Mbiri ya mtundu wa Rolls Royce
Ndi Rolls Royce, nthawi yomweyo timazindikira lingaliro lazinthu zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba. Magalimoto aku Britain omwe ali ndi ena okha samawoneka pamisewu.
Rolls Royce Motor Cars ndi kampani yamagalimoto apamwamba yaku Britain yomwe ili ku Goodwood.
Mbiri yakuyambira kwa magalimoto akunja akunja idabwerera ku 1904, pomwe abwenzi awiri aku Britain omwe amaganiza chimodzimodzi adagwirizana pamalingaliro opanga galimoto yodalirika, anali Frederick-Henry Royce ndi Charles Rolls. Choyambirira cha mgwirizano chimakhala posakhutira ndi galimoto yomwe idagulidwa ndi Royce, yemwe anali ndi chidwi ndi kapangidwe kabwino ka galimotoyo. Posakhalitsa adaganiza zopanga projekiti yake, ndipo atapanga galimoto yake yoyamba, adagulitsa kwa mainjiniya Polos, yemwe adayang'anitsitsa ntchito yake. Mtunduwo udapangidwa ndi Royce mu 1904 ndikukhala galimoto yoyamba yamakampani. Umu ndi momwe mgwirizano udayambira kupanga kampani yodziwika bwino.
Mbali yapadera ya kampani ndikuti mpaka lero magalimoto onse asonkhana pamanja. Njira zokhazokha zomwe zimachitika pojambula galimoto ndi magawo 12 a utoto.
Pakangopita nthawi yayitali kukhazikitsidwa kwa bizinesiyo, mzaka zingapo pofika 1906, magalimoto angapo anali atapangidwa kale ndi zida zamagetsi zama 2, 4, 6 komanso 8 zonenepa (koma makamaka ndi injini yamphamvu ziwiri. Izi ndi mitundu ya 12/15/20/30 PS). Mitunduyo idagonjetsa msikawu ndi liwiro la mphezi ndipo imafunikira, popeza kampaniyo idatsogozedwa ndi mfundo zingapo zofunika, monga kudalirika, mtundu, komanso kulimbikira kugwira ntchito. Izi ndi zomwe Royce adayesa kuyika pamutu pa wogwira ntchito aliyense, chifukwa popanda izi sipangakhale zotsatira zabwino.
Pankhondo, kampaniyo idatulutsanso magalimoto ankhondo.
Rolls Royce analinso wotchuka pamipikisano, kulandira mphotho. Kutsogolera koyamba kumatchedwa galimoto yamagalimoto ya 1996 pamsonkhano wa Tourist Trophy. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndikuchitika kwakanthawi kopambana mphotho chifukwa cha magalimoto omwe amapangidwa motengera Royce-Prototype.
Zinthu zamtengo wapatali zidapatsidwa Panthom, yomwe idakonzedwa kangapo. Anali wofunikira kwambiri ndipo kwa kanthawi kochepa zitsanzo zoposa 2000 zidatulutsidwa.
Mu 1931, kampaniyo idatenga Bentley yotamandika, yomwe ili pafupi kutayika. Nthawi imeneyo anali m'modzi mwaopikisana kwambiri ndi Rolls Royce, popeza Bentley sanatulutse magalimoto abwino ndipo anali ndi mbiri yabwino pamsika.
Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, kampaniyo idakulitsa chidwi chake pakupanga injini zankhondo zankhondo ndikuchita bwino ndi RR Merlin ndimphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi ndege zonse zankhondo.
Magalimoto a Rolls Royce akufunika kwambiri pakati pa olemekezeka komanso olemera.
Kwa pafupifupi theka la zaka, kampaniyo idakula mofulumira osasiya kudabwa ndi zapamwamba zomwe zinapanga, koma pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60 zinthu sizinasinthe. Vuto lina ndi kusintha kwa njira zachuma, mapulojekiti angapo okwera mtengo kwambiri, chitukuko cha mphamvu ya jet ndi ngongole - zonsezi zinakhudza kwambiri chuma cha kampaniyo, mpaka ku bankirapuse. Kutsekedwa sikukanaloledwa ndipo kampaniyo idapulumutsidwa ndi boma, lomwe linalipira ngongole zambiri. Izi zimangotsimikizira kuti Rolls Royce wapambana cholowa komanso mbiri yapamwamba osati m'misika yokha, komanso mdziko muno.
