Abrams ku Poland

Zamkatimu

Kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri, mutu wopeza M1 Abrams MBT ndi gulu lankhondo laku Poland kuchokera pazowonjezera za Asitikali aku US wabwerera pafupipafupi. M'masabata aposachedwa, zidziwitso zatuluka, zosavomerezeka, kuti andale akuganiziranso izi. Choncho tiyeni tione kuipa kwake.
- Abrams ku Poland

Nthawi ndi nthawi, lingaliro lopeza akasinja a M1 Abrams kuchokera ku zida zochulukirapo zankhondo zaku US limabwerera ku zida zankhondo zaku Poland. Posachedwapa, idaganiziridwanso pokhudzana ndi kufunika kolimbikitsa mwamsanga mphamvu za asilikali a ku Poland kwa otchedwa. khoma lakummawa. Pachithunzichi, thanki ya M1A1 ya US Marine Corps.

Kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri, mutu wopeza M1 Abrams MBT ndi gulu lankhondo laku Poland kuchokera pazowonjezera za Asitikali aku US wabwerera pafupipafupi. M'masabata aposachedwa, zidziwitso zatuluka, zosavomerezeka, kuti andale akuganiziranso izi. Choncho tiyeni tione kuipa kwake.

Malinga ndi Arms Inspectorate, kugulidwa kwa akasinja a M1 Abrams, kuphatikiza ndi kusinthika kwawo kukhala imodzi mwamitundu yomwe ilipo, ndi imodzi mwazosankha zomwe zikuganiziridwa ngati gawo lowunikira komanso malingaliro omwe akhazikitsidwa pansi pa pulogalamu ya New Main Tank. Kodi Wilk. Pakukambitsirana kwaukadaulo pakati pa 2017 ndi koyambirira kwa 2019, ogwira ntchito ku IU adakumana ndi oyimira makampani ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana omwe angatenge nawo gawo pakukhazikitsa pulogalamuyi. Kukambitsirana kunachitika ndi: Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowe Urządzeń Mechanicznych “OBRUM” Sp. z oo, Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG (wopanga nawo mnzake waku Germany wa Leopard 2 adaimiridwa ndi Wojskowe Zakłady Mechaniczne SA kuchokera ku Poznań), Rheinmetall Defense (yoyimiridwa ndi nthambi yaku Poland ya Rheinmetall Defense Polska Sp. Z oo), Hyundai Rotem Co Ltd. (yoimiridwa ndi H Cegielski Poznań SA), BAE Systems Hägglunds AB, General Dynamics European Land Systems (GDELS) ndi US Army. Mfundo ziwiri zomaliza zidzatisangalatsa, popeza asilikali a US atha kukhala ndi udindo woyendetsa magalimoto kuchokera ku zipangizo zake zowonjezera, ndipo GDELS ndi nthambi ya ku Ulaya ya opanga Abrams - General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS). Izi zinatsimikiziridwa pang'ono poyankhulana ndi Zbigniew Griglas, Mlembi Wachiwiri wa State ku Ministry of State Property, yemwe amayang'anira Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira III, yomwe imayang'anira ntchito za chitetezo. Ananenanso kuti mwa njira zogulira za akasinja atsopano ankhondo ndi zopangira zomwe zilipo: ku European Conse " Kukula kwa m'badwo watsopano. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, sanatchulepo pulogalamu ya Franco-German (ndi British viewer) pulogalamu ya Main Ground Combat System (MGCS).

Malinga ndi omwe akuthandizira kugula kwa Abrams, magalimotowa amayenera kulowetsa T-72M/M1 (ngakhale M1R yomwe idasinthidwa kukhala muyezo wa M91R alibe phindu lankhondo), ndipo mtsogolomo, PT-XNUMX yamakono.

