Owononga ma helikopita aku Japan

Owononga ma helikopita aku Japan

Zombo zazikulu kwambiri za Japan Naval Self-Defense Force ndi magulu apadera omwe amagawidwa ngati ma helikoputala owononga. Zolemba zandale zokhazokha zinali zoyenera oimira m'badwo woyamba wa zomangamanga izi, zomwe zinali zitachotsedwa kale. Pakalipano, mbadwo watsopano wa kalasi ili ndi mzere wotsatira - zotsatira za zochitika za ku Japan, chitukuko cha luso, mpikisano wa zida zankhondo ndi kusintha kwa geopolitical ku Far East Asia. Nkhaniyi ikupereka magawo asanu ndi atatu onse omwe adapanga ndipo akupangabe maziko a mphamvu zoperekeza pamwamba pa Self-Defense Forces.

Kubadwa kwa lingaliro

Monga momwe nkhondo zapadziko lonse ziŵiri zasonyezera, dziko la pachisumbu lokhala ndi gulu lankhondo lalikulu la pamadzi likhoza kufoka mosavuta ndi ntchito za sitima zapamadzi. Pa Nkhondo Yaikulu, Imperial Germany anayesa kuchita izi, kufunafuna njira yogonjetsera Great Britain - luso la nthawiyo, komanso kupeza London kwa njira zowongolera, kunalepheretsa dongosololi. Mu 1939-1945, Ajeremani anali pafupinso kuti ayambe kugunda mwamphamvu ndi sitima zapamadzi - mwamwayi, izo zinatha mu fiasco. Kumbali ina ya dziko lapansi, Gulu Lankhondo Lapamadzi la ku United States linachitanso zofanana ndi zankhondo zapamadzi za Ufumu wa Japan. Pakati pa 1941 ndi 1945, sitima zapamadzi za ku America zinamira zombo zamalonda za ku Japan zokwana 1113, zomwe zinapangitsa pafupifupi 50% ya kuwonongeka kwawo. Izi zidachepetsa kwambiri zida komanso kulumikizana pakati pa zisumbu za Japan, komanso madera aku Asia kapena Pacific Ocean. Pankhani ya Land of the Rising Sun, ndikofunikanso kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafunikira kuti zithandizire makampani ndi anthu zimatumizidwa ndi nyanja - mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zina mwazofunikira kwambiri. Izi zidakhala kufooka kwakukulu kwa dziko mzaka zoyambirira za zana la XNUMX komanso pakadali pano. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo m'mphepete mwa nyanja chakhala chimodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force kuyambira pachiyambi.

Kale pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi, adawona kuti imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zothanirana ndi sitima zapamadzi, ndipo chifukwa chake chiwopsezo chachikulu pamizere yolumikizirana chinali kulumikizana kwa awiriwa - gulu lapamtunda ndi ndege, zonse zoyambira pansi komanso zankhondo zomwe. anakwera.

Ngakhale kuti zonyamulira zazikulu za zombozi zinali zamtengo wapatali kwambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kuphimba maulendo ndi njira zamalonda, kuyesa kwa Britain pakusintha sitima yapamadzi ya Hanover kukhala gawo la operekeza operekeza kunayamba ntchito yomanga kalasi. Ichi chinali chimodzi mwa zifungulo za kupambana kwa Allies pa nkhondo ya Atlantic, komanso ntchito mu Pacific Ocean - mu zisudzo izi ntchito zombo za kalasi ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito (pamlingo wochepa). ) ndi Japan.

Kutha kwa nkhondo ndi kudzipereka kwa Ufumuwo kunayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo loletsa kuti, mwa zina, liletse ntchito yomanga ndi kuyendetsa ndege. Zoonadi, m'zaka za m'ma 40, palibe aliyense ku Japan amene ankaganiza zomanga zombo zoterezi, makamaka chifukwa cha zachuma, zachuma ndi zamagulu. Chiyambi cha Cold War chinatanthauza kuti Achimereka anayamba kutsimikizira Japanese zambiri za chilengedwe cha apolisi m'deralo ndi asilikali dongosolo, cholinga, makamaka, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha madzi m'dera - analengedwa mu 1952, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri. inasinthidwa kukhala gulu lankhondo lodziteteza (English Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force - JMSDF), monga gawo la Japan Self-Defense Forces. Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni, ntchito zazikulu zoyang’anizana ndi mbali ya m’madzi zinali kutsimikizira chitetezo cha mizere yolumikizirana kuchokera ku migodi ya m’nyanja ndi sitima zapamadzi. Pakatikati pake panali zombo zotsutsana ndi mgodi ndi zoperekeza - owononga ndi frigates. Posachedwapa, makampani opanga zombo zapamadzi adakhala ogulitsa mayunitsi, omwe adagwirizana ndi makampani aku America omwe adapereka, malinga ndi chilolezo cha Dipatimenti ya Boma, zida ndi zida. Izi zidawonjezeredwa pomanga ndege zapamadzi zapamtunda, zomwe zidayenera kukhala ndi magulu ambiri olondera okhala ndi luso lolimbana ndi sitima zapamadzi.

Pazifukwa zodziwikiratu, sikunali kotheka kupanga zonyamulira ndege - kusintha kwaukadaulo kwa nyengo ya Cold War kunathandizira ku Japan. Pofuna kumenyana bwino, choyamba, ndi sitima zapamadzi za Soviet, mayiko a Kumadzulo (makamaka United States) anayamba ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito ndege zamtundu uwu. Ndi kuthekera kwa VTOL, ma rotorcraft safuna mayendedwe othamangira, koma malo ang'onoang'ono pa bolodi ndi hanger - ndipo izi zidawalola kuyika pazombo zankhondo kukula kwa wowononga / frigate.

Mtundu woyamba wa helikopita wotsutsana ndi sitima zapamadzi zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito ndi zombo za ku Japan zinali Sikorsky S-61 Sea King - idamangidwa ndi chilolezo ndi mafakitale a Mitsubishi pansi pa dzina la HSS-2.

Ngwazi za m'nkhaniyi zimapanga mibadwo iwiri, yoyamba (yochotsedwa kale ku ntchito) inaphatikizapo mitundu ya Haruna ndi Shirane, ndi Hyuuga yachiwiri ndi Izumo. Amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi ma helikopita oyendetsa ndege kuti athane ndi zolinga zapansi pamadzi, m'badwo wachiwiri uli ndi luso lapamwamba (zambiri pambuyo pake).