Tanki yapakatikati T-34
Tanki yapakatikati T-34
Kuyenda kwakukulu kunaperekedwa ndi injini yamphamvu ya dizilo ndi mayendedwe ambiri. Kupanga kwakukulu kwa mapangidwewo kunapangitsa kuti akhazikitse kupanga kwamtundu wa T-34 pamitengo isanu ndi iwiri yopangira makina osiyanasiyana. Pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lathu, pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa akasinja opangidwa, ntchito yokonza mapangidwe awo ndi kuchepetsa teknoloji yopangira inathetsedwa. Ma prototypes oyambirira a turret opangidwa ndi welded ndi oponyedwa, omwe anali ovuta kupanga, adasinthidwa ndi chophweka chophweka cha hexagonal turret. Moyo wautali wa injini watheka chifukwa cha zotsukira mpweya zogwira mtima kwambiri, makina opaka mafuta abwino, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa kazembe wamitundu yonse. Kusintha clutch yayikulu ndikuyika yotsogola kwambiri komanso kuyika bokosi lamagiya asanu m'malo mokhala ndi ma liwiro anayi kunathandizira kuti liwiro liwonjezeke. Ma track amphamvu ndi odzigudubuza amathandizira kuti kavalo wapakatikati akhale wodalirika. Choncho, kudalirika kwa thanki yonse kunawonjezeka, pamene zovuta za kupanga zidachepetsedwa. Pazonse, mu zaka za nkhondo, akasinja oposa 52 T-34, omwe adagwira nawo nkhondo zonse.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha thanki T-34Pa Okutobala 13, 1937, Kharkov Steam Locomotive Plant yotchedwa Comintern (chomera nambala 183) idapatsidwa zofunikira mwanzeru komanso mwaukadaulo popanga ndi kupanga thanki yatsopano yamawilo ya BT-20. Kuti akwaniritse ntchitoyi, ndi chigamulo cha 8th Directorate of the People's Commissariat of the Defense Industry, pa fakitaleyo idapangidwa ofesi yapadera yopangira, yoyang'anira mwachindunji kwa injiniya wamkulu. Analandira dzina la fakitale A-20. M'kati mwa mapangidwe ake, thanki lina linapangidwa, pafupifupi lofanana ndi A-20 potengera kulemera ndi miyeso. Kusiyana kwake kwakukulu kunali kusowa kwa gudumu.
Chifukwa chake, pa May 4, 1938, pa msonkhano wa Komiti ya Chitetezo cha USSR, ntchito ziwiri zinaperekedwa: thanki ya A-20 yokhala ndi mawilo ndi thanki ya A-32. Mu August, onsewa adaganiziridwa pamsonkhano wa Bungwe Lankhondo Lalikulu, adavomerezedwa ndipo mu theka loyamba la chaka chotsatira adapangidwa ndizitsulo.
Malinga ndi deta yake luso ndi maonekedwe, thanki A-32 amasiyana pang'ono ndi A-20. Zinali zolemera tani 1 (kulemera kwa nkhondo - matani 19), zinali ndi miyeso yofanana ndi mawonekedwe a hull ndi turret. Chomera chamagetsi chinali chofanana - dizilo V-2. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kunali kusowa kwa gudumu, makulidwe a zida (30 mm m'malo mwa 25 mm kwa A-20), cannon 76 mm (45 mm poyamba inayikidwa pa chitsanzo choyamba), kukhalapo kwa zisanu. mawilo amsewu mbali imodzi mu chassis.
Mayesero ophatikizana a makina onsewa adachitika mu Julayi-Ogasiti 1939 pabwalo la maphunziro ku Kharkov ndipo adawulula kufanana kwa machitidwe awo aukadaulo ndiukadaulo, makamaka amphamvu. Liwiro pazipita magalimoto nkhondo pa njanji anali yemweyo - 65 Km / h; Kuthamanga pafupifupi ndi pafupifupi ofanana, ndi liwiro ntchito thanki A-20 pa mawilo ndi njanji sanali amasiyana kwambiri. Malingana ndi zotsatira za mayesero, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti A-32, yomwe inali ndi malire owonjezera misa, iyenera kutetezedwa ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri, motero, kuwonjezera mphamvu za ziwalo za munthu. thanki latsopano analandira dzina A-34.
Mu October - November 1939 anayesedwa makina awiri A-32, yodzaza makilogalamu 6830 (mpaka kulemera kwa A-34). Pamaziko a mayesero awa, December 19, thanki A-34 anatengedwa ndi Red Army pansi chizindikiro T-34. Mpaka chiyambi cha nkhondo, akuluakulu a People's Commissariat of Defense analibe lingaliro lolimba la tanki ya T-34, yomwe idayikidwa kale. Oyang'anira chomera No. 183 sanagwirizane ndi maganizo a makasitomala ndipo adadandaula chigamulochi ku ofesi yapakati ndi commissariat ya anthu, ndikudzipereka kuti apitirize kupanga ndikupatsa asilikali T-34 akasinja ndi kukonzanso ndi mtunda wa chitsimikizo kuchepetsedwa mpaka 1000. Km (kuchokera 3000). K. E. Voroshilov anathetsa mkanganowo, akugwirizana ndi maganizo a zomera. Komabe, zovuta zazikulu zomwe zanenedwa mu lipoti la akatswiri a NIBT Polygon - kulimba sikunakonzedwe.
