N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera airbags m'galimoto: mfundo ntchito, mitundu ndi zikhalidwe ntchito

Airbags ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zamagalimoto amakono. Ndizovuta kukhulupirira, koma zaka 40 zapitazo, palibe mtsogoleri wamakampani ngakhale adaganiza zowayika, ndipo tsopano dongosolo la SRS (kuchoka. Dzina) liyenera kukhala m'magalimoto onse opangidwa. Osachepera popanda iwo, wopanga sangathe kuwona satifiketi ya NHTSA.

Oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amamvetsetsanso kuti chipangizochi chingapulumutse miyoyo yawo ndikusankha mitundu yotetezeka.

Chifukwa chake musanagule, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chidwi ndi ma airbags angati omwe akuphatikizidwa mu phukusili, ndipo kuti mukhale odziwa bwino pankhaniyi, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muzindikire osati chiphunzitso chowuma cha chipangizo cha airbag, komanso ndi mitundu yawo, malo oyikapo, zovuta zomwe zingatheke komanso moyo wautumiki (zoyenera kugula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito).

Kodi airbags adawoneka liti komanso bwanji

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, adaganiza zopanga mapilo kumbuyo kwa 40s, ngakhale osati kwa oyendetsa galimoto, koma oyendetsa ndege. Koma zinthu sizinapitirire ma patent. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60s, Ford ndi Crysler nayenso anayamba kugwira ntchito kumbali iyi, koma ndi vuto limodzi - zikwama za airbags zinkawonedwa ngati njira ina ya malamba.

Posakhalitsa GM inathetsa nkhaniyi, ndikutulutsa magalimoto 10 okhala ndi airbags. Ziwerengero zinasonyeza kuti anthu 000 anafa (ndipo mmodzi anadwala matenda a mtima). Pokhapokha pamene a NHTSA adawona izi ngati njira yodalirika ndipo adapereka lamulo lovomerezeka la Airbags m'galimoto iliyonse.

Ndipo popeza msika waku America udali waukulu kwambiri, opanga ku Europe ndi ku Japan adasintha mwachangu ndipo posakhalitsa adayamba kutulutsa zomwe zikuchitika mderali.

Nkhaniyi ikutha mu 1981. Mercedes-Benz imatulutsa W126, pomwe ma airbags anali ophatikizidwa ndi lamba. Njirayi idalola kuti pakhale 90% ya mphamvu zomwe zidakhudzidwa. Tsoka ilo, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri sizinapezekebe.

chipangizo

Tisanamvetsetse momwe ma airbags amagwirira ntchito, tiyeni titenge ulendo waufupi wa zinthu zazikulu za dongosolo la SRS, popeza airbag yokha sizinthu zonse.

Zomwe tili nazo:

• Zomverera zamphamvu. Amayikidwa kutsogolo, kumbali ndi kumbuyo kwa thupi. Ntchito yawo ndikukonza mphindi yakugunda ndikutumiza chidziwitso mwachangu ku ECU;
• Jenereta ya gasi kapena makina osindikizira. Amakhala ndi squibs ziwiri. Yoyamba imapereka 80% ya mpweya wodzaza pilo, ndipo yachiwiri 20%. Yotsirizirayi imangowotcha moto pakuwombana kwakukulu;
• Thumba (pilo). Ichi ndi nsalu yoyera yofanana, kapena m'malo mwake chipolopolo cha nayiloni. Zinthuzo zimalimbana ndi katundu wamkulu kwakanthawi kochepa ndipo ndizopepuka kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimatseguka mwachangu pansi pamavuto agasi.

Dongosololi limaphatikizanso sensa yokhala ndi mipando yonyamula anthu kuti pa nthawi ya kugundana dongosolo lidziwe ngati kuli kofunikira kumasula chikwama cha airbag kapena palibe.

Komanso, nthawi zina accelerometer m'gulu SRS, amene amatsimikizira kulanda galimoto.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito Airbag yamakono

Chifukwa cha makulidwe ake ndi kufewa kwake, molumikizana ndi zingwe, pilo imagwira ntchito zitatu:

• salola munthu kugunda mutu wake pa chiwongolero kapena dashboard;
• kumachepetsa liwiro la inertial la thupi;
• amapulumutsa kuvulala kwamkati chifukwa cha kuchepa kwadzidzidzi.

