifukwa chake, masilinda akachuluka mu injini, m'pamenenso phokoso la crank limakhala lovuta kumva.
N'zovuta kulingalira kukula kwake kwa crankshaft mu injini ya magalimoto oyendetsa migodi, zomwe tinakambirananso pa webusaiti yathu ya Vodi.su. Mwachitsanzo, "BelAZ 75600" ali injini ndi buku la malita 77 ndi mphamvu 3500 HP. Crankshaft yamphamvu imayendetsa ma pistoni 18.
Crankshaft akupera
Crankshaft ndi chinthu chokwera mtengo kwambiri, komabe, chifukwa cha kukangana, pamapeto pake chimakhala chosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti asagule chatsopano, amapukutidwa. Ntchitoyi ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi otembenuza apamwamba omwe ali ndi zipangizo zoyenera.
Muyeneranso kugula seti ya kukonza ndodo yolumikizira ndi mayendedwe akuluakulu. Zoyikapo zimagulitsidwa pafupifupi sitolo iliyonse ndipo zimayikidwa pansi pazidziwitso:
- H (kukula mwadzina) - zimagwirizana ndi magawo a crank yatsopano;
- P (P1, P2, P3) - kukonza zingwe, m'mimba mwake ndi mamilimita angapo okulirapo.
Malingana ndi kukula kwazitsulo zokonzera, wotembenuza-minder amayesa molondola kukula kwa makosi ndikuwongolera kuti agwirizane ndi zingwe zatsopano. Pachitsanzo chilichonse, phula lazitsulo zokonzekera zimatsimikiziridwa.
Mutha kukulitsa moyo wa crankshaft pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta apamwamba kwambiri a injini ndikusintha munthawi yake.
Tikutsegula...