Mu mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, thanki ya T-34 yomwe inatulutsidwa mu 1940 inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri ya zida zankhondo. M'nthaŵi yankhondo, iwo anayenera kudzipereka nsembe chifukwa cha kupanga kwakukulu kwa galimoto yankhondo. Ndondomeko yapachiyambi ya 1940 inapereka kupanga 150 serial T-34s, koma mu June chiwerengerochi chinawonjezeka kufika pa 600. Komanso, kupanga kumayenera kutumizidwa ku Plant No. 183 komanso ku Stalingrad Tractor Plant (STZ) , yomwe imayenera kupanga magalimoto 100. Komabe, dongosolo limeneli linakhala kutali ndi zenizeni: ndi September 15, 1940 pa KhPZ 3 okha siriyo akasinja anapangidwa, ndi akasinja Stalingrad T-34 anasiya msonkhano fakitale mu 1941.
Magalimoto atatu oyambilira mu Novembala-December 1940 adayesedwa mozama komanso mtunda wautali panjira ya Kharkov-Kubinka-Smolensk-Kiev-Kharkov. Mayesowa adachitidwa ndi akuluakulu a NIBT Polygon. Iwo adazindikira zolakwika zambiri zamapangidwe kotero kuti amakayikira kupambana kwa makina omwe akuyesedwa. GABTU idapereka lipoti loyipa. Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti mbale zida anaika pa ngodya zazikulu, makulidwe a zida za 34 T-1940 thanki kuposa ambiri pafupifupi magalimoto nthawi imeneyo. Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu chinali mfuti ya L-11 yokhala ndi mipiringidzo yayifupi.
Wachiwiri chitsanzo A-34
Poyamba, mu thanki anaika 76 mamilimita L-11 mitsuko ndi mbiya kutalika 30,5 calibers, ndipo kuyambira February 1941, pamodzi ndi L-11, anayamba kukhazikitsa 76 mm F-34 cannon ndi mbiya kutalika 41 calibers. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusinthako kunakhudza kokha chigoba cha zida za mbali yogwedezeka ya mfuti. Pofika kumapeto kwa chilimwe cha 1941, akasinja a T-34 adapangidwa kokha ndi mfuti ya F-34, yomwe inapangidwa pa chomera No. 92 ku Gorky. Pambuyo pa chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yaikulu Yadziko Lonse, ndi lamulo la GKO No. Pa nthawi yomweyo Sormovites analoledwa kukhazikitsa mbali ndege anabweretsa ku Kharkov pa akasinja.
Choncho, mu kugwa kwa 1941, STZ anakhalabe yekha kupanga akasinja akuluakulu T-34. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo anayesa tumizani amasulidwe pazipita chiwerengero cha zigawo zikuluzikulu mu Stalingrad. Zitsulo zankhondo zidachokera ku chomera cha Krasny Oktyabr, zida zankhondo zidawotchedwa pa sitima yapamadzi ya Stalingrad (chomera No. 264), mfuti zidaperekedwa ndi chomera cha Barrikady. Motero, pafupifupi mkombero wathunthu wa kupanga unalinganizidwa mu mzinda. Zinalinso chimodzimodzi ku Gorky ndi Nizhny Tagil. Tikumbukenso kuti wopanga aliyense anasintha zina ndi kuwonjezera pa mapangidwe galimotoyo malinga ndi luso luso, choncho akasinja T-34 zomera zosiyanasiyana anali ndi maonekedwe awo.
Okwana, 35312 T-34 akasinja anapangidwa panthawi imeneyi, kuphatikizapo 1170 flamethrower. Pali tebulo la kupanga T-34, lomwe limasiyana pang'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa akasinja opangidwa: 1940
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T-34 thanki analengedwa pamaziko a odziwa sing'anga A-32 ndipo anayamba utumiki mu December 1939. Mapangidwe a makumi atatu ndi anayi akuwonetsa kudumpha kwachulukidwe munyumba yamatangi apanyumba komanso apadziko lonse lapansi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, galimotoyo imaphatikiza zida zotsutsana ndi mizinga, zida zamphamvu ndi chassis yodalirika. Zida za projectile sizimaperekedwa kokha ndi zida zogubuduza zamtundu waukulu, komanso ndi malingaliro awo omveka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulumikiza mapepala kunkachitidwa ndi njira yowotcherera pamanja, yomwe panthawi yopanga idasinthidwa ndi kuwotcherera kwachangu. thanki anali ndi zida 76,2 mamilimita L-11 mizinga, amene posakhalitsa m'malo ndi wamphamvu F-32 mizinga, ndiyeno F-34. Choncho, ponena za zida, zidafanana ndi thanki yolemera ya KV-1.
