Zambiri za Dsg gearbox
Zamkatimu
Pa magalimoto okhudzidwa ndi Volkswagen, bokosi la DSG la robotic limagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma si eni ake onse omwe amamvetsa chomwe chiri komanso momwe angagwirire msonkhano. Asanagule galimoto, wokonda galimoto ayenera kudziwiratu ndi mapangidwe a preselective transmission, omwe amalowa m'malo mwa mayunitsi apamwamba. Kudalirika kwa "roboti" DSG mwachindunji kumadalira njira zogwirira ntchito.
DSG ndi chiyani
Chidule cha DSG chikuyimira Direkt Schalt Getriebe, kapena Direct Shift Gearbox. Mapangidwe a chipangizocho amagwiritsa ntchito ma shaft 2, omwe amapereka mizere yofanana komanso yothamanga. Pakusintha magiya osalala komanso othamanga, 2 zolumikizira zodziyimira pawokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapangidwewo amathandizira kuthamangitsa kwamphamvu kwa makina ndikuwongolera chitonthozo choyendetsa. Kuwonjezeka kwa masitepe mu gearbox kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu za injini yoyaka mkati ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe
Lingaliro la kupanga ma gearbox omwe ali ndi kusankha koyambirira adawonekera kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo, Adolf Kegress anakhala mlembi wa mapangidwewo. Mu 1940, panali bokosi la 4-liwiro lopangidwa ndi injiniya Rudolf Frank, lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito nsonga iwiri. Mapangidwe a unit adapangitsa kuti azitha kusintha magawo popanda kuswa mphamvu zamagetsi, zomwe zinali zofunika pamsika wa zida zamalonda. Wopangayo adalandira chilolezo chazomwe adapanga, ma prototypes adapangidwa kuti ayesedwe.
Kumapeto kwa 70s. Mapangidwe ofananawo adaperekedwa ndi Porsche, yomwe idapanga projekiti yamagalimoto othamanga a 962C. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, bokosi lomwelo lokhala ndi chingwe chowuma chowuma linagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magalimoto a Audi rally. Koma kuyambika kwina kwa mayunitsi kunalephereka chifukwa cha kusowa kwamagetsi omwe amatha kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a ma clutch ndikusintha zida.
Kubwera kwa owongolera ophatikizika kwapangitsa kuti pakhale makina apawiri a clutch pamakina apakatikati. Baibulo loyamba la tingachipeze powerenga DSG bokosi ndi 2 zokopa anapezerapo mu kupanga misa kumapeto kwa 2002. Borg Warner ndi Temic, amene anapereka zowalamulira, hayidiroliki ndi kulamulira zamagetsi, anatenga mbali pa chilengedwe cha msonkhano. Magawowo adapereka liwiro la 6 lakutsogolo ndipo anali ndi clutch yonyowa. Chogulitsacho chinalandira index ya fakitale DQ250 ndikulola kusamutsidwa kwa torque mpaka 350 N.m.
Kenako, 7-liwiro youma mtundu DQ200 anaonekera kwa injini ndi makokedwe mpaka 250 N.m. Pochepetsa mphamvu ya sump yamafuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma compact drives, kukula ndi kulemera kwake kwapatsirako kwachepetsedwa. Mu 2009, bokosi lonyowa lamtundu wa DQ500 linayambitsidwa, lomwe linasinthidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito pamakina okhala ndi kutsogolo kapena magudumu onse.
Kodi ntchito
Bokosi la DSG lili ndi gawo lamakina ndi gawo lina lamakatanidwe lomwe limapereka kusankha kwa liwiro. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kachilomboka imachokera pakugwiritsa ntchito 2 zokopa, zomwe zimakulolani kuti muzisuntha bwino kapena pansi. Panthawi yosinthira, clutch yoyamba imachotsedwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo gawo lachiwiri la clutch limatsekedwa, lomwe limathetsa kutsitsa kwamphamvu.
Pamapangidwe a module yamakina, pali midadada 2 yomwe imatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa liwiro lofanana komanso losamvetseka. Panthawi yoyambira, bokosilo limaphatikizapo masitepe awiri oyambirira, koma clutch overdrive imatsegulidwa.
Wolamulira wamagetsi amalandira chidziwitso kuchokera ku masensa ozungulira, ndiyeno amasintha liwiro (malinga ndi pulogalamu yoperekedwa). Pachifukwa ichi, zolumikizana zokhazikika ndi ma synchronizer zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mafoloko amayendetsedwa ndi ma silinda a hydraulic omwe ali mu unit mechatronics.
Crankshaft ya injini imalumikizidwa ndi ma flywheel awiri-misa, omwe amatumiza torque kudzera pa spline kulumikizana ndi likulu. Chingwecho chimalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi diski yapawiri clutch drive, yomwe imagawa torque pakati pa zowomba.
