Nzeru za njanji: momwe mungawonetsere kuti dizilo sizilephera ngakhale paminus 50

Theka la kutalika kwa njanji zaku Russia sizitanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito masitima apamagetsi amagetsi. Magareta athu amakokedwabe ndi locomotive dizilo - locomotive, yomwe ndi wolowa m'malo mwachindunji wa sitima yamoto, ndipo ili ndi injini ya dizilo yofanana yomwe imayikidwa pamagalimoto. Ochepa chabe. Kodi ogwira ntchito ku Russia Railways amalimbana bwanji ndi chisanu, ndipo batire iyenera kukhala yotani kuti ayambitse sitima?

Zima ndi nthawi yovuta osati kwa magalimoto ndi eni ake okha. Misewu ikuluikulu ya Dziko Lalikulu akadali si misewu yayikulu, koma njanji. Makilomita zikwi makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu, pomwe mazana a sitima zonyamula katundu ndi zonyamula anthu zimathamanga tsiku lililonse. Kuposa theka la njira iyi sikunakhazikitsidwe magetsi: magalimoto a dizilo amagwira ntchito m'misewu yoteroyo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yovuta komanso nyengo. M'mawu ena, dizilo traction.

Mavuto a injini za njanji zomwe zikuyenda pamafuta "olemera" ndi ofanana ndendende ndi a oyendetsa wamba: mafuta a dizilo ndi mafuta amakhuthala kuzizira, zosefera zimakhala zodzaza ndi parafini. Mwa njira, masitima akadali ndi njira yovomerezeka yosinthira mafuta kuchokera kuchilimwe kupita kuchisanu: ma traction motors, mayendedwe, ma gearbox ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimakonzedwa nyengo. Insulate hoses ndi mapaipi a Kutentha dongosolo. Amayikanso makatoni apadera otentha pamiyendo ndi ma radiator ozizira - ichi ndi moni wapadera kwa iwo omwe amaseka makatoni mu grill ya radiator.

Mabatire sikuti amangoyang'ana kachulukidwe ka electrolyte, komanso amatsekeredwa, zomwe, mwa njira, zitha kukhala njira yosangalatsa kwa oyendetsa kumadera akumpoto. Batire palokha ndi "batire" asidi lead ndi mphamvu ya 450-550 A / h ndi masekeli pafupifupi 70 makilogalamu!

"Injini yamoto", mwachitsanzo, "dizilo" yooneka ngati V-16-silinda, ndikukonzekera kuzizira mosiyana. Kuti sitimayo ikhale yokonzeka nthawi zonse panjira, ngakhale chisanu ndi kuzizira, mu October, kukonzekera bwino kwa masitima a m'nyengo yozizira kumayamba. Kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumatsika kufika madigiri +15, kutentha kwa magetsi kumayatsidwa pa injini za dizilo, ndipo pamene thermometer imatsikira ku chiwerengero cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha madigiri +5, nthawi "yotentha" imabwera.

Inde, malinga ndi malamulo, kutentha kwa mafuta mu injini sikuyenera kutsika kuposa madigiri 15-20, malingana ndi chitsanzo cha injini ya dizilo. Kutsika kutentha kunja, m'pamenenso injini imatentha kwambiri. Pamene thermometer ifika pa mlingo wa -15 madigiri, injini siinazimitsidwenso.

Makamu a "mafuta olemera" akuwulukira mu chitoliro samawopsyeza aliyense, chifukwa mu njira yozizira ya injini ya dizilo mulibe antifreeze kapena antifreeze, koma madzi wamba. Ngakhale kumpoto, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Ndichoncho chifukwa chiyani? Inde, chifukwa osachepera malita chikwi cha zoziziritsa kuziziritsa ayenera kutsanuliridwa mu locomotive dizilo, koma kuthina kwa mapaipi onse ndi malumikizidwe si pa mlingo wapamwamba.

Choncho, n'zotheka kuwerengera gawo lazachuma ndikubwera ku lingaliro lovuta komanso lokwera mtengo kuti ndi bwino kuti musapanikize konse. Ndipo ndi khalidwe lanji lomwe antifreeze liyenera kukhala kuti musamazizira tsiku limodzi, mwachitsanzo, "minus 46" penapake pa theka la siteshoni ku Siberia? Ndizotsika mtengo, ndithudi, kuti musazimitse, chifukwa ndondomeko yoziziritsira injini siifulumira, ndipo, tsoka, sikuti nthawi zonse imakhala yopambana. Ndipo sitimayo iyenera kutsatira dongosolo lokhazikika, ngakhale pamakhala zovuta.