Rolls Royce

Zamkatimu FounderEmblemHistory of automobiles With Rolls Royce nthawi yomweyo timazindikira molumikizana malingaliro a chinthu chapamwamba komanso chopambana. Magalimoto aku Britain okhala ndi zodzipatula siziwoneka kawirikawiri m'misewu. Rolls Royce Motor Cars ndi kampani yamagalimoto apamwamba yaku Britain yomwe ili ku Goodwood. Mbiri ya kutuluka kwa magalimoto apamwamba akunja inayamba mu 1904, pamene mabwenzi awiri a ku Britain amalingaliro omwewo adagwirizana pa lingaliro la kupanga galimoto yodalirika yodalirika, anali Frederick-Henry Royce ndi Charles Rolls. Chiyambi cha mgwirizano ndi kusakhutira kwa galimoto yogulidwa ndi Royce, yemwe anali ndi khalidwe labwino komanso labwino la galimotoyo. Posakhalitsa adapeza lingaliro lopanga projekiti yakeyake, ndipo atapanga galimoto yake yoyamba, adayigulitsa kwa injiniya Stripe, yemwe adayang'anitsitsa ntchito yake. Chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi Reuss mu 1904 chinakhala galimoto yoyamba ya kampaniyo. Ndipo kotero adayamba mgwirizano kuti apange kampani yodziwika bwino. Chinthu chosiyana ndi kampaniyi ndi chakuti mpaka lero magalimoto onse amasonkhanitsidwa ndi manja. Njira yokhayo yopangira makina imapezeka pojambula galimotoyo ndi zigawo 12 za utoto. Pakangotha ​​​​kanthawi kochepa bizinesiyo, muzaka zingapo mu 1906, magalimoto angapo anali atapangidwa kale ndi mayunitsi amagetsi a 2, 4, 6 ndi ma silinda 8 (koma makamaka ndi injini yamasilinda awiri. Izi ndi zitsanzo za 12/15/20/30 PS). Zitsanzo nthawi yomweyo zinagonjetsa msika ndipo zinali zofunikira, popeza kampaniyo inkatsogoleredwa ndi mfundo zingapo zofunika popanga, monga kudalirika, khalidwe, ndi njira yolimbikitsira ntchito. Izi ndi zomwe Royce adayesera kuziyika m'mutu wa wogwira ntchito aliyense, chifukwa popanda izi sipadzakhala zotsatira zapamwamba. Pankhondo, kampaniyo idatulutsanso magalimoto ankhondo. Rolls Royce analinso wotchuka pa mpikisano, kupambana mphoto. Utsogoleri woyamba umachokera ku galimoto yamasewera ya 1996 yomwe ikuchita nawo mpikisano wa Tourist Trophy. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndi njira yopambana mphoto chifukwa cha magalimoto opangidwa pamaziko a Royce Prototype. Kuchuluka kwapamwamba kwapatsidwa mtundu wa Panthom, womwe wasinthidwa kangapo. Zinali zofunidwa kwambiri ndipo kwakanthawi kochepa mitundu yopitilira 2000 idapangidwa. Mu 1931, kampaniyo inatenga Bentley, yomwe ili pafupi ndi bankirapuse. Pa nthawi imeneyo anali mmodzi mwa mpikisano wofunika kwambiri wa Rolls Royce, popeza Bentley ankapanga magalimoto amtundu womwewo ndipo anali ndi mbiri yabwino pamsika. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, kampaniyo imakulitsa tsatanetsatane wake pakupanga mainjini a ndege zankhondo ndikupanga kupambana ndikupanga RR Merlin ndi mphamvu yamphezi. Mphamvu imeneyi inkagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pafupifupi ndege zonse zankhondo. Magalimoto a Rolls Royce akufunika kwambiri pakati pa olemekezeka komanso olemera. Kwa pafupifupi theka la zaka, kampaniyo idakula mwachangu osasiya kudabwa ndi zinthu zapamwamba zomwe zidapangidwa, koma pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60 zinthu