Lamborghini

Zamkatimu FounderEmblemMbiri ya mtundu wamagalimoto mumitundu Mafunso ndi mayankho: Pa nthawi yonse yakukhalapo kwake, zomwe zakhala zaka pafupifupi 57, kampani yaku Italy ya Lamborghini, yomwe idakhala gawo lazovuta zazikulu, idadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe umayambitsa kulemekeza omwe akupikisana nawo komanso kusangalatsa kwa mafani amitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuyambira ma roadsters kupita ku ma SUV. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti kupanga kunayamba pafupifupi kuyambira pachiyambi ndipo kunali pafupi kuyima kangapo. Tikukupatsani kuti mutsatire mbiri ya chitukuko cha mtundu wopambana womwe umagwirizanitsa mayina a zitsanzo zamagulu ake ndi mayina a ng'ombe zodziwika bwino zomwe zikuchita nawo ng'ombe. Mlengi wa magalimoto odabwitsa masewera ndi maganizo ake poyamba ankaona ngati wamisala, koma Ferruccio Lamborghini anali pang'ono chidwi ndi maganizo a ena. Anatsatira mouma khosi maloto ake ndipo potsirizira pake anapereka dziko lapansi ndi chitsanzo chapadera ndi chokongola, chomwe pambuyo pake chinasinthidwa, chinasinthidwa, koma nthawi yomweyo anakhalabe ndi mapangidwe apadera. Lingaliro lanzeru lotsegulira mozungulira zitseko zamiyeso, lomwe tsopano likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga magalimoto ambiri amasewera, amatchedwa "zitseko za lambo" ndipo lakhala chizindikiro cha mtundu wopambana waku Italiya. Masiku ano, Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A mothandizidwa ndi Audi AG, ndi gawo la vuto lalikulu la Volkswagen AG, koma likulu lake lili m'tauni yaing'ono ya Sant'Agata Bolognese, yomwe ili gawo la dera la Emilia-Romagna. Ndipo apa ndi mtunda wa makilomita 15 kuchokera mumzinda wa Maranello, komwe kuli fakitale yotchuka yamagalimoto othamanga, Ferrari. Poyamba, kupanga magalimoto okwera sikunaphatikizidwe mu mapulani a Lamborghini. Kampaniyo idachita nawo ntchito yopanga makina aulimi, ndipo patapita nthawi, zida zamafiriji zamafakitale. Koma kuyambira zaka za m'ma 60 za m'ma XNUMX, mayendedwe a fakitale asintha kwambiri, chomwe chinali chiyambi cha kutulutsidwa kwa ma supercars othamanga kwambiri. Ubwino woyambitsa kampaniyo ndi wa Ferruccio Lamborghini, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi wabizinesi wopambana. Malingaliro a kampani Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A May 1963 amaganiziridwa. Kupambana kunabwera atangotulutsa kopi yoyamba, yomwe idachita nawo chiwonetsero cha Turin mu Okutobala chaka chomwecho. Inali mtundu wa Lamborghini 350 GT womwe udayamba kupanga pasanathe chaka chimodzi. Prototype Lamborghini 350 GT Posachedwapa, mtundu wocheperako wa Lamborghini 400 GT udatulutsidwa, kugulitsa kwakukulu komwe kunapangitsa kuti pakhale Lamborghini Miura, yomwe idakhala ngati "khadi loyimbira" la mtunduwo. Lamborghini anakumana ndi zovuta zake zoyamba m'zaka za m'ma 70, pamene woyambitsa Lamborghini anayenera kugulitsa gawo lake la woyambitsa (kupanga thalakitala) kwa opikisana nawo - Fiat. Mchitidwewu unagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulephera kwa mgwirizano, malinga ndi zomwe South America inavomereza kuvomereza gulu lalikulu la magalimoto. Mathirakitala omwe ali pansi pa mtundu wa Lamborghini tsopano amapangidwa ndi Same Deutz-Fahr Group SpA Zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zazaka zapitazi zinabweretsa kupambana kwakukulu ndi phindu ku fakitale ya Ferruccio. Komabe, adaganiza zogulitsa maufulu ake omwe adayambitsa, choyamba (51%) kwa Investor waku Swiss Georges-Henri Rosetti, ndi ena onse kwa mnzake René Leimer. