Kusintha kwamafuta pakamagwiritsa ntchito pamanja

Mafuta a mchere ndi mafuta achilengedwe, omwe, mwa distillation yosavuta ndi kuchotsa parafini, mafuta amafuta a viscosity inayake amapezeka. Mafuta oterowo sakhala nthawi yayitali, samachita bwino ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika, koma ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri.

Mmodzi wa kusiyana kufala makina ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kufala zodziwikiratu ndi kudalirika, chifukwa mabokosi ambiri kuthamanga 300-700 zikwi Km pamaso kukonzanso, koma n'zotheka ngati wokhazikika ndi yoyenera kusintha mafuta ikuchitika mu kufala Buku.

Momwe makina opatsirana amagwirira ntchito

Maziko a mtundu uwu wa gearbox ndi kufala kwa zida za mauna osalekeza, ndiko kuti, magiya oyendetsa ndi oyendetsedwa ndi liwiro lililonse amalumikizidwa nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, zida zoyendetsedwa sizimalumikizidwa ndi shaft, koma zimayikidwa pamenepo kudzera mu singano yonyamula singano, chifukwa chake imazungulira mosavuta. Kutengera kapangidwe ka bokosilo, mafuta amawalowetsa kuchokera kunja kapena kudzera pabowo mkati mwa shaft.

Mafuta a galimoto

Kusintha kwa zida kumachitika chifukwa cha ma synchronizer clutches, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi shaft ndi mano, koma amatha kusuntha kumanzere kapena kumanja. Zogwirizanitsa zida zimagwirizanitsa zida zoyendetsedwa ndi shaft, kuchita nazo. Kusiyanitsa kumayikidwa mkati ndi kunja kwa bokosilo, malingana ndi mapangidwe a kufalitsa kwamanja.

Kodi mafuta amachita chiyani

Mafuta otumizira (TM) omwe ali m'bokosi amagwira ntchito ziwiri:

• mafuta mkangano pamalo, kuchepetsa mavalidwe awo;
• kuziziritsa mbali zonse, kuchotsa kutentha kwa magiya kupita ku thupi lamalata la unit, lomwe limakhala ngati radiator.

Mafuta amapanga filimu yamafuta pamtunda wopaka zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kukangana, chifukwa chomwe chitsulo chowonda cholimba chimakhala kwazaka zambiri. Zowonjezera ndi kufufuza zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mumafuta zimawonjezera mafuta, ndipo nthawi zina zimabwezeretsanso zitsulo zong'ambika. Pamene liwiro ndi katundu zikuwonjezeka, kutentha kwa pamwamba pa magiya kumakwera, kotero kuti madzi otumizira amawotchera nawo ndikuwotcha nyumbayo, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera kutentha. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi radiator yomwe imachepetsa kutentha kwa mafuta.

Pamene mamasukidwe akayendedwe kapena magawo ena a madzimadzi kufala si kukumana zofunika ndi Mlengi wa unit, zotsatira za mafuta pa onse akusisita mbali kusintha. Mosasamala kanthu kuti chikoka cha mafuta chimasintha bwanji, kuchuluka kwa kupaka kwa malo opaka kumawonjezeka ndipo tchipisi tachitsulo kapena fumbi zimalowa mumadzi opatsirana.

Ngati unityo ili ndi fyuluta yamafuta, ndiye kuti zotsatira za tchipisi ndi fumbi pazigawo zachitsulo ndizochepa, komabe, madziwo akamaipitsidwa, zinyalala zochulukira zachitsulo zimalowa ndipo zimakhudza kuvala kwa zida.

Akatenthedwa kwambiri, mafuta amakoka, ndiko kuti, amathira okosijeni pang'ono, kupanga mwaye wolimba, womwe umapatsa madzi opatsirana mtundu wakuda. Mwaye wamafuta nthawi zambiri umatsekereza ngalande mkati mwa shaft, komanso umachepetsa kutsekemera kwamafuta, kotero kuti mwaye wochulukira m'madzimo, m'pamenenso amavala kwambiri mbali zopaka. Ngati magiya kapena zinthu zina zamakina a mkati mwa gearbox zawonongeka kwambiri, kudzaza madzi atsopano sikuthandizanso, chifukwa chitsulo cholimba chawonongeka, kotero bokosilo likufunika kukonzanso kwakukulu.