Magiya omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti magiya oyamba akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo akugwira ntchito, komanso magiya 4 ndi 6 akutsogolo. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, zinali zotheka kuchepetsa kutalika kwa shafts ndi msonkhano wa msonkhano.
Mitundu ya DSG
VAG imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu yamabokosi pamagalimoto:
- 6-liwiro chonyowa mtundu (mkati code DQ250);
- Mtundu wonyowa wa 7-liwiro (wopanga code DQ500 ndi DL501, wopangidwira kuyika mozungulira komanso motalika, motsatana);
- 7-liwiro youma mtundu (code DQ200).
Chithunzi cha DSG6
Mapangidwe a bokosi la DSG 02E amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zokhala ndi zimbale zogwira ntchito zozungulira posamba mafuta. Madzi amadzimadzi amapereka kuchepa kwa mikangano yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi kuchepa kwa nthawi yomweyo kutentha. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mafuta kumakhudza kwambiri gwero la unit, koma kukhalapo kwa madzi mu crankcase kumachepetsa mphamvu ya kufalitsa ndipo kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta. Malo osungira mafuta ndi pafupifupi malita 7, gawo la pansi la nyumba ya gearbox limagwiritsidwa ntchito posungirako (mapangidwewo ndi ofanana ndi mawotchi).
Zowonjezera zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu bokosi lamtundu wouma:
- masewera mode;
- kusintha kwamanja;
- Hillholder mode, yomwe imakulolani kuti muyimitse galimotoyo poonjezera kuthamanga kwa dera la clutch;
- kuthandizira kuyenda pa liwiro lotsika popanda kulowererapo kwa dalaivala;
- kusunga kuyenda kwagalimoto panthawi yogwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi.
Chithunzi cha DSG7
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa DQ200 ndi matembenuzidwe am'mbuyo a bokosilo kunali kugwiritsa ntchito makina owuma amtundu wowuma ndi makina amafuta a 2 olekanitsidwa opangidwa kuti azipaka gawo lamakina ndikuyendetsa ma hydraulic mechatronic circuits. Madzi amaperekedwa kwa makina opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito pampu yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi, yomwe imapopera mafuta mu thanki yoperekera. Kupatukana kwamafuta ndi makina opangira ma hydraulic kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kusokoneza zotsatira zoyipa za zinthu zovala pa solenoids.
Masensa owongolera amaphatikizidwa muzowongolera zowongolera, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pasakhale kuyika kwa waya wowonjezera. Bokosilo limathandizira mitundu yonse yomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'mayunitsi am'badwo wakale. Ma hydraulics amagawidwa m'magawo a 2 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magiya osamvetseka.
Chigawo cha DQ500 chimasiyana ndi DQ250 pamawonekedwe a zida zowonjezera zakutsogolo. Chipangizo cha bokosi chimagwiritsa ntchito flywheel ya mapangidwe osinthidwa, komanso zokopa zomwe zimapangidwira kuti ziwonjezeke. Kugwiritsa ntchito makina apamwamba kwambiri kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kufulumizitsa njira yosinthira liwiro.
Galimoto zomwe zingapezeke
Kutumiza kwa DSG kumapezeka m'magalimoto a Volkswagen, Skoda, Seat kapena Audi. Bokosi loyambirira la bokosi la DQ250 linagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a Volkswagen opangidwa pambuyo pa 2003. Mtundu wa DQ200 unagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto monga Golf kapena Polo. Mutha kudziwa kupezeka kwa bokosi la DSG ndi chizindikiro chomwe chili pa chogwirizira.
Koma kuyambira 2015, nkhawa ya Volkswagen yasiya zizindikiro zotere pazitsulo, mtundu wa kufalitsa umatsimikiziridwa ndi maonekedwe a bokosi (mbali ya crankcase pali makina a mechatronics okhala ndi chivundikiro chowonekera).
Mavuto amtundu
Chiyanjano chofooka pamapangidwe a mabokosi ndi makina, omwe amasintha kwathunthu. Chigawo cholephera chimabwezeretsedwa m'mashopu apadera kapena mufakitale. M'mitundu yoyambirira ya bokosi la giya yonyowa, valani zinthu zomangira zomangira zimalowa mumadzimadzi.
Zosefera zomwe zaperekedwa pamapangidwe zimakutidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono; pakapita nthawi yayitali, gawolo silipereka kuyeretsa mafuta. Fumbi labwino limakokedwa mu gawo lowongolera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma silinda ndi ma solenoids avale.
