Exoskeleton design

Onani zitsanzo zisanu ndi ziwiri za ma exoskeletons omwe amatitsogolera m'tsogolo.

HAL

Cyberdyne's HAL (yachidule ya Hybrid Assistive Limb) idapangidwa ngati dongosolo lathunthu, kungotchulapo ochepa. Zinthu za robotic ziyenera kuyanjana kwathunthu ndikulumikizana ndi malingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito.

Munthu akuyenda mu exoskeleton sadzafunika kupereka malamulo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lililonse ulamuliro.

HAL imasintha kuzizindikiro zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi ubongo kupita ku thupi, ndipo zimayamba kuyenda nazo zokha.

Chizindikirocho chimatengedwa ndi masensa omwe ali pamtunda waukulu kwambiri.

Mtima wa Hal, woikidwa m'kabokosi kakang'ono kumbuyo kwake, adzagwiritsa ntchito mapurosesa omangidwa kuti adziwe ndi kufalitsa uthenga wolandiridwa kuchokera ku thupi.

Kuthamanga kwa data ndikofunikira kwambiri pankhaniyi. Opanga amatsimikizira kuti kuchedwa sikudzakhala kosawoneka konse.

Komanso, dongosololi lidzatha kutumiza zokopa ku ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tisamakhulupirire kuti mayendedwe athu onse adzawonetsedwa ndi machitidwe a mafupa.

• Wopanga wapanga mitundu ingapo ya HAL:

  ntchito zachipatala - chifukwa cha malamba owonjezera ndi zothandizira, dongosololi lidzatha kuthandizira anthu omwe ali ndi mwendo wa paresis;

• kuti agwiritse ntchito payekha - chitsanzocho chapangidwa kuti chithandizire ntchito ya mwendo, kuyang'ana makamaka pakuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka anthu okalamba kapena anthu omwe akuchiritsidwa;
• yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiwalo chimodzi - compact HAL, yomwe imalemera 1,5 kg yokha, ilibe zomangira zokhazikika, ndipo cholinga chake ndikupititsa patsogolo kugwira ntchito kwa nthambi yosankhidwa; miyendo ndi manja onse;
• pakutsitsa chigawo cha lumbar - njira yomwe idapangidwa kuti ithandizire minofu yomwe ili pamenepo, yomwe poyamba imakupatsani mwayi wopindika ndikukweza zolemera. Padzakhalanso matembenuzidwe a ntchito zapadera.

  Zida zosinthidwa bwino zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molimbika, komanso pakukhazikitsa malamulo kapena ntchito zadzidzidzi, kotero kuti membala wa brigade akhoza, mwachitsanzo, kukweza chidutswa cha khoma la nyumba yomwe idagwa.

  Ndikoyenera kuwonjezera kuti imodzi mwazomasulira zapamwamba kwambiri mwachitsanzo Cyberdyne, mtundu wa HAL-5 Type-B, unakhala ma exoskeleton oyamba kulandira chiphaso cha chitetezo padziko lonse lapansi.

[JAPANESE IRON MAN] Zovala za loboti za Cyberdyne HAL

Bwerezani kuyenda

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) idavomereza mtundu woyamba kugulitsidwa ku US chaka chatha. ma exoskeletons kwa anthu olumala.

Chifukwa cha chipangizochi, chomwe chimatchedwa ReWalk System, anthu omwe ataya mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito miyendo yawo adzatha kuima ndi kuyenda kachiwiri.

ReWalk idadziwika pomwe Claire Lomas adayenda njira yake yoyambirira ya London Marathon.

Monga gawo la mayesowo, bambo wina Robert Wu anali wolumala posachedwapa kuyambira m'chiuno kupita pansi. egzoszkielet ReWalk komanso pa ndodo, amatha kujowina anthu odutsa m'misewu ya Manhattan.

Architect Wu adayesa kale mitundu yam'mbuyomu ya ReWalk Personal ndipo adanenanso zosintha zingapo kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Panopa ndi zachilendoReWalk imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu khumi ndi awiri padziko lonse lapansi, koma ntchito yomaliza ikuchitikabe.

Wu amayamika ReWalk Personal 6.0 osati chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake komanso kusavuta kwake, komanso chifukwa chokhala m'malo osakwana mphindi 10. Ntchito yokhayo, yoyendetsedwa ndi wolamulira wamanja, imakhalanso yosavuta.

Kampani ya Israeli ya Argo Medical Technologies, yomwe inayambitsa kulengedwa kwa ReWalk, inalandira chilolezo chogulitsa ndi kugawa kwa madokotala ndi odwala. Chotchinga, komabe, ndi mtengo - ReWalk pano imawononga 65k. madola.