Chomaliza ndi choyenera kuchiganizira. Pakugundana pa liwiro lalikulu, mphamvu ya inertial ndiyoti ziwalo zamkati zimagunda mafupa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti aziphulika ndi kutuluka magazi. Mwachitsanzo, kugunda kwa chigaza koteroko nthawi zambiri kumapha.

Momwe dongosolo la SRS limagwirira ntchito zitha kuganiziridwa kale kuchokera pachidacho, komabe ndikofunikira kubwereza:

1. Pa ngozi, sensa yamphamvu imazindikira kugunda ndikutumiza ku ECU.
2. ECU imalamula jenereta ya gasi.
3. Pampu ya squib imawuluka ndipo mpweya wopanikizika umalowetsedwa mu fyuluta yachitsulo, momwe umazizira mpaka kutentha komwe ukufunidwa.
4. Kuchokera pa fyuluta, imalowa m'thumba.
5. Mothandizidwa ndi mpweya, thumba limakula kwambiri kukula, limadutsa pakhungu la galimoto ndikuphulika mpaka kukula kwake.

Zonsezi zimachitika mu masekondi 0.3. Nthawi ino ndi yokwanira "kugwira" munthu.

Mwa njira, ndichifukwa chake thupi lagalimoto liyenera kupundutsidwa ndi accordion. Kotero sikuti zimangozimitsa inertia, komanso zimapereka nthawi ya SRS kuti ipulumutse munthu kuvulala koopsa.

Akangoyambika, airbag idzasungunuka kwathunthu mkati mwa mphindi zingapo kuti ilole mwayi wopulumutsa kapena kulola dalaivala kuti asiye galimotoyo payekha.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya airbags

Pambuyo pa 1981, kukula kwa mapilo sikunathe. Tsopano, malingana ndi kalasi ya galimoto, opanga angapereke masanjidwe osiyanasiyana a dongosolo la SRS lomwe limachepetsa kuvulala mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ngozi.

Mabaibulo otsatirawa atha kusiyanitsa:

Patsogolo

Mtundu wofala kwambiri, womwe umapezeka ngakhale m'magalimoto okwera mtengo kwambiri. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, amateteza dalaivala ndi wokwera kutsogolo kukagundana kutsogolo.

Ntchito yayikulu ya mapilowa ndikufewetsa mphamvu kuti apaulendo asagunde pa dashboard ndi chiwongolero. Zitha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtunda pakati pa torpedo ndi mipando yakutsogolo.

Paokha, sangatsegule, ngakhale atagundidwa mwangozi. Koma pali njira zina zodzitetezera. Mwachitsanzo, wokwerayo sayenera kunyamula katundu m'manja mwake, ndipo poika mpando wa mwana, muyenera kutseka chikwama cha airbag ndi batani loperekedwa mwapadera.

Chapakati

Malingaliro awa adawonekera zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndipo ayi, piloyo siili pakatikati, koma pakati pa mipando yakutsogolo. Chifukwa chake, imakhala ngati chotchinga chotchinga pakati pa oyendetsa ndi okwera.

Kutsegula kumachitika pokhapokha, ndipo ntchito yayikulu ya airbag iyi ndikuletsa dalaivala ndi okwera kuti asamenye mitu yawo.

Mwa njira, panthawi ya mayesero, zinapezeka kuti pilo iyi imachepetsanso kuvulala pamene galimoto ikugubuduza padenga. Koma iwo anaika okha umafunika magalimoto.

Mbali

Airbags awa adamulowetsa mu zotsatira mbali ndi kuteteza dalaivala ndi okwera kuvulazidwa mapewa, m'chiuno ndi torso. Sali akulu ngati akutsogolo, koma, potengera zotsatira za mayeso owonongeka, amatha kuyamwa mpaka 70% ya mphamvu zomwe zimakhudzidwa.

Tsoka ilo, mtundu uwu wa pilo supezeka pamagalimoto amtundu wa bajeti, chifukwa ukadaulo umapereka kuyika kovutirapo muzoyikapo kapena mipando.

Makatani (mutu)

Makatani, kapena momwe amatchulidwiranso - mapilo amutu, amapangidwanso kuti ateteze ogwiritsa ntchito pamsewu kuvulala ndi zidutswa zamagalasi panthawi yakukhudzidwa. Iwo anaikidwa pamodzi zenera chimango ndi mizati, potero makamaka kuteteza mutu. Zimapezeka pamagalimoto apamwamba okha.

