ABS, ASR ndi ESP. Kodi othandizira ma driver amagetsi amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Galimoto yamakono iliyonse imakhala ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zimathandizira kuyendetsa bwino ndikuwongolera chitetezo. ABS, ASR ndi ESP ndi zilembo zomwe madalaivala ambiri amvapo. Komabe, si aliyense amene akudziwa zomwe zili kumbuyo kwawo.
ABS ndi anti-lock braking system. Zomverera zomwe zili pafupi ndi aliyense wa iwo zimatumiza zambiri za liwiro la kuzungulira kwa mawilo kangapo kangapo pamphindikati. Ngati itsika kwambiri kapena ikatsika mpaka zero, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kutsekeka kwa magudumu. Kuti izi zisachitike, gawo lowongolera la ABS limachepetsa kuthamanga kwa pisitoni ya brake ya gudumulo. Koma mpaka nthawi yomwe gudumu likhoza kutembenukanso. Mwa kubwereza ndondomekoyi kangapo pamphindikati, ndizotheka kuthyola bwino ndikusunga luso loyendetsa galimoto, mwachitsanzo, kupewa kugunda ndi chopinga. Galimoto yopanda ABS ikatseka mawilo imatsetsereka panjanji. ABS imalepheretsanso galimoto yotsika kuti isasunthike pamtunda ndikugwira mosiyanasiyana. M'galimoto yosakhala ya ABS, yomwe, mwachitsanzo, ili ndi mawilo akumanja pamsewu wa chipale chofewa, kukanikiza brake mwamphamvu kumapangitsa kuti iwongolere kumtunda wokhazikika.
Zotsatira za ABS siziyenera kufananizidwa ndi kufupikitsa mtunda woyimitsa. Ntchito ya dongosololi ndi kupereka chiwongolero chowongolera panthawi yachangu mabuleki. Nthawi zina - mwachitsanzo, mu chipale chofewa kapena pamsewu wa miyala - ABS imatha kuwonjezera mtunda woyima. Kumbali ina, m’njira yokhazikika, akumakokera mokwanira mawilo onse, amatha kuimitsa galimotoyo mofulumira kuposa ngakhale woyendetsa wodziŵa kwambiri.
M'galimoto yokhala ndi ABS, kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi kumangokhala kukanikiza chopondapo pansi (sichimatsegulidwa). Zamagetsi zidzasamalira kugawa koyenera kwa braking force. Tsoka ilo, madalaivala ambiri amaiwala za izi - ichi ndi cholakwika chachikulu, chifukwa kuchepetsa mphamvu yoyendetsa pa pedal kumathandiza kukulitsa mtunda wa braking.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anti-lock brakes amatha kuchepetsa ngozi ndi 35%. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti European Union anayambitsa ntchito yake mu magalimoto atsopano (mu 2004), ndipo mu Poland anakhala wovomerezeka kuyambira m'ma 2006.
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Kuyambira 2011-2014, kuwongolera pakompyuta kudakhala kokhazikika pamamodeli omwe adangoyambitsidwa kumene ndipo pambuyo pake pamagalimoto onse ogulitsidwa ku Europe. ESP imasankha njira yomwe dalaivala akufunira kutengera zambiri za liwiro la gudumu, ma g-force kapena ngodya yowongolera. Ngati ichoka ku yeniyeniyo, ESP imayamba kugwira ntchito. Mwa kusankha ma braking mawilo osankhidwa ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya injini, imabwezeretsa kukhazikika kwagalimoto. ESP imatha kuchepetsa zotsatira za understeer (kutuluka pakona yakutsogolo) ndi oversteer (kubweza kumbuyo). Chachiwiri mwazinthu izi chimakhudza kwambiri chitetezo, chifukwa madalaivala ambiri amalimbana ndi kuwongolera.
ESP singaphwanye malamulo a physics. Ngati dalaivala sasintha liwiro kuti ligwirizane ndi momwe zinthu zilili kapena kupindika kwake, dongosololi silingathe kuthandizira kuyendetsa galimotoyo. Ndikoyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mphamvu zake zimakhudzidwanso ndi khalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha matayala, kapena chikhalidwe cha ma shock absorbers ndi ma braking system.
Mabuleki nawonso ndi gawo lofunikira pamayendedwe owongolera, omwe amatchedwa ASR kapena TC. Imayerekezera liwiro la kuzungulira kwa magudumu. Pamene skid wapezeka, ndi ASR mabuleki kutsetsereka, amene nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kuchepetsa injini mphamvu. Zotsatira zake ndikupondereza skid ndikusintha mphamvu zambiri zoyendetsa ku gudumu ndikumakoka bwino. Komabe, kuwongolera koyendetsa sikuli kothandiza dalaivala nthawi zonse. ASR yokha ndi yomwe ingapereke zotsatira zabwino pa chipale chofewa kapena mchenga. Ndi dongosolo logwirira ntchito, sikungathekenso "kugwedeza" galimotoyo, zomwe zingakhale zosavuta kutuluka mumsampha woterera.