ReWalk - Yendaninso: Argo Exoskeleton Technology

FORTIS

The FORTIS exoskeleton imatha kukweza kupitirira 16kg. Panopa ikupangidwa ndi Lockheed Martin. Mu 2014, nkhawa idayamba kuyesa mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri ku mafakitale aku America.

Oyamba kupezekapo anali antchito a fakitale ya C-130 yonyamula ndege ku Marietta, Georgia.

Chifukwa cha njira yolumikizira, FORTIS imakulolani kusamutsa kulemera kuchokera m'manja mwanu kupita pansi. Wogwira ntchitoyo satopa monga kale ndipo safunika kupuma nthawi zambiri monga kale.

exkelekeleton ili ndi counterweight yapadera yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, yomwe imakulolani kuti mukhalebe bwino mukanyamula katundu.

Izi zikutsatira kuti safuna mphamvu ndi mabatire, zomwe ndizofunikanso. Chaka chatha, Lockheed Martin adalandira lamulo loti apereke mayeso osachepera mayunitsi awiri. Makasitomala ndi National Center for Industrial Sciences, m'malo mwa US Navy.

Mayeserowa adzachitidwa ngati gawo la pulogalamu ya Commercial Technologies for Maintenance, kumalo oyesera a Navy aku US, komanso mwachindunji kumalo awo ogwiritsira ntchito mapeto - m'madoko ndi zakuthupi.

Cholinga cha polojekiti ndikuwunika kuyenerera exkelekeleton kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi akatswiri a Navy aku US ndi ogula omwe amagwira ntchito tsiku lililonse ndi zida zolemera komanso zodzaza nthawi zambiri kapena omwe amalimbikira kwambiri ponyamula zida ndi zida zankhondo.

Lockheed Martin "Fortis" exoskeleton ikugwira ntchito

Komatsu

Panasonic's Power Loader, Activelink, amachitcha "mphamvu robot."

Amawoneka ngati ambiri exoskeleton prototypes amawonetsedwa paziwonetsero zamalonda ndi maukadaulo ena aukadaulo.

Komabe, zimasiyana ndi iwo, makamaka, kuti posachedwa zidzatheka kugula mwachizolowezi komanso chifukwa chosawononga ndalama.

Power Loader imathandizira kulimba kwa minofu yamunthu ndi ma actuators 22. Zikhumbo zomwe zimayendetsa actuator zimafalitsidwa pamene wogwiritsa ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Zomverera zomwe zimayikidwa muzitsulo zimakulolani kuti musamangokhalira kukanikiza, komanso vekitala ya mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa makina "amadziwa" kumene akuyenera kuchita.

Mtundu ukuyesedwa pano womwe umakulolani kukweza momasuka 50-60 kg. Mapulaniwo akuphatikiza Power Loader yokhala ndi katundu wokwana 100 kg. Okonza amatsindika kuti chipangizocho sichimayikidwa mochuluka momwe chimakhalira. Mwina ndichifukwa chake samadzitcha okha exkelekeleton.

Loboti ya Exoskeleton yokhala ndi mphamvu yokulitsa Power Loader #DigInfo

Walker

Ndi ndalama zochokera ku European Union, gulu lapadziko lonse la asayansi lapanga zida zowongolera malingaliro m'zaka zitatu zantchito zomwe zimalola olumala kuyenda.

Chipangizocho, chotchedwa MindWalker, chinali chimodzi mwazoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wodwala Antonio Melillo, yemwe msana wake unang'ambika pangozi ya galimoto, ku chipatala cha Santa Lucia ku Rome.

Wozunzidwayo adataya mphamvu m'miyendo yake. Wogwiritsa exkelekeleton amavala chipewa chokhala ndi maelekitirodi khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi omwe amalemba zizindikiro za ubongo.

Phukusili lilinso ndi magalasi okhala ndi ma LED owala. Galasi lililonse limakhala ndi ma LED akuthwanima mosiyanasiyana.

Kuchuluka kwa blink kumakhudza masomphenya a wogwiritsa ntchito. Occipital cortex ya ubongo imasanthula zizindikiro zomwe zikutuluka. Ngati wodwalayo akuyang'ana kumanzere kwa ma LED, exkelekeleton idzayambika. Kuyikira kumanja kumachepetsa chipangizocho.