sizinasinthe. Vuto linanso ndi kusintha kwa njira zachuma, ntchito zingapo zodula kwambiri, kukulitsa mphamvu ya jet ndi ngongole - zonse zidakhudza kwambiri chuma cha kampaniyo, mpaka kubanki. Kutsekedwa sikukanaloledwa ndipo kampaniyo idapulumutsidwa ndi boma, lomwe linalipira ngongole zambiri. Izi zimangotsimikizira kuti Rolls Royce wapambana cholowa komanso mbiri yapamwamba osati m'misika yokha, komanso mdziko muno. Kenako mu 1997 mtunduwo unagulidwa ndi BMW, yomwe inali imodzi mwazinthu zambiri zogula Rolls Royce. Bentley adatenga Volkswagen. Mwini watsopano wa chizindikirocho adakhazikitsa mwachangu popanda kukhudza matekinoloje onse ndi njira za Rolls Royce. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino chimaonedwa kuti sichinapambane mpaka lero. Ulemerero ndi kukongola kwa magalimoto opangidwa ndizofunika kwambiri kwa omwe adayambitsa. Kampaniyo ili ndi zogulitsa zopitilira zana padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kutchuka kwake komanso kukopa kwake kumapangitsa kuti aliyense azilakalaka kukhala mwini wagalimoto ya Rolls Royce. Woyambitsa Oyambitsa ndi mainjiniya awiri aluso aku Britain, Frederick Henry Royce ndi Charles Rolls. Frederick Henry Royce anabadwa m'chaka cha 1963 m'banja lalikulu miller mu UK. Henry anapita kusukulu ku London, koma anakhala kumeneko chaka chimodzi. Banjali linali losauka, mavuto azachuma ndipo imfa ya abambo ake inachititsa Henry kusiya sukulu ndikugwira ntchito ngati pepala. Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi achibale, Henry anapeza ntchito yophunzira m’mashopu. Kenako anagwira ntchito pakampani ina yamagetsi ku London, ndipo kenako anakhala katswiri wa zamagetsi ku Liverpool. Kuyambira 1894, pamodzi ndi bwenzi lake, iye anakonza kagulu kakang'ono kupanga zipangizo zamagetsi. Kukwera masitepe ang'onoang'ono a ntchito yake - Royce amakonza kampani yopanga ma cranes. 1901 - kusintha komwe kunakhudza moyo wake wonse, Henry adagula makina opangidwa ku France. Koma posakhalitsa anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi galimoto yonse ndipo adaganiza zopanga yake. Mu 1904 adapanga Rolls Royce woyamba ndikugulitsa kwa mnzake wamtsogolo, Rolls. M'chaka chomwecho, kampani yodziwika bwino ya Rolls Royce idakhazikitsidwa. Pambuyo pamavuto azaumoyo komanso ntchito yomwe adasamutsira, sakanatha kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga (kusonkhana) kwamagalimoto, koma adalamulira kwathunthu kwa omwe adapanga zojambulazo ndipo anali kupanga. Frederick Henry Royce adamwalira mchaka cha 1933 ku West Witterting ku Great Britain. Woyambitsa wachiwiri, Charles Stewart Rolls, anabadwa m'chilimwe cha 1877 m'banja lalikulu la baron olemera ku London. Atamaliza sukulu, adaphunzira ku Cambridge yotchuka ndi digiri yaukadaulo. Kuyambira ali mwana, wakhala akuchita chidwi ndi magalimoto. Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa galimoto ku Wales. Mu 1896 adagula galimoto yakeyake. Mu 1903, mbiri yothamanga ya 93 mph inakhazikitsidwa. Anapanganso bizinesi yogulitsa magalimoto amtundu waku France. Rolls Royce idakhazikitsidwa mu 1904. Kuwonjezera pa motorsport ndi makampani magalimoto, iye ankakondanso mabuloni ndi ndege, amene anakhala chizolowezi chake chachiwiri ndipo anabweretsa kutchuka (mwatsoka, osati mwa njira yabwino). M'chilimwe cha 1910, ndege ya Rolls inasweka mumlengalenga pamtunda wa mamita 6 ndipo Charles anamwalira. Chizindikiro "Spirit of Ecstasy" (kapena Mzimu wa Extasy) - fano lomwe limaphatikizapo lingaliro ili pa nyumba ya galimoto.  