Moyo wonyowa wa clutch umakhudzidwa ndi torque ya injini. Moyo wautumiki wa clutch ndi 100 km, koma ngati chipangizo chowongolera injini chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti mtunda usanalowe m'malo umatsika nthawi 2-3. Zowuma zowuma mu DSG7 zimakhala pafupifupi 80-90 Km, koma kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi makokedwe mwa kung'anima wowongolera magalimoto kumachepetsa gwero ndi 50%. Kuvuta kwa kusintha zinthu zomwe zatha ndizofanana, pokonza pamafunika kuchotsa gearbox m'galimoto.
M'mabokosi a DQ500, pali vuto ndi kutulutsa mafuta kudzera pabowo. Kuti athetse vutoli, payipi yowonjezera imayikidwa pa mpweya, womwe umamangiriridwa ku chidebe chaching'ono cha voliyumu (mwachitsanzo, posungira kuchokera ku cylinder ya galimoto ya VAZ). Wopanga samawona cholakwikacho kukhala chofunikira.
Zomwe zimasweka mu bokosi la DSG
Kuwonongeka kofala kwa ma gearbox a DSG:
- Mu mayunitsi a DQ200, gawo lowongolera zamagetsi litha kulephera. Chilemacho chimawonedwa pamabokosi a mndandanda woyambirira chifukwa chosapanga bwino ma board osindikizira omwe njanji zimayambira. Pamitundu ya DQ250, kuwonongeka kwa owongolera kumabweretsa kuyambitsa kwadzidzidzi panthawi yomwe injini imayamba, itatha kuzimitsa ndikuyambiranso, cholakwikacho chimatha.
- Pogwiritsidwa ntchito mu bokosi louma, pampu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito pazidziwitso zochokera kumagetsi othamanga. Ngati kumangika kwatayika, dera siligwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pampu igwire ntchito nthawi zonse. Kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kwa injini kumayambitsa kutenthedwa kwa ma windings kapena kuphulika kwa thanki yosungirako.
- Kusuntha magiya, DQ200 idagwiritsa ntchito mafoloko okhala ndi cholumikizira mpira, chomwe chimagwa pakagwira ntchito. Mu 2013, bokosilo lidasinthidwa, ndikumaliza kupanga mafoloko. Kukulitsa moyo wa mafoloko akale, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe mafuta a gear mu gawo la makina pamtunda uliwonse wa makilomita zikwi 50.
- M'mayunitsi a DQ250, kuvala kwa ma bere mu chipika chamakina ndikotheka. Ngati ziwalozo zawonongeka, phokoso likuwonekera pamene galimoto ikuyenda, yomwe imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi liwiro. Kusiyanitsa kowonongeka kumayamba kupanga phokoso potembenuza galimoto, komanso panthawi yothamanga kapena kuthamanga. Zovala zovala zimalowa muzitsulo za mechatronics ndikuletsa msonkhanowo.
- Maonekedwe a clang pa nthawi yoyambitsa injini kapena panthawi yopanda ntchito akuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka ma flywheel awiri. Msonkhanowu sungathe kukonzedwa ndipo umasinthidwa ndi gawo loyambirira.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=5QruA-7UeXI&feature=emb_logo
Zochita ndi Zochita
Ubwino wa kufala kwa DSG:
- kuwonetsetsa kufulumira kwachangu chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa yosinthira liwiro;
- kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mosasamala kanthu za kuyendetsa galimoto;
- kusuntha kosalala kwa zida;
- kuthekera kwa kuwongolera pamanja;
- kukonza njira zowonjezera zogwirira ntchito.
Kuipa kwa magalimoto okhala ndi DSG kumaphatikizapo kukwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi ma analogue okhala ndi kufala kwamanja. Makina oyika pamabokosi amalephera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha; kuti mubwezeretse magwiridwe antchito a bokosilo, muyenera kukhazikitsa gawo latsopano. Pamayunitsi owuma, ma jerks amadziwika posintha liwiro loyamba la 2, lomwe silingathetsedwe.
Kutumiza kwa DSG sikunapangidwira kuyendetsa mwaukali chifukwa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kumawononga ma gudumu awiri amtundu wapawiri komanso zowombana.
Ndikoyenera kutenga galimoto ndi DSG
Ngati wogula akusowa galimoto popanda kuthamanga, mukhoza kusankha mosamala chitsanzo ndi bokosi la DSG. Mukamagula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito, muyenera kuyang'ana luso la unit. Mbali ya mabokosi a DSG ndi kuthekera kochita zowunikira pakompyuta, zomwe zimatsimikizira momwe node ilili. Chekecho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chomwe chimamangiriridwa ku chipika chowunikira makina. Kuti muwonetse zambiri, pulogalamu ya "VASYA-Diagnost" imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
