VAZ

Zamkatimu FounderEmblemMbiri ya mtundu wamagalimoto mumitundu Mbiri ya mtundu wamagalimoto a Lada idayamba ndi nyumba yayikulu yopanga magalimoto ya Avtovaz OJSC. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zazikulu kwambiri zopangira magalimoto ku Russia ndi ku Europe. Masiku ano, kampaniyo imayendetsedwa ndi Renault-Nissan ndi Rostec. Pakukhalapo kwa bizinesiyo, magalimoto okwana 30 miliyoni adasonkhana, ndipo chiwerengero cha zitsanzo ndi pafupifupi 50. Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kutulutsidwa kwa magalimoto atsopano kwakhala chochitika chachikulu m'mbiri ya kupanga magalimoto. Woyambitsa M'nthawi za Soviet, kunalibe magalimoto ambiri m'misewu. Ena mwa iwo anali Pobeda ndi Moskvich, amene si banja lililonse angakwanitse. Inde, kupanga koteroko kunali kofunikira kuti kungapereke kuchuluka kofunikira kwa mayendedwe. Izi zidapangitsa atsogoleri a chipani cha Soviet kuganiza zopanga chimphona chatsopano chamakampani opanga magalimoto. 20 July 1966 Utsogoleri wa USSR unaganiza kuti kunali koyenera kumanga galimoto ku Tolyatti. Tsikuli linakhala tsiku la maziko a mmodzi wa atsogoleri a makampani Russian magalimoto. Kuti chomera chagalimoto chiwonekere mwachangu ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito bwino, utsogoleri wadzikolo udaganiza kuti ndikofunikira kukopa akatswiri akunja. Mtundu wagalimoto waku Italy FIAT, womwe ndi wotchuka ku Europe, adasankhidwa kukhala mlangizi. Choncho, mu 1966 nkhawa imeneyi anamasulidwa FIAT 124, amene analandira mutu wa "Galimoto ya Chaka". Mtundu wa galimotoyo unakhala maziko, omwe adapanga magalimoto oyambirira apakhomo. Kukula kwa zomangamanga za Komsomol kunali kwakukulu. Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi inayamba mu 1967. Zida za chimphona chatsopano cha mafakitale zidapangidwa ndi antchito a mabizinesi 844 a USSR ndi 900 akunja. Ntchito yomanga galimotoyo inamalizidwa mu nthawi yolembera - zaka 3,5 m'malo mwa zaka 6. Mu 1970 galimoto galimoto anatulutsa magalimoto 6 - VAZ 2101 Zhiguli. Chizindikiro Chizindikiro cha Lada chasintha pakapita nthawi. Mtundu woyamba wodziwika unawonekera mu 1970. Chizindikirocho chinali rook, chomwe chinalembedwa ngati chilembo "B", chomwe chimatanthauza "VAZ". Kalatayo inali mu pentagon yofiira. Mlembi wa chizindikiro ichi anali Alexander Dekalenkov, amene ankagwira ntchito monga bodybuilder. Kenako. mu 1974, pentagon idakhala quadrilateral, ndipo maziko ake ofiira adasowa., adasinthidwa ndi wakuda. Masiku ano, chizindikirocho chikuwoneka chonchi: mu oval pamtundu wa buluu (buluu) pali bwato lasiliva lachilembo chachikhalidwe "B", chopangidwa ndi chimango cha siliva. Chizindikiro ichi chakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 2002. Mbiri ya mtundu wa magalimoto mu zitsanzo Kotero, galimoto yoyamba m'mbiri ya mtsogoleri wa Soviet plant inali galimoto ya Zhiguli VAZ-2101, yomwe inatchedwanso "Kopeyka" pakati pa anthu. Mapangidwe a galimoto anali ofanana ndi FIAT-124. