Kodi mungaphunzire bwanji kumvetsetsa magalimoto kuyambira pachiyambi? Kanema watsatanetsatane

Kutha kumvetsetsa makina ndi lingaliro lalikulu. Kwa ena, ndikwanira kusiyanitsa chitsanzo chimodzi ndi china. Anthu omwewo omwe ntchito yawo imalumikizidwa ndi magalimoto amaika tanthauzo lalikulu mu lingaliro ili:

• mtundu wa thupi;
• kalasi yamagalimoto;
• mtundu wa injini - jekeseni, carburetor, dizilo, imodzi kapena iwiri, wosakanizidwa, galimoto yamagetsi;
• kutumiza - zimango, zodziwikiratu, zosinthika, robotic, preselective (wapawiri clutch).

Ngati mumagwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, pakampani yogulitsa zida zosinthira kapena m'malo ogulitsira magalimoto, ndiye kuti malinga ndi kufotokozera ntchito, muyenera kudziwa zambiri za:

• dziwani bwino mtundu wa mtundu wa automaker - ndiko kuti, ayenera kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa injini zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo VAZ-2104 - VAZ-21073, VAZ-21067, voliyumu yawo, mafuta, mawonekedwe;
• luso la mayunitsi osiyanasiyana;
• kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a chipangizo.

Ngati mudagulako zida zosinthira, ndiye kuti mukudziwa kuti ndi zokwanira kwa katswiri wabwino kuti awonetse izi kapena gawolo - silinda yogwira ntchito, giya yachiwiri, shaft yayikulu kapena yapakatikati ya gearbox, chingwe cholumikizira. , kutulutsa, diski ya feredo - adzawatchula popanda vuto lililonse, auzeni galimoto yomwe ikuchokera, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, ndikuuzeni zomwe zili. Adzasankhanso mosavuta gawo lomwe mukufuna kuchokera pamndandanda - kuchokera pa mphete yosindikizira kapena cuff, kupita ku msonkhano wogawa kapena kumbuyo kwa bokosi la gear.

N’zoonekeratu kuti luso loterolo limabwera ndi zokumana nazo zokha. Tiyesetsa kupereka malingaliro oyambira patsamba lathu la Vodi.su.

Mfundo zoyambirira

Galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi machitidwe asanu ndi awiri:

• mota;
• kutumiza;
• chiwongolero;
• chassis kapena kuyimitsidwa;
• dongosolo brake;
• thupi;
• zida zamagetsi.

Thupi - makalasi ndi mitundu

Chinthu choyamba chimene timawona tikamasilira izi kapena galimotoyo ndi thupi. Talankhula kale za izi zambiri patsamba lathu, kotero tingobwereza.

Mitundu ya thupi:

• voliyumu imodzi - minivans (injini, mkati, thunthu zimaphatikizidwa kukhala gawo limodzi);
• voliyumu ziwiri - hatchback, station wagon, SUV, crossover;
• magawo atatu - sedan, limousine, roadster, pickup.

Komanso, kalasi ya galimoto zimatengera kutalika kwa thupi - pali njira zambiri zamagulu, zofala kwambiri ndi za ku Ulaya:

• "A" - hatchbacks yaying'ono, monga Chevrolet Spark, Daewoo Matiz;
• "B" - magalimoto ang'onoang'ono - VAZs onse, Daewoo Lanos, Geely MK;
• "C" - kalasi yapakati - Skoda Octavia, Ford Focus, Mitsubishi Lancer.

Chabwino, ndi zina zotero - pa webusaiti yathu ya Vodi.su pali nkhani yomwe makalasi akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Opanga aliyense ali ndi mitundu yawoyawo yamagulu, mwachitsanzo, BMW, Audi, kapena Mercedes. Ndikokwanira kupita patsamba lovomerezeka kuti muwone kusiyana kwake:

• Mercedes A-kalasi - kalasi yaing'ono kwambiri, yofanana ndi B-kalasi malinga ndi gulu European;
• B-kalasi - likufanana ndi C-kalasi;
• C-kalasi (Comfort-Klasse);
• CLA - kalasi yodziwika bwino yopepuka;
• G, GLA, GLC, GLE, M - Gelendvagen, SUVs ndi SUV class.

N'zosavuta kumvetsa gulu la Audi:

• A1-A8 - ma hatchbacks, ngolo zamasiteshoni okhala ndi kutalika kosiyanasiyana;
• Q3, Q5, Q7 - SUVs, crossovers;
• TT - roadsters, coupes;
• R8 ndi masewera galimoto;
• RS - "zotengera" zokhala ndi luso lotsogola.