Ma exoskeleton opanda mabatire amalemera pafupifupi 30 kg, kotero kuti mtundu uwu wa chipangizo ndi wopepuka kwambiri. MindWalker amasunga munthu wamkulu wolemera mpaka 100 kg pamapazi ake. Mayesero azachipatala a zida adayamba mu 2013. Zakonzedwa kuti MindWalker ipangidwe zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.

KWA IZI

Iyenera kukhala yothandizira kwathunthu kwa msilikali pabwalo lankhondo. Dzina lonse ndi Human Universal Load Carrier, ndipo chidule cha HULC chimalumikizidwa ndi buku lanthabwala lamphamvu. Idawonetsedwa koyamba pachiwonetsero cha DSEi ku London mu 2009.

Amakhala ndi masilindala a hydraulic ndi kompyuta yotetezedwa ku chilengedwe ndipo safuna kuziziritsa kwina.

The exoskeleton amalola kunyamula zida 90 kg pa liwiro la 4 km/h. pa mtunda wa 20 Km, ndi kuthamanga mpaka 7 km / h.

Chitsanzo choperekedwacho chinali cholemera 24 kg. Mu 2011, ntchito ya zida zimenezi anayesedwa, ndipo patapita chaka anayesedwa mu Afghanistan.

Chachikulu chomangika ndi miyendo ya titaniyamu yomwe imathandizira ntchito ya minofu ndi mafupa, kuwirikiza mphamvu zawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito masensa exkelekeleton akhoza kuchita mayendedwe ofanana ndi munthu. Kuti munyamule zinthu, mungagwiritse ntchito gawo la LAD (Lift Assist Device), lomwe limamangiriridwa kumbuyo kwa chimango, ndipo pali zowonjezera zomwe zimakhala ndi mapeto osinthika pamwamba pazitsulo.

Gawoli limakupatsani mwayi wokweza zinthu mpaka 70 kg. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asitikali okhala ndi kutalika kwa 1,63 mpaka 1,88 m, pomwe kulemera kopanda kanthu ndi 37,2 kg ndi mabatire asanu ndi limodzi a BB 2590, omwe amatha maola 4,5-5 akugwira ntchito (mkati mwa utali wa 20 km) - komabe, monga momwe amayembekezera. amasinthidwa ndi maselo amafuta a Protonex okhala ndi moyo wantchito mpaka maola 72.

HULC likupezeka mu mitundu itatu: kumenya (owonjezera ballistic chishango masekeli 43 kg), logistic (payload 70 kg) ndi zofunika (kulondera).

Exoskeleton Lockheed Martin HULC

TALOS

M'gulu la zida zankhondo, iyi ndi sitepe yakutsogolo poyerekeza ndi HULC.

Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, asilikali a ku United States anapempha asayansi ochokera m’ma laboratories ofufuza, mabungwe oteteza chitetezo, ndi mabungwe a boma kuti agwiritse ntchito zida za msilikali wam’tsogolo zomwe zikanamupatsa mphamvu zoposa zaumunthu zokha zoperekedwa ndi opangidwa kale. ma exoskeletonskomanso kutha kuwona, kuzindikira ndi kukumbatira pamlingo womwe sunachitikepo.

Gulu lankhondo latsopanoli nthawi zambiri limatchedwa "Zovala za Iron Man". TALOS (Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit) amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Zomverera zomangidwa mu suti zimayang'anira chilengedwe komanso msilikaliyo.

Chojambula cha hydraulic chiyenera kupatsa mphamvu, ndipo makina owunikira ngati Google Glass akuyenera kupereka kulumikizana ndi luntha lazaka za zana la XNUMX. Zonsezi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mbadwo watsopano wa zida.

Kuphatikiza apo, zidazo ziyenera kupereka chitetezo m'malo owopsa, zitetezeni ku zipolopolo, kuyambira mfuti zamakina (osachepera zopepuka) - zonse ndi zida zopangidwa ndi "zamadzimadzi" zapadera, zomwe ziyenera kuumitsa nthawi yomweyo zikakhudzidwa. maginito kapena magetsi kuti apereke chitetezo chokwanira ku ma projectiles.

Asilikali okha akuyembekeza kuti mapangidwe oterowo adzawoneka chifukwa cha kafukufuku omwe akuchitika ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), pomwe suti ya nsalu yapangidwa yomwe imatembenuka kuchoka kumadzi kupita ku yolimba chifukwa cha mphamvu ya maginito.

Chitsanzo choyamba, chomwe ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha tsogolo la TALOS, chinaperekedwa pa chimodzi mwa zochitika zachiwonetsero ku United States mu May 2014. Chitsanzo chenicheni komanso chokwanira chiyenera kumangidwa mu 2016-2018.