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha ichi chinali maganizo mphwayi wolowa - Tonino Lamborghini - kupanga magalimoto. Pakadali pano, zovuta zamafuta padziko lonse lapansi komanso zachuma zidakakamiza kusintha kwa eni kampani ya Lamborghini. Makasitomala anali ocheperako chifukwa chakuchedwa kubweretsa katundu, zomwe zimatengera zida zosiyanitsira zomwe zidabwera kuchokera kunja, zomwe zidaphonyanso masiku omaliza. Pofuna kukonza zachuma, mgwirizano unamalizidwa ndi BMW, malinga ndi zomwe Lamborghini adachita kukonza bwino galimoto yawo yamasewera ndikuchita nawo kupanga. Koma kampaniyo inali yochepa kwambiri kwa nthawi yoti "alere", popeza chidwi chochulukirapo ndi ndalama zidaperekedwa ku mtundu wake watsopano wa Cheetah (Cheetah). Koma mgwirizanowo unali wosweka, ngakhale kuti mapangidwe ndi kukonzanso kwa BMW kunatha. Olowa m'malo a Lamborghini adayenera kubweza ngongole mu 1978. Malinga ndi chigamulo cha khoti la ku England, bizinesiyo idagulitsidwa ndikugulidwa ndi a Swiss - abale a Mimram, eni ake a Gulu la Mimran. Ndipo kale mu 1987 Lamborghini adatengedwa ndi Chrysler (Chrysler). Zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo pake, ngakhale Investor uyu sakanatha kupirira katundu wa ndalama, ndipo atasintha mwiniwake wina, wopanga Chitaliyana potsiriza anavomerezedwa kudera lalikulu la Volkswagen AG monga gawo la Audi yokhazikika. Chifukwa cha Ferruccio Lamborghini, dziko lapansi lidawona ma supercars apadera amapangidwe apadera omwe amasilirabe. Amakhulupirira kuti osankhidwa ochepa okha, opambana komanso odzidalira okha, angakhale eni ake a galimoto. M'chaka cha 12 cha Zakachikwi zatsopano, mgwirizano udasainidwa pakati pa Gulu la Burevestnik ndi Russian Lamborghini Russia pakuzindikira kugulitsa kwawoko. Tsopano malo ogwirira ntchito atsegulidwa ku Russian Federation m'malo mwa mtundu wotchuka wokhala ndi mwayi osati kungodziwa zosonkhanitsira zonse za Lamborghini ndikugula / kuyitanitsa mtundu wosankhidwa, komanso kugula maovololo apadera, zida zosiyanasiyana ndi zida zosinthira. Woyambitsa Kufotokozera kwakung'ono: m'Chirasha, kampaniyo nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa phokoso la "Lamborghini", mwinamwake chifukwa chakuti chidwi chimachokera ku chilembo "g" (ji), koma katchulidwe kameneka ndi kolakwika. Chilankhulo cha Chitaliyana, komabe, monga nthawi zina Chingerezi, chimapereka katchulidwe ka kuphatikiza kwa zilembo "gh" monga "g". Chifukwa chake, katchulidwe ka Lamborghini ndiye njira yokhayo yolondola. Ferruccio Lamborghini (April 28.04.1916, XNUMX - 20.02.1993/XNUMX/XNUMX) Zimadziwika kuti mlengi wa mitundu yapadera yamagalimoto amasewera kuyambira ali mwana adachita chidwi ndi zinsinsi za machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Osakhala katswiri wa zamaganizo, bambo ake Antonio adawonetsa nzeru za makolo ndipo adakonza msonkhano wawung'ono kwa achinyamata m'famu yake. Apa, woyambitsa tsogolo la kampani yotchuka ya Lamborghini adadziwa zofunikira zopangira komanso adakwanitsa kupanga njira zopambana. Ferruccio pang'onopang'ono adakulitsa luso lake ku ukatswiri ku Bologna School of Engineering, ndipo kenako adakhala ngati makanika ali m'gulu lankhondo. Ndipo kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, Ferruccio anabwerera kwawo m'chigawo cha Renazzo, kumene anayamba kumanganso magalimoto ankhondo kukhala zida zaulimi. Kupambana kopambana kunali chiyambi cha kutsegulidwa kwa bizinesi yake, kotero kampani yoyamba ya Ferruccio Lamborghini idawonekera - Lamborghini Trattori SpA, yomwe inatulutsa thirakitala yopangidwa ndi munthu wamalonda wachinyamata. Chizindikiro chodziwika - ng'ombe yomenyana ndi chishango - inawonekera nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale pa mathirakitala oyambirira a mapangidwe ake. Trakitala yopangidwa ndi Ferruccio