Zoyenera kuchita ngati galimoto imakokera pambali pamene ikuboola

Kupatuka kwa makina modzidzimutsa kuchoka pakuyenda kwa rectilinear ndi vuto lofala kwambiri. Galimoto imatha kukokera kumanja kapena kumanzere ngati dalaivala akungoyendetsa mothamanga kwambiri ndipo sakutembenuza chiwongolero. Kapena galimoto imakokera pambali panthawi ya braking. Zikatero, kuwongolera kwagalimoto kumakulirakulira, kumakhala kutopa kuyendetsa galimoto, chifukwa nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kusintha chiwongolero. Ndipo kuonjezera apo, chiwopsezo choyendetsa mumsewu womwe ukubwera kapena kukhala mu dzenje chikuwonjezeka.

Zifukwa za khalidwe ili la galimoto likhoza kukhala losiyana.Zimachitika kuti zimakhala zofala kwambiri komanso zokhazikika mosavuta.Zimachitika kuti thandizo la katswiri likufunika kuti azindikire ndi kukonza zowonongeka. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kugona mawilo kapena kuyimitsidwa, koma nthawi zambiri galimoto amakokera kumbali chifukwa cha mavuto ananyema kapena chiwongolero. Ndi machitidwewa omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri pankhani yachitetezo choyendetsa, chifukwa chake zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonongeka komwe zingatheke mwa iwo ziyenera kuchitidwa mozama kwambiri.

Musanakwere kutchire, ndi bwino kuyamba ndi zinthu zosavuta.

Choyamba muyenera kufotokozera momveka bwino momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe galimoto imawombera pambali.

Nthawi zambiri msewu umakhala wotsetsereka kumanja, ndipo izi zingayambitse kupatuka kuchokera pamzere wowongoka, kuphatikiza panthawi ya braking. Kuti muchotse chinthu ichi, muyenera kupeza malo athyathyathya ndikuzindikira momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito.

Zimachitika kuti pali njira pamsewu, yomwe imakhudza kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imakhudza kukwera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma zimachitika kuti imatha kupangitsa kuti munthu azitha kuyenda bwino akamakwera mabuleki. Izi ziyeneranso kuzindikiridwa.

Dziwani kuthamanga kwa tayala ndikufananiza. Nthawi zambiri izi zimathetsa vutoli.

Kenako, muyenera kuyendetsa galimoto mu dzenje loyang'anira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chonyamulira ndikuyang'ana zinthu zoyimitsidwa ndikuyang'ana zovuta zodziwikiratu - kutuluka kwamadzimadzi a brake, zingwe zomangika bwino pamakina, zolakwika zamakina, mabawuti otayirira omwe amateteza likulu, magawo ndi chiwongolero. .

Ngati palibe zovuta zodziwikiratu zomwe zapezeka, kufufuza mozama za zomwe zimayambitsa ziyenera kuyamba.

Galimotoyo ikatembenukira m’mbali pamene ikuboola, malo oyamba oti ayang’ane vuto ndi pa mabuleki. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake chimakhala mu imodzi mwa mawilo kapena pali vuto ndi ma hydraulics, chifukwa chomwe kupanikizika kwa dongosolo kumatsika ndipo pisitoni ya silinda silingathe kukanikizira padiyo moyenera. Pakakhala kusiyana pakugwira ntchito kwa mabuleki kumanja ndi kumanzere, ndiye kuti pobowola, kukoka kumbali kumachitika. Galimoto imapatukira mbali yomwe mapadi amakanikizidwa mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi disc.

Mabuleki akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo amakhudza kukokera kwagalimoto kumbali, ngakhale mabuleki akumbuyo amakhala ochepa. Handbrake nawonso asanenedwe ngati wokayikira.

Mu dongosolo braking, 5 zinthu akhoza kusiyanitsidwa mmene mabuleki adzakhala limodzi ndi kupatuka pa kayendedwe ka rectilinear.

Mabuleki pa gudumu limodzi sagwira ntchito.

Ma brake pads samapanikizidwa ndi diski, gudumu limapitilirabe kusinthasintha, pomwe chosiyanacho chimachepetsedwa. Mbali yomwe gudumu likadali likuzungulira likupita patsogolo, ndipo chifukwa chake, galimotoyo imatembenuka, ndipo mwamphamvu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati gudumu lakumanja lakumanja silikugwira ntchito yoboola mabuleki, galimotoyo imadumphira kumanzere panthawi yoboola mabuleki.

Zofananazo zidzawoneka ngati kuphulika pa imodzi mwa mawilo akumbuyo sikukugwira ntchito, kupatuka kokha sikudzakhala kofunikira.

