Zida zankhondo za Polish Army: 1933-1937
Zida zankhondo za Polish Army: 1933-1937
Utumiki wamtendere wa asitikali ankhondo aku Poland motsatira malamulo apadera ndi nkhani ina yofunika kukambitsirana pamakambirano ambiri okonzekera gulu lankhondo laku Poland kunkhondo yomwe ikubwera. Mchitidwe wocheperako komanso wobwerezabwereza wachitetezo chamtendere wa magulu ankhondo omwe ali ndi zida zayimitsidwa ndi zinthu monga kapangidwe ka zida zankhondo zofananira kapena zoyeserera zapachaka. Ngakhale sizowoneka bwino, zosankhidwa za zida zankhondo zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza momwe zida izi zilili zaka zina.
Zida zankhondo za Asitikali aku Poland m'zaka za m'ma 20 zidakonzedwanso kangapo ndikusintha kumagulu osiyanasiyana. Mapangidwe a nthambi zomwe zilipo zidakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugula ndi kupanga okha akasinja a Renault FT, omwe panthawiyo adapanga maziko a zida zankhondo za Republic of Poland. Pa Seputembara 23, 1930, motsogozedwa ndi Minister of War, Command of Armored Weapons idasinthidwa kukhala Command of Armored Weapons (DowBrPanc.), lomwe linali bungwe loyang'anira ndi kuphunzitsa magulu onse ankhondo a Gulu Lankhondo la Poland. .
M'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 30, kuyesa kunachitika pa zipangizo zamakono za zida zankhondo. Chotsatira cha mmodzi wa iwo chinali TK tank galimoto zonyamulira pa chassis wa magalimoto.
Mayunitsi akatswiri m'gulu la bungweli analandira, mwa zina, ntchito yochita kafukufuku m'munda wa chitukuko cha luso ndi machenjerero a zida zankhondo ndi kukonzekera malangizo atsopano, malamulo ndi mabuku. DowBrPanc yokha. anali ulamuliro wapamwamba mu ulamuliro ndiye, mosamalitsa zida zankhondo, komanso mayunitsi motorized, kotero udindo wake, kuwonjezera pa zisankho za Minister of War ndi Chief of the General Staff, zinali zotsimikizika.
Pambuyo pa kusintha kwina kwakanthawi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 30, nyumba yachifumu ina inamangidwa mu 1933. M'malo mwa magulu atatu ankhondo omwe analipo kale (Poznan, Zhuravitsa ndi Modlin), magulu a akasinja ndi magalimoto okhala ndi zida adakhazikitsidwa, ndipo chiwerengero cha mayunitsi chinawonjezeka kufika zisanu ndi chimodzi (Poznan, Zhuravitsa, Warsaw, Brest pa Bug, Krakow ndi Lvov). ). Asilikali osiyana anaikidwanso ku Vilnius ndi Bydgoszcz, ndipo ku Modlin kunali malo ophunzitsira akasinja ndi zida zankhondo.
Chifukwa cha kusintha kuyambira chiyambi cha zaka khumi chinali kufika kwa kuchuluka kwa zida zatsopano, poganizira mphamvu zapakhomo - akasinja othamanga kwambiri a TK, omwe amaphatikizapo magalimoto otsika kwambiri omwe analipo kale komanso akasinja ochepa. Choncho, February 25, 1935 asilikali alipo akasinja ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida anasandulika magawano zida. Chiwerengero cha mayunitsi chinawonjezeka kufika asanu ndi atatu (Poznan, Zhuravitsa, Warsaw, Bzhest-nad-Bugem, Krakow, Lvov, Grodno ndi Bydgoszcz). Magulu ena ankhondo aŵiri ogwirizana kwambiri anaikidwa ku Lodz ndi Lublin, ndipo kukulitsa kwawo kunali kolinganizidwa m’zaka zikudzazo.
Gulu lomwe linaperekedwa linatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri, mpaka nkhondo itayambika, ngakhale kuti kusintha kwina kunapangidwa. Inde, pa April 20, 1937, gulu lina lankhondo linakhazikitsidwa, malo oimikapo magalimoto omwe anali Lutsk (Battalion 12). Linali gulu loyamba la zida zankhondo za ku Poland kuphunzitsa asilikali pa akasinja amtundu wa R35 omwe anagulidwa ku France. Kuyang'ana mapu, munthu akhoza kuona kuti ambiri mwa zida zankhondo anali ataima pakati pa dziko, amene analola kusamutsa mayunitsi kudutsa malire anaopsezedwa mu nthawi yofanana.
Nyumba yatsopanoyi idapanganso maziko a mapulogalamu a ku Poland akukulitsa zida zankhondo, zokonzedwa ndi General Staff ndikukambirana pa msonkhano wa KSUS. Chotsatira luso ndi kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ankayembekezera kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi atatu ndi chachinayi (zambiri za izo angapezeke mu: "Ndondomeko Kukula kwa zida zankhondo Polish 1937-1943", Wojsko i Technika Historia 2/2020). Magulu onse ankhondo omwe ali pamwambawa adalengedwa mu nthawi yamtendere, ntchito yawo yayikulu inali yokonzekera zaka zotsatila, maphunziro a akatswiri a akatswiri ndi kulimbikitsa magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Pofuna kusunga kufanana kwa maphunziro, kuwongolera nkhani za bungwe komanso maukonde oyendera bwino, pa Meyi 1, 1937, magulu atatu amatanki adapangidwa.
Utumiki
Wina angayerekeze kunena kuti pakati pa zaka za m'ma 30 inali nthawi yokhazikika ya zida zankhondo zaku Poland. Kugwirizana kwa zomangamanga ndi kuwonjezereka kwapang'onopang'ono kukula kwa mapangidwe sikungangopereka mphamvu poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena, komanso, kwa zaka zingapo, kukhazika mtima pansi hardware ndi structural fever. Kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa akasinja a Vickers - kusintha zida za akasinja amapasa, kukhazikitsa mapasa-turrets okhala ndi mfuti 47-mm, kapena kukonzanso dongosolo lozizirira - zitha kuonedwa ngati zopambana, zomwe ndizovuta kuzikayikira. nthawi.
Sizingatheke kunyalanyaza kupanga kwa TCS komwe kukuchitika pano. Ndipotu, makina amtunduwu ankaonedwa ngati chitukuko chabwino kwambiri cha chitsanzo cha Chingerezi panthawiyo komanso njira yabwino yomenyera nkhondo. Akasinja aku Poland 7TP adayamba ntchito yawo yankhondo, monga momwe zinalili ndi akasinja ozindikira, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wa Chingerezi. Pomaliza, kusowa kwa ziwopsezo zenizeni kumatanthauza kuti ntchitoyo mu 1933-37 ikhoza kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika. Ngakhale ngati gawo la CWBrPanc. kapena BBTechBrPank. maphunziro angapo oyesera adachitika pankhani zamaukadaulo (ntchito zamagulu onyamula zida zankhondo) ndiukadaulo (kuyambiranso ntchito yamatanki oyenda ndi mawilo), zidangowonjezera pa ntchito yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale molingana ndi malangizo amakono, monga omwe anaperekedwa mu 1932. "General Amalamulira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo", kuchokera ku 1934 "Malamulo a TC a akasinja". Fight", lofalitsidwa mu 1935 "Malamulo pa zida zankhondo ndi magalimoto". Gawo I la Military Parade ndipo, pomaliza, fungulo, ngakhale silinagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka 1937, "Malamulo a zida zankhondo. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndi magalimoto okhala ndi zida komanso magalimoto.