BMW ili ndi magulu omwewo:

• Series 1-7 - magalimoto okwera monga hatchback, station wagon, sedan;
• X1, X3-X6 - SUVs, crossovers;
• Z4 - roadsters, coupes, convertibles;
• M-series - "charged" mitundu.

Kwa ogula ambiri, makamaka azimayi, ndi mtundu wa thupi womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, zolimbitsa thupi zimangokhala zokutira, ndipo zofotokozera ndizofunikira kwambiri. Tiyeni tilingalire zazikuluzo.

Injini

Mutuwu ndi waukulu, tiyeni titchule mfundo zazikulu:

• ndi mtundu wa mafuta - mafuta, dizilo, gasi, gasi-mafuta, hybrids, magalimoto amagetsi;
• ndi chiwerengero cha masilindala - atatu yamphamvu kapena kuposa (pali, mwachitsanzo, injini za silinda 8 ndi 16);
• malinga ndi malo a masilindala - mumzere (masilinda amangoyima mzere), otsutsana (masilinda otsutsana), mawonekedwe a V;
• ndi malo pansi pa hood - longitudinal, transverse.

M'magalimoto ambiri okwera, ma injini a 3-4-cylinder amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutalika (pambali yoyenda) kapena kuyika modutsa. Ngati tikukamba za magalimoto kapena magalimoto pamwamba pa kalasi yapakati, ndiye kuti mphamvu imatheka powonjezera ma silinda.

Komanso, chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha injini ndi dongosolo yozizira, amene angakhale:

• madzi - kuziziritsa kumachitika ndi antifreeze, antifreeze, madzi osavuta;
• mpweya - chitsanzo chowoneka bwino cha "Zaporozhets", chomwe injini inali kumbuyo, ndipo mpweya unayamwa chifukwa cha fani, dongosolo lomwelo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa njinga zamoto;
• kuphatikiza - kuziziritsa ndi antifreeze, fani imagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera mpweya.

Komanso mfundo zofunika:

• jekeseni dongosolo - carburetor, jekeseni;
• poyatsira dongosolo - kukhudzana (pogwiritsa ntchito wogawa), osalumikizana (Hall sensor, switch), zamagetsi (njirayo imayendetsedwa ndi unit control);
• njira yogawa gasi;
• dongosolo mafuta ndi zina zotero.

Kutumiza

Ntchito yayikulu yotumizira ndikutumiza torque kuchokera ku mota kupita kumawilo.

Zinthu zotumizira:

• clutch - amalumikiza kapena kulekanitsa kufala kwa injini;
• gearbox - kusankha njira yoyendetsera;
• cardan, kufala kwa cardan - kusamutsa mphindi yosuntha kupita ku chitsulo choyendetsa;
• kusiyana - kugawa torque pakati pa mawilo a chitsulo choyendetsa.

Magalimoto amakono ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito clutch youma ya disk imodzi kapena iwiri, yophatikizidwa ndi bokosi lamanja kapena loboti (semi-automatic, preselective), kapena chosinthira torque - hydrostatic system momwe mphamvu ya injini imayika kuti mafuta aziyenda - ma transmissions kapena CVT (zosintha zamitundu).

Ndiwo mtundu wa gearbox womwe ndi wofunikira kwa ambiri. Kuchokera pazomwe takumana nazo, tinene kuti makina ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa dalaivala amasankha njira yabwino kwambiri ndipo amadya mafuta ochepa. Komanso, kufala Buku ndi losavuta ndi zotchipa kukhalabe. Zodziwikiratu ndi CVT - zimathandizira kwambiri kuyendetsa galimoto, koma ngati ziswa, konzekerani ndalama zambiri.

Kutumiza kumaphatikizanso lingaliro lotere ngati mtundu wa drive:

• kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo - mphindi yozungulira imagwera pa olamulira amodzi;
• zonse - nkhwangwa zonse zikutsogolera, komabe, galimotoyo ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika kapena yowonjezera.

Bokosi losamutsa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa torque pa axle yagalimoto. Iwo anaika mu magalimoto onse gudumu pagalimoto, monga UAZ-469 kapena VAZ-2121 Niva.

Monga mukuonera, galimoto ndi njira zovuta kwambiri. Komabe, kwa ambiri, ndikokwanira kuti athe kuyigwiritsa ntchito ndikuchita zinthu zosavuta, monga kusintha gudumu. Kusamalira bwino kumasiyidwa akatswiri.

Kanema: chipangizo ndi kusankha galimoto

Kugula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito - "kwa dummies"

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