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha galimotoyo chinali tsatanetsatane wa kupanga zoweta. Malinga ndi akatswiri, anali pafupifupi 800 kusiyana chitsanzo yachilendo. Anali ndi ng'oma, chilolezo chapansi chinawonjezeka, ziwalo monga thupi ndi kuyimitsidwa zinalimbikitsidwa. Izi zinapangitsa kuti galimotoyo igwirizane ndi momwe msewu ulili komanso kusintha kwa kutentha. Galimotoyo inali ndi injini ya carburetor, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu ziwiri: 64 ndi 69 ndiyamphamvu. Liwiro chitsanzo ichi akhoza kukhala mpaka 142 ndi 148 Km / h, imathandizira makilomita zana pasanathe masekondi 20. N’zoona kuti galimotoyo inkafunika kukonzedwanso. Galimoto iyi inali chiyambi cha mndandanda wa Classic. Kutulutsidwa kwake kunapitilira mpaka 1988. Ponseponse, mu mbiri ya kutulutsidwa kwa galimoto iyi, pafupifupi 5 miliyoni sedan mu zosintha zonse zidagubuduza kuchokera pamzere wa msonkhano. Galimoto yachiwiri - Vaz-2101 - anaonekera mu 1972. Anali buku lamakono la Vaz-2101, koma kumbuyo-gudumu pagalimoto. Komanso, thunthu la galimoto wakhala lalikulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa msika chitsanzo champhamvu kwambiri Vaz-2103, amene anali kunja ndipo amatchedwa Lada 1500. Galimoto iyi inali ndi injini ya 1,5-lita, mphamvu yake inali 77 ndiyamphamvu. Galimoto anatha imathandizira 152 Km / h, ndipo anafika 100 Km / h mkati masekondi 16. Izi zidapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yopikisana pamsika wakunja. Thunthu la galimotoyo linakonzedwa ndi pulasitiki, komanso kutsekereza phokoso kunayambikanso. Pazaka 12 za kupanga VAZ-2103, wopanga watulutsa magalimoto oposa 1,3 miliyoni. Kuchokera ku 1976 Togliatti Automobile Plant watulutsa chitsanzo chatsopano - VAZ-2106. amatchedwa "chisanu ndi chimodzi". Galimoto iyi idakhala yotchuka kwambiri munthawi yake. Injini ya galimotoyo inali 1,6-lita, mphamvu inali 75 ndiyamphamvu. galimoto anayamba liwiro la 152 Km / h. "Zisanu ndi chimodzi" adalandira zatsopano zakunja, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zotembenukira, komanso grill yopuma mpweya. Chinthu cha chitsanzo ichi chinali kukhalapo kwa chowotcha chowotcha chowongoleredwa ndi mawilo, komanso alamu. Panalinso chizindikiro chotsika cha brake fluid, komanso rheostat yowunikira pa dashboard. Muzosintha zotsatirazi za "zisanu ndi chimodzi", panali kale wailesi, nyali zachifunga, ndi chowotcha kumbuyo kwazenera. Chotsatira chodziwika bwino chagalimoto chopangidwa ndi chomera cha Togliatti chinali VAZ-2121 kapena Niva SUV. Chitsanzo chinali choyendetsa magudumu onse, chinali ndi injini ya 1,6-lita, komanso chassis chimango. The gearbox galimoto wakhala anayi-liwiro. Galimotoyo idakhala yotumiza kunja. 50 peresenti ya mayunitsi opangidwa amagulitsidwa pamsika wakunja. Mu 1978 ku Brno pachiwonetsero chapadziko lonse lapansi, mtunduwu udadziwika kuti ndiwopambana kwambiri. Komanso, Vaz-2121 anamasulidwa mu Baibulo wapadera ndi injini 1,3-lita, ndi kumanja pagalimoto kunja Baibulo anaonekera. 1979 mpaka 2010 "AvtoVAZ" anatulutsa Vaz-2105. Galimoto anakhala wolowa m'malo Vaz-2101. Malingana ndi chitsanzo chatsopano, VAZ-2107 ndi VAZ-2104 idzatulutsidwa. Galimoto yomaliza ya banja la Classic inatulutsidwa mu 1984. Iwo anakhala Vaz-2107. Kusiyana kwa VAZ-2105 kunali nyali zakutsogolo, mabampa amtundu watsopano, grill yolowera mpweya ndi hood. Kuphatikiza apo, mipando yamagalimoto yakhala yabwinoko. Galimotoyo inali ndi dashboard yosinthidwa, komanso chotchingira mpweya wozizira. Kuchokera ku 1984 anayamba VAZ-210 "Samara", yomwe inali hatchback ya zitseko zitatu. chitsanzo anali okonzeka ndi injini zinayi yamphamvu mu njira zitatu voliyumu - 1,1. .3 ndi 1,5, zomwe zingakhale jekeseni kapena carburetor. galimotoyo inali kutsogolo kwa gudumu. Restyling chitsanzo yapita anali Vaz-2109 