Zifukwa zotheka kulephera kwa wheel brake cylinder:

• pisitoni imakakamira pamalo ake oyambirira ndipo padiyo sichimakanizidwa ndi disc;

• pakupanga ndi bulaketi yoyandama, pini yowongolera imatha kupanikizana;

• pali mpweya wotseka mu hydraulic system yomwe imalepheretsa kupanga mphamvu zokwanira kuti zitulutse pisitoni ku silinda;

• depressurization ya ma hydraulics, chifukwa chomwe madzi ogwirira ntchito amatuluka;

• wakale kwambiri. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, TJ imayamwa chinyezi ndipo imatha kuwira pa kutentha kochepa. Pankhaniyi, kutenthetsa kwamphamvu m'deralo panthawi ya braking mwadzidzidzi kungayambitse kuwira kwa mafuta amafuta ndi mapangidwe a loko;

• payipi ya brake brake yatha ndipo imatupa pomwe chopondapo cha brake, ndipo kukakamiza kwa TJ sikufika pa silinda yama gudumu. Paipi iyi iyenera kusinthidwa.

Pistoni ya imodzi mwa masilinda amagudumu imakhazikika pamalo otalikirapo.

Pini yowongolera ya caliper imathanso kupanikizana. Zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofanana.

Pankhaniyi, pad nthawi zonse amakanikizidwa motsutsana ndi brake disc ndipo gudumu limaphwanyidwa nthawi zonse. Zikatero, pa mphindi yoyamba ya braking, galimoto idzaponyedwa pang'ono kumene kuli makina odzaza. patsogolo, pamene braking mphamvu pa gudumu zosiyana ndi wofanana, galimoto adzapitiriza ananyema mu mzere wolunjika.

Zizindikiro zina zodziwikiratu zitha kuwonetsanso pisitoni kapena kupindika kwa caliper pamalo ogwirira ntchito:

• kupatuka kwa makina kusuntha kwa rectilinear chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mawilo;

• kugwedezeka kwa pad kupukuta pa disk brake;

• Kutentha kwamphamvu kwa chimbale cha brake chifukwa cha kukangana kosalekeza. Mosamala! Musakhudze galimotoyo ndi manja opanda manja pamene mukuizindikira. Kuwotcha kwambiri kotheka;

• Zimachitika kuti chiwongolero chimagwedezeka.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kugwidwa kwa piston:

• dzimbiri chifukwa cha kulowa kwa madzi ndi dothi. Izi kawirikawiri zimachitika pamene anther yawonongeka;

• akale, zauve mabuleki madzimadzi;

• pisitoni deformation. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamene mapepala amavala mpaka malire kapena diski yavala kwambiri. Kuti akanikizire mapepala omwe asanduka opyapyala ku diski, pisitoni imayenera kuchoka pa silindayo, ndipo pa nthawi ya braking imakhala ndi katundu wopindika kwambiri.

Ngati makina a brake aphwanyidwa, amayenera kupatulidwa, kutsukidwa, ndikusintha ziwalo zong'ambika.

Pistoni iyenera kutsukidwa ndi dothi, mafuta owuma ndi zina za dzimbiri, kenako ndi mchenga. Zomwezo ziyenera kuchitika ndi mkati mwa pamwamba pa silinda. Ngati pali zopindika kwambiri, kugoletsa, zokopa zakuya, ntchito yolondola ya silinda ya brake ndizosatheka, pakadali pano, m'malo mwake mumatsalira.

Malo ofooka a makina oyandama a brake caliper ndi zikhomo zowongolera zomwe caliper imayenda. Ndiwo amene ayenera kukhala olakwa kwambiri. Zifukwa zake ndi dothi, dzimbiri, akale, mafuta okhuthala kapena kusakhalapo kwake. Ndipo izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa anther ndi kusamalidwa kosasintha kwa makinawo.

Maupangiri a caliper ndi mabowo kwa iwo amafunikanso kutsukidwa bwino ndi mchenga. Onetsetsani kuti maupangiriwo sali opunduka, apo ayi m'malo mwake.

Mafuta pisitoni ndi maupangiri ndi girisi opangidwira ma calipers.

Mukamaliza kukonza, dziwani kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi a brake ndikutulutsa magazi dongosolo.

Pali chotsekera mpweya mu ma hydraulic a brake system.

Mukakanikiza chopondapo, mpweya umakhala wothinikizidwa, ndipo zotsatira zake pa brake fluid zidzakhala zochepa. Njira zamabuleki muderali sizigwira ntchito kapena mphamvu yoboola sikhala yokwanira.

Mtunda wa braking udzawonjezeka, ndipo galimoto ikhoza kukoka pang'ono kumbali pamene ikuwomba. Kupatuka kwa kayendedwe ka rectilinear chifukwa cha mpweya mu ma hydraulics sikunatchulidwe monga momwe zimakhalira kugwedezeka kwa pistoni imodzi pamalo ake oyambirira.

Chopondaponda chofewa ndi chizindikiro china cha mpweya mu dongosolo.