Komabe, cholinga cha nkhaniyi sikukambirana za ma meanders a pulogalamu ya Wilk, kotero sitidzafufuza kwambiri nkhaniyi. Akasinja atsopano anali makamaka m'malo chikale T-72M/M1/M1R ndi PT-91 Twardy, ndipo m'tsogolo muno, komanso wokalamba Leopard 2PL/A5. Malinga ndi kusanthula ikuchitika pa kukonzekera Strategic Defense Review 2016, Poland ayenera kugula za 800 m'badwo akasinja m'badwo watsopano kuchokera kuzungulira 2030, ndi mamembala a ndiye utsogoleri wa Unduna wa Chitetezo National kusonyeza kuti zingakhale zofunika kugula "chiwerengero" cha akasinja panopa m'badwo mofulumira pang'ono. Izi zikhoza kukhala zofunika mu zinthu osauka kwambiri luso luso mbali anakonza kukonzanso ndi kusinthidwa kwa akasinja T-72M / M1. Mosavomerezeka, iwo amati mwa magalimoto 318 omwe poyamba adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito, pafupifupi zana mwina sangakhale opindulitsa. Chifukwa chake, pali kusiyana kwaukadaulo wamagulu awiri akasinja. Abramu “wochokera kuchipululu” anamudzaza?

Chimodzi mwa zosankha zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti "chigamba" kusiyana kwa hardware kusanakhazikitsidwe kwa thanki ya Wilk kungakhale kugula akasinja akale a American M1 Abrams (mwinamwake mumtundu wa M1A1 kapena watsopano pang'ono, monga momwe amachitira m'malo osungirako zida) ndikusintha kwawo ku imodzi mwa zosankha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi US Army. Mabaibulo a M1A1M, M1A1SA, kapena zosiyana zochokera ku M1A2 (monga ku Moroccan kapena Saudi export M1A2M kapena M1A2S) ali pachiwopsezo. M1A2X ndizothekanso, popeza kwa nthawi yayitali galimoto yopita ku Taiwan (yomwe tsopano ndi M1A2T) idasindikizidwa, yomwe ikuyenera kufanana ndi M1A2C yaposachedwa (komanso pansi pa dzina la M1A2 SEP v.3). Chochitika chotheka chosankha njira iyi, mwinanso yotheka yokhayo, ingakhale kugula akasinja akale aku America kuchokera ku US Army kapena US Marine Corps (magalimoto mazana ambiri amasungidwa m'mayadi akuluakulu a malo osungira zida, monga Sierra Army Depot) ndikusintha kwawo ku Combined Factory Production Center ya Ohio, yoyendetsedwa ndi boma la US, Lima ndi Lima. Asilikali aku US ndi US National Guard akufuna kukhala ndi akasinja pafupifupi 4000 M1A1 ndi M1A2 akusintha kosiyanasiyana muutumiki, pomwe magalimoto 1392 azikhalabe mugulu lankhondo lankhondo (ABST) (870 mu ABSTs khumi yaku US ndi magalimoto 522). mu ABCTs asanu ndi limodzi a US National Guard) - ena onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa, mothballed m'malo osungiramo katundu omwe amwazikana padziko lonse lapansi, ndi zina zotero. Akasinja awa, pazifukwa zodziwikiratu, samagulitsidwa - mu 1980-1995, US Army idalandira, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku 8100 mpaka 9300 M1 matanki a zosintha zonse, zomwe zopitilira 1000 zidatumizidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali zidutswa zikwi zitatu kapena zinayi m'malo osungiramo katundu aku America, ena mwa iwo, komabe, ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri wa M1 wokhala ndi mfuti ya 105-mm M68A1. Ofunika kwambiri ndi a M1A1FEPs, omwe pafupifupi 400 akhalabe "akuyendayenda" kuyambira pamene asilikali a Marine Corps anasiya zida zankhondo (onani WiT 12/2020) - asilikali a US Marine Corps adzachotsedwa kumapeto kwa chaka. Chifukwa chake mutha kugula M1A1 yokha pazosintha zosiyanasiyana. Tsopano tiyeni tione Abrams mwiniwake.