Pambuyo pake mu 1997, chizindikirocho chidapezeka ndi BMW, yemwe anali m'modzi mwa ambiri omwe adayimirira kuti atenge Rolls Royce. Bentley adapita ku Volkswagen.
Mwini watsopano wa chizindikirocho adakhazikitsa mwachangu popanda kukhudza matekinoloje onse ndi njira za Rolls Royce.
Mtundu wotchuka umaonedwa ngati wosayerekezeka mpaka pano. Kukongola ndi kukongola kwa magalimoto opangidwa ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa omwe adayambitsa. Kampaniyo ili ndi malonda opitilira zana padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kutchuka kwake komanso poyambira kwake kumabweretsa chikhumbo cha aliyense kuti akhale ndi galimoto ya Rolls Royce.
Woyambitsa
Omwe adayambitsa ndi akatswiri awiri aku Britain a Frederick Henry Royce ndi Charles Rolls.
Frederick Henry Royce adabadwa mchaka cha 1963 m'banja lalikulu lazogulitsa ku Great Britain. Henry adapita kusukulu ku London, koma adaphunzira kumeneko kwa chaka chimodzi. Banja linali losauka, mavuto azachuma komanso kumwalira kwa abambo ake zidapangitsa kuti Henry asiye sukulu ndikupeza ntchito ngati mwana wamanyuzipepala.
Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi abale, Henry adapeza ntchito yophunzitsira pamsonkhanowu. Kenako adagwira ntchito pakampani yamagetsi ku London, ndipo pambuyo pake monga zamagetsi ku Liverpool.
Kuyambira 1894, pamodzi ndi bwenzi lake, iye anakonza kagulu kakang'ono kupanga zipangizo zamagetsi. Kukwera masitepe ang'onoang'ono a ntchito yake - Royce amakonza kampani yopanga ma cranes.
1901 - kusintha komwe kunakhudza moyo wake wonse, Henry adagula makina opangidwa ku France. Koma posakhalitsa anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi galimoto yonse ndipo adaganiza zopanga yake.
Mu 1904 adapanga Rolls Royce yoyamba ndikugulitsa kwa Rolls mnzake wamtsogolo. Chaka chomwecho, kampani yodziwika bwino ya Rolls Royce idapangidwa.
Pambuyo pamavuto azaumoyo komanso ntchito yomwe adasamutsira, sakanatha kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga (kusonkhana) kwamagalimoto, koma adalamulira kwathunthu kwa omwe adapanga zojambulazo ndipo anali kupanga.
Frederick Henry Royce adamwalira mchaka cha 1933 ku West Witterting ku Great Britain.
Woyambitsa wachiwiri, Charles Stewart Rolls, anabadwa m'chilimwe cha 1877 m'banja lalikulu la baron olemera ku London.
Atamaliza sukulu, adaphunzira ku Cambridge yotchuka ndi digiri yaukadaulo.
Kuyambira ndili mwana, iye anatengeka ndi magalimoto. Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa galimoto ku Wales.
Mu 1896 adagula galimoto yakeyake.
Mu 1903, liwiro ladziko lonse lidakhazikitsidwa pa 93 mph. Adapanganso bizinesi yogulitsa magalimoto amtundu waku France.
Rolls Royce idakhazikitsidwa mu 1904.
Kuphatikiza pa motorsport komanso makampani opanga magalimoto, ankakondanso ma balloon ndi ndege, zomwe zidakhala zosangalatsa zake zachiwiri ndikumubweretsera kutchuka (mwatsoka, osati m'njira yabwino yokha). M'chilimwe cha 1910, ndege ya Rolls idagwa mlengalenga kutalika kwa mita 6 ndipo Charles adamwalira.