Kangati kusintha mafuta

Ndi ntchito mosamala galimoto mafuta kufala kudutsa 50-100 zikwi makilomita asanalowe m'malo, Komabe, ngati galimoto ntchito kunyamula katundu wolemera kapena kuthamanga mofulumira, ndi bwino kuchepetsa theka mtunda. Izi pang'ono kumawonjezera mtengo kusunga galimoto, koma kutalikitsa moyo wa kufala Buku. Ngati migodi chatsanulidwa pamene kusintha mafuta kufala Buku si kununkhiza kuwotcha ndipo si mdima, ndiye kusintha TM mu nthawi, ndi gwero kufala amadya pa liwiro osachepera.

Kusintha kwamafuta

Njira yosinthira mafuta pamapazi amanja imaphatikizapo masitepe atatu:

• kusankha kwa madzimadzi opatsirana ndi zogwiritsira ntchito;
• kutaya zinyalala;
• kuthira zinthu zatsopano.

Kusankha madzimadzi opatsirana

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito makina ambiri amawonetsa mtundu wina wamafuta, nthawi zambiri kuchokera kumabizinesi ang'onoang'ono a makina otumizira kapena opanga magalimoto. Komabe, pakusintha koyenera kwa mafuta pamapazi amanja, sikuti mtundu kapena mtundu wamadzimadzi ndikofunikira, koma mawonekedwe ake enieni, makamaka:

• Kukhuthala kwa SAE;
• Gulu la API;
• mtundu wa maziko.

Gawo la SAE limafotokoza kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi opatsirana kutengera zinthu ziwiri:

• kutentha kwakunja;
• kutentha pamalo ochezera.

SAE yamadzimadzi opatsirana yozizira imatchulidwa mumtundu wa "xx W xx", pomwe manambala awiri oyambirira amafotokoza kutentha kwapanja komwe mafuta amakhalabe ndi lubricity, ndipo manambala achiwiri amafotokoza kukhuthala kwa madigiri 100 Celsius.

Gulu la API limafotokoza cholinga chamafuta, ndiye kuti, ndi mtundu wanji wa ma gearbox omwe amapangidwira ndipo amawonetsedwa ndi zilembo GL zotsatiridwa ndi nambala, yomwe ndi kalasi. Kwa magalimoto okwera, mafuta a makalasi GL-3 - GL-6 ndi abwino. Koma, pali malire, mwachitsanzo, GL-4 yekha ndi oyenera mabokosi ndi synchronizers opangidwa ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, ngati mudzaza GL-5, ndiye kuti mbali zimenezi mwamsanga kulephera. Choncho, malangizo a wopanga ayenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa.

Mtundu wa maziko ndi zinthu zomwe TM imapangidwira, komanso teknoloji yopangira. Pali mitundu itatu ya maziko:

• mchere;
• theka-synthetic;
• zopangidwa.

Mafuta a mchere ndi mafuta achilengedwe, omwe, mwa distillation yosavuta ndi kuchotsa parafini, mafuta amafuta a viscosity inayake amapezeka. Mafuta oterowo sakhala nthawi yayitali, samachita bwino ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika, koma ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri.

Mafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta omwe amasinthidwa ndi catalytic hydrocracking (deep distillation) kukhala mafuta omwe amakhala okhazikika pa kutentha kulikonse ndi moyo wautali wautumiki kuposa mchere.

Semi-synthetic base ndi osakaniza a mineral and synthetic particles mosiyanasiyana, amaphatikiza magawo ogwirira ntchito bwino kuposa madzi amchere komanso mtengo wotsika.

Momwe mungasankhire mafuta a gearbox

Pezani pepala kapena malangizo apakompyuta agalimoto yanu ndikuwona zofunikira za TM pamenepo. Kenako pezani mafuta omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira izi ndikusankha omwe mumakonda. Ena eni magalimoto amakonda kutenga TM kokha zopanga zakunja pansi pa zopangidwa odziwika bwino, poopa kuti mafuta Russian ndi oipa kwambiri khalidwe. Koma nkhawa zotsogola, monga GM, mgwirizano wa Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi ndi ena, avomereza mafuta ochokera ku Lukoil ndi Rosneft, omwe akuwonetsa ukadaulo wapamwamba wa TM kuchokera kwa opanga awa.