Mwiniwake woyamba wa galimoto yokhala ndi chifaniziro ichi anali wolemera Ambuye Scott Montagu, yemwe adalamula mnzake wosemasema kuti apange chifaniziro cha mkazi yemwe akuthawa. Chitsanzo cha chiwerengerochi chinali mbuye wa Montagu Eleanor. Izi zidadabwitsa omwe adayambitsa kampaniyo ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzochi ngati chizindikiro chagalimoto. Mwa kuyitanitsa ndi wosema yemweyo, iwo anali ndi lingaliro lofanana ndi chitsanzo chomwecho kupanga Mzimu wotchuka wa Extasy - "Flying Lady". M'mbiri yonse, alloy yokha yomwe fanolo inapangidwira yasintha, panthawiyi imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ndipo chizindikiritso cha kampaniyo, popeza sizovuta kuyerekezera, imalemba kalata yoyeserera ya Chingerezi R, yomwe imadziwika ndi dzina loyambirira la mayina a omwe amapanga Rolls Royce. Mbiri ya magalimoto Monga tanena kale, Rolls Royce woyamba analengedwa mu 1904. Kuyambira chaka chomwechi mpaka 1906, kampaniyo imapanga zitsanzo za 12/15/20/30 PS zokhala ndi mayunitsi osiyanasiyana amagetsi a silinda kuyambira 2 mpaka 8 masilindala. Mtundu wa 20 PS wokhala ndi injini ya 20 hp yokhala ndi ma silinda anayi umayenera kusankhidwa mwapadera. ndikutenga malo owonera pamisonkhano ya Tourist Trophy. Mu 1907 Silver Ghost idasankhidwa kukhala galimoto yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe idapangidwa chaka chatha ngati 40/50 HP chassis yoyamba. Mu 1925, Phantom I inayamba ndi injini ya 7,6 lita. Mtundu wamakono, wotchulidwanso wa Phantom II udatulutsidwa patatha zaka zinayi ndipo adapatsidwa ulemu wapadera. Pambuyo pake, mibadwo inayi ya chitsanzo ichi inatulutsidwa. Kutsatira kupeza kwa Bentley, MK VI idayamba ndi thupi lolimba lachitsulo. Mu 1935, m'badwo watsopano Panthom III adawona dziko lapansi lili ndi injini yamphamvu yamphamvu yamphamvu 12-silinda. M'nthawi ya nkhondo itatha, m'badwo wa Silver umayamba. Koma Silver Wraith / Cloud - mitundu iwiriyi sinapambane ulemu woyenera komanso kufunikira kwapadera pamsika, zomwe zidalola kampaniyo kupanga projekiti yofunitsitsa kutengera mitundu iyi ndikupanga kuwonekera ndi Silver Shadow yotulutsidwa ndiukadaulo wabwino kwambiri. ntchito ndi maonekedwe, makamaka thupi lonyamula katundu . Kutengera ndi Shadow, kusintha kwa Corniche kudapangidwa mu 1971, komwe kunali woyamba kubadwa wa kampaniyo. Ndipo galimoto yoyamba yopangidwa ndi mainjiniya akunja inali 1975 Camague. Limousine yazitseko zinayi yokhala ndi 8-silinda powertrain idayamba mu 1977 ndipo idakhala chiwonetsero ku Geneva Exhibition. Mitundu yatsopano ya Silver Spur/Spirit idayambitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi mu 1982 ndipo idatchuka kwambiri, makamaka Spur, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndiyo galimoto yabwino kwambiri m'maiko. Ndipo mu 1996, Baibulo lokonzedwa bwino lotchedwa Flying Spur linatulutsidwa.