Powershift gearbox

M'magalimoto onse amakono opanga, gearbox imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Pali 3 mitundu ikuluikulu ya kufala: kufala Buku (makina), kufala basi (zodziwikiratu) ndi kufala Buku (robotic). Mtundu womaliza ndi bokosi la Powershift.

Powershift.

Powershift ndi chiyani

Powershift ndi bokosi la giya la robotic lomwe lili ndi ma clutch 2, omwe amaperekedwa mosiyanasiyana kumafakitale otsogola padziko lonse lapansi.

Ili ndi mitundu iwiri ya basket clutch:

1. WD (Wet Dual Clutch) - bokosi loyendetsedwa ndi hydraulically, clutch yonyowa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto okhala ndi injini zamphamvu.
2. DD (Dry Dual Clutch) - bokosi lokhala ndi magetsi-hydraulic control, "dry" type clutch. Mabokosiwa amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ochepera 4 kuyerekeza ndi WD. Amayikidwa pamagalimoto okhala ndi injini zazing'ono komanso zapakati.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80. Omanga magalimoto othamanga a Porsche adapatsidwa ntchito yochepetsera nthawi yopumira posintha ma transmissions. Kuchita bwino kwa ma transmissions a nthawi imeneyo pa mpikisano kunali kochepa, kotero kampaniyo inayamba kupanga yankho lake.

Porsche galimoto.

Mu 1982, pa mpikisano wa Le Mans, malo atatu oyambirira adatengedwa ndi magalimoto a Porsche 3.

Mu 1983 chitsanzo ichi, choyamba mu dziko, okonzeka ndi kufala Buku ndi 2 zokopa. Ogwira ntchito adatenga malo 8 oyamba pa mpikisano wa Le Mans.

Ngakhale kusintha kwa lingaliroli, kukula kwa zamagetsi kwa zaka zimenezo sikunalole kuti kufala kumeneku kulowe mumsika wa magalimoto opangira.

Nkhani yogwiritsa ntchito lingaliroli idabweranso mu 2000s. 3 makampani nthawi imodzi. Porsche idatulutsa chitukuko cha PDK (Porsche Doppelkupplung) kupita ku ZF. Gulu la Volkswagen linatembenukira kwa wopanga waku America BorgWarner ndi DSG (Direkt Schalt Getriebe).

Ford ndi ma automakers ena adayika ndalama pakupanga ma transmissions amanja a Getrag. Chotsatiracho chinaperekedwa mu 2008 chosankha "chonyowa" - 6-speed Powershift 6DCT450.

Ford

Mu 2010, wogwira nawo ntchito, kampani ya LuK, adayambitsa mtundu wocheperako - bokosi "louma" 6DCT250.

Magalimoto omwe amapezekapo

Powershift version index imayimira:

• 6 - 6-liwiro (chiwerengero chonse cha magiya);
• D - awiri (awiri);
• C - clutch (cholumikizira);
• T - kufalitsa (gearbox), L - dongosolo longitudinal;
• 250 - torque yayikulu, Nm.

Zitsanzo Zazikulu:

• DD 6DCT250 (PS250) - kwa Renault (Megane, Kangoo, Laguna) ndi Ford ndi mphamvu ya injini mpaka malita 2,0 (Focus 3, C-Max, Fusion, Transit Connect);
• WD 6DCT450 (DPS6/MPS6) - ndi Chrysler, Volvo, Ford, Renault ndi Land Rover;
• WD 6DCT470 - kwa Mitsubishi Lancer, Galant, Outlander, etc.;
• DD C635DDCT - ya subcompact Dodge, Alfa Romeo ndi Fiat zitsanzo;
• WD 7DCL600 - kwa BMW zitsanzo ndi kotalika Ice (BMW 3 Series L6 3.0L, V8 4.0L, BMW 5 Series V8 4.4L, BMW Z4 Roadster L6 3.0L);
• WD 7DCL750 - kwa Ford GT, Ferrari 458/488, California ndi F12, Mercedes-Benz SLS ndi Mercedes-AMG GT.

Chipangizo champhamvu

Ndi mfundo ya ntchito yake, bokosi la Powershift ndilofanana kwambiri ndi kufalitsa kwamanja, ngakhale kuti limatanthawuza kufalitsa kokha.