Mafuta otumizira pamanja pagalimoto

Choncho, kusintha mafuta mu gearbox zimango si chofunika mtundu TM, koma chiyambi chake, chifukwa ngati madzi ogulidwa amapangidwadi pa mafakitale "Rosneft" kapena "Lukoil", ndiye palibe choipa kuposa zakumwa pansi pa Shell. kapena mafoni amtundu.

Zinyalala kuda

Opaleshoniyi imachitika m'njira yomweyo pamakina onse, koma magalimoto okhala ndi chilolezo chochepa amakulungidwa m'dzenje, kudutsa kapena kukweza, ndipo magalimoto okhala ndi chilolezo chachikulu safuna izi, chifukwa mutha kugona pansi kukhetsa. pulagi.

Kuti muchotse mafuta, tsatirani izi:

tenthetsani bokosi poyendetsa galimoto kwa 3-5 Km, kapena kusiya injini kuti ikhale yopanda ntchito kwa mphindi 5-10;

• ngati kuli kofunikira, gudubuza galimotoyo pa dzenje, modutsa kapena kukweza;
• kuchotsa chitetezo cha injini ndi gearbox (ngati anaika);
• lowetsani chidebe choyera kuti mulandire migodi;
• chotsani pulagi ya drain;
• dikirani mpaka madzi otayira atha kwathunthu;
• ngati kuli kofunikira, m'malo mwa O-ring kapena pulagi;
• Pukuta dzenje la mafuta ndi malo ozungulira ndi chiguduli choyera;
• piritsani pulagi ndikumangitsa ku torque yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa.

Kutsatizana kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina aliwonse amakina, kuphatikiza omwe amasiyanitsidwa padera (mafuta amathiridwa kuchokera pakusiyana malinga ndi algorithm yomweyo). Pamagalimoto ena, palibe pulagi ya drain, kotero amachotsa poto, ndipo ikamangiriridwa ku bokosilo, amayika gasket yatsopano kapena kugwiritsa ntchito sealant.

Kudzaza ndi madzi atsopano

Mafuta atsopano amaperekedwa kudzera mu dzenje la filler, lomwe lili kuti, ndi madzi okwanira, likhale pamtunda wa m'mphepete mwa dzenje ili. Ngati pazifukwa zina izi sizingatheke, mwachitsanzo, n'zovuta kubweretsa syringe yodzaza kapena payipi ku dzenje, imatsegulidwa kuti iwononge mlingo, ndipo HM imadyetsedwa kudzera mu mpweya (mpweya).

Fluid imaperekedwa potengera njira imodzi mwazida izi:

• dongosolo lodzaza;
• payipi yolimbana ndi mafuta yokhala ndi funnel;
• syringe wamkulu.

Dongosolo lodzaza siligwirizana ndi zotumizira zonse, ngati silili loyenera kwa bokosi lina, muyenera kukhazikitsa adaputala yoyenera. Paipi yosagwirizana ndi mafuta imagwirizana ndi zotumiza zonse, komabe anthu awiri amafunikira kuti mudzaze izi. Ndikotheka kugwiritsa ntchito TM ndi syringe ngakhale nokha, koma sikoyenera nthawi zonse kuyiyika mu dzenje lodzaza.

Werenganinso: Chiwongolero chowongolera damper - cholinga ndi malamulo oyika

Pomaliza

Kusintha mafuta mu kaphatikizidwe kamanja kumatalikitsa moyo wa bokosi mwa kuchepetsa kuvala pazigawo zonse zopaka. Tsopano mukudziwa:

• ndi njira ziti zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti musinthe mafuta panjira yotumizira;
• momwe mungasankhire madzimadzi atsopano opatsirana;
• momwe mungaphatikizire migodi;
• mmene kuikamo mafuta atsopano.

Kuchita motere, mutha kusintha paokha, popanda kulumikizana ndi galimoto, kusintha TM pamakina aliwonse.

Momwe mungasinthire mafuta mumayendedwe amanja komanso momwe mungasinthire mafuta pamakasipu amanja