Chizindikiro
"Spirit of Ecstasy" (kapena Spirit of Extasy) ndi chifaniziro chomwe chimaphatikizapo lingaliro ili pa hood ya galimoto.
Mwiniwake woyamba wa galimoto yokhala ndi chifaniziro ichi anali wolemera Ambuye Scott Montagu, yemwe adalamula mnzake wosemasema kuti apange chifaniziro cha mkazi yemwe akuthawa. Chitsanzo cha chiwerengerochi chinali mbuye wa Montagu Eleanor. Izi zidadabwitsa omwe adayambitsa kampaniyo ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzochi ngati chizindikiro chagalimoto. Mwa kuyitanitsa ndi wosema yemweyo, iwo anali ndi lingaliro lofanana ndi chitsanzo chomwecho kupanga Mzimu wotchuka wa Extasy - "Flying Lady". M'mbiri yonse, alloy yokha yomwe fanolo linapangidwira lasintha, panthawiyi limapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Ndipo chizindikiritso cha kampaniyo, popeza sizovuta kuyerekezera, imalemba kalata yoyeserera ya Chingerezi R, yomwe imadziwika ndi dzina loyambirira la mayina a omwe amapanga Rolls Royce.
Mbiri yamagalimoto
Monga tanenera, Rolls Royce yoyamba idapangidwa mu 1904.
Kuyambira chaka chomwecho mpaka 1906, kampaniyo imapanga mitundu ya 12/15/20/30 ya PS yokhala ndi mayunitsi amagetsi osiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 8 yamphamvu. Mtundu wa 20 PS wokhala ndi injini yamphamvu inayi ya 20 hp uyenera kusiyanitsidwa mwapadera. ndikutenga mphotho pamsonkhano wa Tourist Trophy.
Mu 1907 Silver Ghost idasankhidwa kukhala galimoto yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe idapangidwa chaka chatha ngati 40/50 HP chassis yoyamba.
Mu 1925 Phantom ndidayamba ndi injini ya 7,6 lita. Phantom II yotulutsidwa motsogola kwambiri idatulutsidwa patatha zaka zinayi ndipo idapatsidwa ukulu wapadera. Pambuyo pake, mibadwo ina inayi ya mtunduwu idatulutsidwa.
Kutsatira kupeza kwa Bentley, MK VI idayamba ndi thupi lolimba lachitsulo.
Mu 1935, m'badwo watsopano Panthom III adawona dziko lapansi lili ndi injini yamphamvu yamphamvu yamphamvu 12-silinda.
M'nthawi ya nkhondo itatha, m'badwo wa Siliva umayamba. Koma Silver Wraith / Cloud - mitundu iwiriyi sinapambane ulemu woyenera komanso kufunikira kwapadera pamsika, zomwe zidalola kampaniyo kupanga projekiti yofunitsitsa kutengera mitundu iyi ndikupanga kuwonekera ndi Silver Shadow yotulutsidwa ndiukadaulo wabwino kwambiri. ntchito ndi maonekedwe, makamaka thupi lonyamula katundu .
Kutengera ndi Shadow, kusintha kwa Corniche kudapangidwa mu 1971, komwe kunali woyamba kubadwa wa kampaniyo.
Ndipo galimoto yoyamba yopangidwa ndi mainjiniya akunja inali 1975 Camague.
Limousine yazitseko zinayi yokhala ndi 8-silinda powertrain idayamba mu 1977 ndipo idakhala chiwonetsero ku Geneva Exhibition.
Mndandanda watsopano wa Silver Spur / Spirit udayambitsidwa padziko lapansi mu 1982 ndipo watchuka kwambiri, makamaka Spur, yodziwika ngati galimoto yabwino kwambiri mmaikowa. Ndipo mu 1996 buku labwino linatulutsidwa lotchedwa Flying Spur.
Mtundu wopangidwa mwatsopano anali Silver Seraph, wopangidwa mu 1998 ndipo adawonetsedwa pagalimoto, pamaziko omwe mitundu iwiri idatulutsidwa mchaka cha 2000: Corniche yotembenuka ndi Park Ward.