Kutumiza pamanja.

Momwe ikugwirira ntchito

Magiya a magiya apano ndi otsatila amapangidwa nthawi imodzi. Mukasintha, cholumikizira cha zida zamakono chimatsegulidwa pomwe chotsatira chikulumikizidwa.

Njirayi siimveka ndi dalaivala. Kuthamanga kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku gearbox kupita ku magudumu oyendetsa galimoto kumakhala kosasokonezeka. Palibe chopondapo zowalamulira, ulamuliro ikuchitika ndi ECU ndi gulu la njira ndi masensa. Kugwirizana pakati pa chosankha mu kanyumba ndi gearbox palokha ikuchitika ndi chingwe chapadera.

Wapawiri zowalamulira

Mwaukadaulo, awa ndi ma 2 otumiza pamanja ophatikizidwa kukhala thupi limodzi, loyendetsedwa ndi ECU. Mapangidwewo akuphatikiza magiya a 2 oyendetsa, iliyonse imazungulira ndi clutch yake, yomwe imayang'anira magiya ngakhale osamvetseka. Pakatikati mwa kamangidwe kameneka ndi gawo loyamba la magawo awiri. Ngakhale magiya ndi zida zam'mbuyo zimayatsidwa kuchokera kugawo lakunja la shaft, zosamvetseka - kuchokera pakatikati pake.

Getrag akuti makina apawiri-clutch transmission ndi tsogolo. Mu 2020, kampaniyo ikukonzekera kupanga osachepera 59% ya ma gearbox ake onse.

Clutch.

Mavuto Opatsirana Wamba

Kuti musabweretse kufala kwa Powershift pamavuto akulu ndipo, motero, kukonzanso kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito, kuyenera kuperekedwa kuzizindikiro zotsatirazi:

1. Poyambira pamalo, galimoto imagwedezeka, ikasuntha magiya, kugwedezeka kumamveka, komanso pamene mukuyendetsa magalimoto. Chifukwa cha vuto ndi kulephera kwa clutch control actuator.
2. Kusintha kwa kufalitsa kotsatira kumachitika ndikuchedwa.
3. Palibe kuthekera kosinthira ma transmissions aliwonse, pali phokoso lakunja.
4. Kufala ntchito limodzi ndi kuchuluka kugwedera. Izi zikuwonetsa kuvala pamagiya a shafts ndi ma synchronizers a bokosi.
5. Bokosi la gear limangosinthira ku N mode, chizindikiro chosagwira ntchito chimayatsa pagawo la zida, galimotoyo imakana kuyendetsa popanda kuyambitsanso injini. Choyambitsa chadzidzidzi, makamaka, ndi kulephera kwa kutulutsa kumasulidwa.
6. Pali kutayikira kwa mafuta mu gearbox. Uwu ndi umboni wa kuvala kapena kusasinthika kwa zisindikizo zamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mafuta.
7. Chizindikiro cholakwika chimayatsa pagulu la zida.
8. Clutch ikutsetsereka. Pamene liwiro la injini likuwonjezeka, liwiro la galimoto silikuwonjezeka bwino. Izi zimachitika pamene ma clutch discs alephera kapena mafuta afika pa disc mu DD clutches.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zomwe zatchulidwazi zingakhalenso kuwonongeka kwa magiya, mafoloko, zolakwika mu ECU, ndi zina zotero. Vuto lililonse liyenera kuzindikiridwa ndi kukonzedwa mwaukadaulo.

Kukonza Powershift

The Powershift gearbox, yomangidwa pa mfundo ya kufala pamanja, akhoza kukonzedwa pafupifupi ntchito iliyonse galimoto. Dongosololi lili ndi makina owunikira okha.

Vuto lofala kwambiri ndi chisindikizo chotayira.

Powershift.

Pakachitika kupanikizana kwa mafoloko osinthira, ndikofunikira kusintha msonkhano wa msonkhano, komanso limodzi ndi zisindikizo.

Ngakhale zida zamagetsi, monga matabwa ozungulira ndi ma mota owongolera, zimatha kukonzedwa, wopanga amalimbikitsa kuti azisintha ndipo, m'magalimoto otsimikizira, amapereka m'malo mwathunthu.