Sputnik, amene analandira 5 zitseko. Ilinso ndi gudumu lakutsogolo galimoto. Zitsanzo ziwiri zomaliza zidakumana ndi zovuta pamsewu. Chitsanzo chomaliza cha nthawi ya Soviet chinali VAZ-21099, yomwe inali sedan ya makomo anayi. Mu 1995 "AvtoVAZ" inatulutsa chitsanzo chaposachedwa cha Soviet - VAZ-2110, kapena "khumi". Galimotoyo inali mu mapulani kuyambira 1989, koma panthawi zovuta zamavuto, sikunali kotheka kumasula. Galimoto okonzeka ndi injini mu mitundu iwiri: 8 vavu 1,5-lita ndi 79 ndiyamphamvu kapena 16 vavu 1,6-lita ndi 92 ndiyamphamvu. Galimotoyi inali ya banja la Samara. Mpaka kutulutsidwa kwa LADA Priora, ma restyling ambiri "angapo" okhala ndi matupi osiyanasiyana adapangidwa: hatchback, coupe ndi station wagon. Mu 2007, galimoto galimoto anatulutsa Vaz-2115, amene anali sedan anayi khomo. Izi ndi VAZ-21099 wolandila, koma okonzeka ndi spoiler, kuwala zinanyema. Kuonjezera apo, ma bumpers anali ojambulidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mtundu wa galimotoyo, panali zitseko zowongoka, zowunikira zatsopano. Poyamba, galimotoyo inali ndi injini ya carburetor ya malita 1,5 ndi 1,6. Mu 2000 galimotoyo inakonzedwanso ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yokhala ndi jekeseni wogawidwa wamafuta. Mu 1998 anayamba kupanga minivans zoweta - Vaz-2120. Mtunduwu unali ndi nsanja yayitali ndipo inali yoyendetsa mawilo onse. Komabe, makina oterowo sanali ofunikira ndipo kupanga kwake kunatha. Mu 1999 anaonekera chitsanzo lotsatira - "Lada-Kalina", amene anayamba kuyambira 1993. Poyamba, kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kunachitika ndi thupi hatchback, ndiye sedan ndi siteshoni ngolo. M'badwo wotsatira wa magalimoto "Lada Kalina" amapangidwa kuyambira July 2007. Tsopano Kalina anali okonzeka ndi 1,4-lita injini ndi mavavu 16. Mu September, galimoto analandira ASB dongosolo. Galimotoyo idasinthidwa nthawi zonse. Kuchokera ku 2008 75 peresenti ya magawo a AvtoVAZ adakhala a Renault-Nissan corporation. Chaka chotsatira, fakitale yamagalimoto idakumana ndi mavuto azachuma, kupanga kunachepetsedwa ndi 2 nthawi. Ma ruble 25 biliyoni adaperekedwa ngati thandizo la boma, ndipo mtundu wamakampani a Togliatti unaphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu ya boma yopereka ndalama zobwereketsa magalimoto. Renault panthawiyo anapereka kutulutsa magalimoto "Lada, Renault" ndi "Nissan" pamaziko a bizinesi. Kale mu December 2012, mgwirizano wapakati pa Renault ndi boma la Rostec unakhazikitsidwa, womwe unayamba kukhala ndi magawo oposa 76 peresenti ya "AvtoVAZ". Meyi 2011 adadziwika ndi kutulutsidwa kwa bajeti ya galimoto LADA Granta, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pagalimoto ya Kalina. Kuchokera ku 2013 anayamba kukonzedwanso ndi thupi la liftback. Galimotoyo inali ndi injini ya petulo yokhala ndi jekeseni wogawa mafuta, voliyumu yomwe ili ndi malita 1,6. Chitsanzo amaperekedwa mu mitundu itatu ya mphamvu: 87, 98, 106 ndiyamphamvu. Galimotoyo inalandira gearbox ya automatic. Chitsanzo chotsatira ndi Lada Largus. Galimoto imapangidwa m'mitundu itatu: van yonyamula katundu, ngolo yamagalimoto ndi ngolo yowonjezereka. Zosankha ziwiri zomaliza zitha kukhala zokhala 5 kapena 7. Masiku ano, mndandanda wa "Lada" uli ndi mabanja asanu: "Largus wagon", "Kalina liftback" ndi "sedan", ndi "4x4" ya zitseko zitatu kapena zisanu. Makina onse amatsatira miyezo ya chilengedwe yaku Europe.