Chithandizo ndi chodziwikiratu - kupopera ma hydraulics ndikuchotsa mpweya mmenemo.

Kuphwanya kulimba kwa ma hydraulic system.

Pamene kulimba kwa hydraulic system ya brake system kuthyoka, madzi ogwirira ntchito amatha kutuluka, izi zidzawonetsedwa ndi kutsika kwa mlingo wa brake fluid. Kusokonekera kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumatsagana ndi kuwomba pomwe chopondapo cha brake. Nthawi zambiri, kuwomba kumamveka bwino ngati muthamangitsa pedal injini ikangoyima. Mutha kupeza kutayikira mwa kuyang'anitsitsa dongosolo. Zizindikiro za brake fluid zitha kukhala pazigawo, mapaipi, kapena pansi.

Malo omwe akuchucha kwambiri ndi awa:

• chosweka payipi kapena dzimbiri chubu zitsulo;

• kutayikira pa nsonga za kugwirizana kwa hoses ndi zovekera chifukwa insufficiently crimped clamps;

• silinda yogwira ntchito ngati khafu yomwe idayikidwa mkati yawonongeka.

Kuti mubwezeretse kulimba kwa dongosololi, sinthani ma hoses ndi machubu owonongeka ndikumangitsa zolimba bwino.

Silinda ya brake imatha kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokonzera. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti msonkhano wa brake uyenera kusinthidwa.

Mabuleki nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino, koma gudumu limodzi silimaswa bwino.

Makhalidwe a makina pa nthawi ya braking ndi ofanana ndi pamene imodzi mwa ma cylinders sikugwira ntchito.

Zifukwa zotheka:

• ma brake pads owonongeka moyipa. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mlingo wa kuvala kwa mapepala a mawilo amanja ndi akumanzere, galimotoyo imapatukira kumbali;

• diski ya brake ya imodzi mwa mawilo imakhala yoyipa kapena yopunduka;

• mafuta, madzi kapena chinthu china chomwe chimachepetsa kwambiri kukangana komwe kuli pakati pa mapepala ndi disc.

Vutoli limathetsedwa ndi kuyeretsa bwino ndikusintha mapepala owonongeka ndi ma disc. Azisintha nthawi imodzi pamawilo onse awiri a ekseli imodzi.

Ngati palibe mavuto ndi mabuleki, koma galimoto akadali skid kumanzere kapena kumanja pamene braking, ndiye inu muyenera kupitiriza kuyang'ana kusweka, kuganizira zifukwa zochepa.

• Magudumu

Kuphatikiza pa kusiyanasiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa matayala, zovuta zina zamagudumu zimathanso kupangitsa kuti galimoto ipatuke pamzere wowongoka panthawi ya braking:

1. mawilo ndi osalinganizika;

2. limodzi la matayala ali ndi chilema, chophukacho, etc.;

3. matayala amitundu yosiyanasiyana amaikidwa pa chitsulo chimodzi;

4. matayala okhala ndi njira yolowera amayikidwa molakwika;

5. kuvala kosagwirizana kwa matayala kumanzere ndi kumanja, makamaka pamawilo akutsogolo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo kwa matayala, pamene matayala amodzi akumbuyo, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha pang'ono, amaikidwa pa ekisi yakutsogolo. Pofuna kupewa izi, chizindikiro cha matayala ochotsedwa kuti asungidwe chidzalola.

6. Kamba / Convergence

Kuwongolera kolakwika kwa magudumu kumatha kukokera galimotoyo kumbali panthawi ya braking. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kupatuka kwakanthawi kofanana ndi kachitidwe ka camber ndi kolowera kotalikirana kwa axis of rotation (caster), braking imatha kutsagana ndi kupatuka kuchokera pamzere wowongoka.

• Kubwereranso kwakukulu kapena ukwati. 

Pa nthawi yomweyo, akhoza kukoka kumbali osati pa braking, komanso pa yachibadwa rectilinear kayendedwe. Mavuto onyamula magudumu nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi kung'ung'udza komwe kumatha kusintha kamvekedwe kamvekedwe kamvekedwe kamvekedwe kamvekedwe kamvekedwe kamvekedwe kamvekedwe kamvekedwe ka liwiro.

• chitsulo chakumbuyo cha stabilizer bar.

• Osafanana kuvala kwa kutsogolo kuyimitsidwa akasupe. Ndikoyenera kuzindikira zinthu zina zoyimitsidwa - mayendedwe a mpira, midadada chete.

• Kutsitsa kosiyana kwa makina kumanzere ndi kumanja.

• Kusagwira ntchito kwa anti-lock braking system kapena brake force regulator, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "wamatsenga".

• Chiwongolero chowongolera, ndodo ndi nsonga. Kuthekera kuti chifukwa chagona ndendende apa ndi chaching'ono, koma chisankhochi sichingathetsedwe.