Knee

Popeza kuti ma airbags akutsogolo amangoteteza mutu ndi thunthu la dalaivala ndi wokwera kutsogolo, kuvulala kwakukulu kunali miyendo. Izi zinali zoona makamaka kwa mawondo. Choncho, opanga apereka pilo wosiyana m'derali. Iwo amagwira ntchito imodzi ndi kutsogolo airbags.

Chinthu chokhacho, pamaso pa mtundu uwu wa airbag, dalaivala ayenera kuyang'anira mtunda pakati pa mawondo ndi torpedo. Ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kuposa masentimita 10. Apo ayi, mphamvu ya chitetezo choterocho idzakhala yochepa.

Malo mgalimoto

Kuti mudziwe komwe ndi mapilo omwe ali m'galimoto, sikoyenera kutsegula zolemba zamakono. Malamulowa amakakamiza opanga kuti alembe malo awo ndi chojambula kapena tag.

Chifukwa chake, mutha kudziwa ngati ma airbags ena ali mgalimoto yanu motere:

• Kutsogolo kumasonyezedwa ndi zolemba pakatikati pa chiwongolero ndi pa chishango pamwamba pa chipinda cha magolovesi;
• Mawondo amalembedwa chimodzimodzi. Chojambulacho chingapezeke pansi pa chiwongolero ndi pansi pa gawo la bokosi la magolovesi;
• Makatani am'mbali ndi makatani amadzipatsa okha chizindikiro. Zowona, muyenera kuyang'ana mosamala, monga opanga amakonda kubisala chifukwa cha aesthetics.

Mwa njira, pogula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito, simuyenera kuyang'ana pa mayina okha. Mitsamiro ndi yotayika, ndipo galimotoyo ikanakhala kale pangozi. Choncho, ndi bwino kuyang'ana chepetsa pafupi ndi zizindikiro za airbag. Ngati pakhungu pali ming'alu, mabowo, kapena ming'alu, ndiye kuti mapilo sakhalaponso.

Kodi chitetezo chimagwira ntchito pazikhalidwe ziti?

Ndikoyeneranso kutchula mfundo yotsatirayi - mapilo sagwira ntchito monga choncho. Choncho, pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto, iwo sadzawulukira pamaso panu popanda chifukwa. Komanso, ngakhale ngozi pa liwiro la 20 Km, sensa si kupereka chizindikiro kumasula airbags, popeza mphamvu inertia akadali ochepa.

Payokha, ndi bwino kuzindikira milandu pamene mwini galimoto akuganiza zokonza upholstery mkati pa malo a pilo. Kuti mupewe kutsegula mwangozi ndi kuvulala kotsatira, muyenera kuchotsa ma terminals ku batire, kenako ndikukonzanso.

Kodi airbag imagwira ntchito bwanji m'galimoto?

malfunctions

Monga machitidwe onse a pa bolodi, mapilo amamangiriridwa ku kompyuta ndipo amapezeka ndi intaneti. Ngati pali vuto, dalaivala adziwa za izo ndi chithunzi chonyezimira pa dashboard.

Zolakwa zingaphatikizepo:

• Kulakwitsa kapena kulephera kwa dongosolo;
• Kulumikizana kolakwika kwa Airbag;
• Makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mawaya kapena kukhudzana (wamba pambuyo kutsuka);
• Kulephera kwa sensor yodabwitsa;
• Palibe chizindikiro chochokera kugawo lowongolera, malamba, mapilo kapena sensa;
• Kulephera kwa fuse (kulumikizana kungakhale kwatha);
• Kuyika molakwika mapilo atsopano kapena chiwongolero.

Ngati pali vuto lililonse, chonde lemberani ntchito. Popeza kudzakhala kotheka kupeza mwawokha luso lenileni la mapilo panthawi ya ngozi, yomwe ili ndi zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni.

Ndikoyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pogula galimoto yakale (kuyambira zaka 15), mapilo ayenera kusinthidwa momveka bwino, popeza mtengo wa cartridge "watopa" kwa zaka zambiri. Masiku ano, kusinthanitsa pilo limodzi kumawononga ma ruble 10. Ngati chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri, zingakhale bwino kuyang'ana galimoto yaying'ono.