Pambuyo kukonza, kufala kwa Buku kuyenera kusinthidwa. Pali zina zapadera pagalimoto yatsopano ndi galimoto yokhala ndi mtunda. Mu zitsanzo zambiri, ichi ndi calibration:

• gear selector udindo sensa;
• makina osinthira;
• machitidwe a clutch.

Kuwerengera kokha kwa sensor yosankha zida zomwe zitha kutchedwa classical. 2 njira zina zimaphatikizapo kuphunzira ECU popanda kuwomba kwa mapulogalamu, panthawi yoyendetsa mwapadera.

Zochita ndi Zochita

Kusintha kwa magiya kumachitika nthawi yomweyo. Kuthamanga kwamphamvu chifukwa chakuyenda kwa Powershift kosalekeza kumaposa magwiridwe antchito a ma gearbox ena. Kusowa kwa kulephera kwa mphamvu kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuyendetsa galimoto, kumapulumutsa mafuta (ngakhale poyerekeza ndi kufalitsa kwamanja).

Dongosolo palokha ndi losavuta komanso lotsika mtengo kupanga kuposa ma transmissions odziwikiratu, popeza palibe zida zamapulaneti, chosinthira makokedwe, zowongola zokangana. Kukonza makina a mabokosi awa ndikosavuta kuposa kukonza makina apamwamba. Ndi ntchito yoyenera, clutch imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa kufalitsa pamanja, chifukwa njira zake zimayendetsedwa ndi zamagetsi zenizeni, osati ndi chowongolera.

Koma zamagetsi zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha kuipa kwa Powershift. Imakhudzidwa ndi zolephera komanso zikoka zakunja kuposa zimango. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mafuta poto chitetezo akusowa kapena kuonongeka, dothi ndi chinyezi, ngati afika mkati unit, zidzachititsa kulephera kwa madera ECU.

Ngakhale firmware yovomerezeka imatha kubweretsa zovuta.

Kutumiza kwa Powershift kumakupatsani mwayi woti musinthe kuchokera ku zodziwikiratu kupita pamanja (Sankhani Shift) ndi mosemphanitsa. Dalaivala akhoza kukweza ndi kutsika pansi paulendo. Koma kukhala ndi ulamuliro wonse pa cheke sikuthandiza. Pamene liwiro ndi injini liwiro ndi mkulu, ndipo mukufuna downshift, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera 5 mpaka 3 yomweyo, ECU sadzalola kusintha kuti zichitike ndi kusintha kwa zida abwino kwambiri.

Izi zimayambitsidwa kuti ziteteze kufala, chifukwa kutsika kwa masitepe awiri kungayambitse kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa rpm musanadutse. Mphindi ya kusintha kwa liwiro idzatsagana ndi nkhonya, katundu wochuluka. Kuphatikizika kwa giya inayake kudzachitika kokha ngati kusintha kovomerezeka komanso kuthamanga kwagalimoto komwe kumaperekedwa ku ECU kulola izi.

Momwe mungakulitsire moyo wautumiki

Kutalikitsa moyo wa Powershift, malamulo otsatirawa ayenera kutsatiridwa:

1. Mafuta omwe ali m'bokosi amayenera kusinthidwa kukhala omwe adanenedwa ndi wopanga, chifukwa zopatuka zilizonse zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika pakugwiritsa ntchito makinawo.
2. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma transmission pamanja, sikovomerezeka kuyendetsa galimoto, kuyendetsa gasi, kukoka chilichonse pa ngolo, kutsetsereka, kapena kuyendetsa mothina.
3. Pamalo oimikapo magalimoto, choyamba muyenera kusintha chosankha kuti mukhale N, tulutsani chowotcha chamanja mutagwira chopondapo, ndiyeno sinthani ku P mode.
4. Pamaso pa ulendo m'pofunika kutentha galimoto, chifukwa gearbox kutenthetsa pamodzi ndi injini. Ndikwabwino kuyendetsa mtunda woyambira 10 km mofewa.
5. Ndizotheka kukoka galimoto yolakwika pokhapokha ngati wosankhayo ali pamalo a N. Ndikoyenera kusunga malire othamanga osapitirira 20 km / h kwa mtunda wa makilomita 20.

Ndi kusamalira mosamala, gwero ntchito kufika 400000 Km kwa moyo wonse utumiki wa gearbox.