Lamborghini Kutha kwa zaka za m'ma 40 kudakhala kofunikira kwa woyambitsa bizinesi. Kuyamba bwino kunali chifukwa choganizira za maziko a bizinesi yachiwiri. Ndipo mu 1960, kupanga zida zotenthetsera ndi zida zoziziritsa zamakampani zidawonekera - kampani ya Lamborghini Bruciatori. Kupambana kodabwitsa kunabweretsa kutukuka kosayembekezereka, komwe kunapangitsa kuti m'modzi mwa ochita bwino kwambiri ku Italy akhazikitse garaja yake yokhala ndi magalimoto okwera mtengo kwambiri: Jaguar E-mtundu, Maserati 3500GT, Mercedes-Benz 300SL. Koma ankakonda zosonkhanitsira anakhalabe Ferrari 250 GT, amene munali makope angapo m'galimoto. Ndi chikondi chake chonse pa magalimoto okwera mtengo, Ferruccio ankawona mpangidwe uliwonse kupanda ungwiro komwe ankafuna kukonza. Chifukwa chake, lingaliro lidawuka kuti tipange galimoto yabwino komanso yapadera yopanga tokha. Mboni zambiri zimanena kuti mkangano ndi wopanga magalimoto othamanga, Enzo Ferrari, adayambitsa chisankho chachikulu cha mbuyeyo zaka zimenezo. Ngakhale kuti adadzipereka ku galimoto yomwe ankakonda kwambiri, Ferruccio adayenera kukonzanso mobwerezabwereza, ndipo adauza opanga magalimoto zamasewera za izi. Pokhala munthu wopsya mtima, Enzo adayankha mwamphamvu, mu mzimu wa "samalirani mathirakitala anu ngati simukumvetsetsa chilichonse chokhudza magalimoto othamanga." Tsoka ilo (kwa Ferrari), Lamborghini nayenso anali Chiitaliya, ndipo mawu oterowo adakokera Super-Ego yake, chifukwa adadziwanso zambiri za magalimoto. Mokwiya kwambiri, mbuyeyo, atabwerera ku garaja, adaganiza zodziyesa yekha chomwe chimayambitsa kusagwira bwino kwa clutch. Atatha kusokoneza makinawo, Ferruccio adapeza kufanana kwakukulu pakati pa kufalitsa ndi makina a mathirakitala ake, kotero kuti sizinali zovuta kuti akonze vutoli. Kenaka, chisankho chinapangidwa kuti akwaniritse maloto ake akale - kupanga galimoto yake yothamanga kwambiri ngakhale Enzo Ferrari. Komabe, adalonjeza kuti magalimoto ake, mosiyana ndi Ferraris, sadzachita nawo mpikisano wothamanga. Lingaliro lake linkawoneka ngati lopenga, poganiza kuti woyambitsa tsogolo la Automobili Lamborghini SpA Ndinangoganiza zongosweka. Monga momwe mbiri yasonyezera, kudabwa ndi chisangalalo cha owonera chitukuko cha kampaniyo, Lamborghini adawonetsera dziko lapansi luso lodabwitsa la talente yake. Pazonse, woyambitsa wa Emblem Italy wopanga safuna kutulutsa magalimoto okwera mtengo kwambiri, Lamborghini yaing'ono yodziwika bwino idatsogolera bizinesiyo kwa zaka pafupifupi 10, koma adapitilizabe kutsatira zochitika zazikulu mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake (1993) . Chitsanzo chomaliza chomwe adachiwona chinali Lamborghini Diablo ya 1990, yomwe idapangidwira ogula okonda komanso olemera. Lingaliro ili, mwinamwake, likuphatikizidwa mu chizindikiro cha kampani, chomwe chikuyimira mphamvu zodabwitsa, mphamvu ndi kudzidalira. Chizindikirocho chinasintha mtundu pang'ono mpaka chinalandira mtundu womaliza - ng'ombe yamphongo yomenyedwa yagolide pachikuto chakuda. Amakhulupirira kuti Ferruccio Lamborghini mwiniwake ndiye adayambitsa lingalirolo. Mwina mbali ina idaseweredwa ndi chizindikiro cha zodiac pansi pomwe mbuye anabadwa (28.04.1916/XNUMX/XNUMX). - chizindikiro cha Taurus). Kuphatikiza apo, anali wokonda kwambiri kumenyana ndi ng'ombe. Maonekedwe a ng'ombe amagwidwa mwaluso pankhondo ndi matador. Ndipo mayina a zitsanzo amaperekedwa polemekeza toros otchuka, omwe adadzipatula okha pankhondo. Palibenso chophiphiritsa ndikulumikizana kwa nyama yolimba yolimba ndi mphamvu ya makina omwe adapangidwa ndi Lamborghini - thalakitala. Ng'ombe yamphongo imayikidwa pa chishango chakuda. Pali mtundu womwe Ferruccio "adabwereka" kwa Enzo Ferrari kuti amukhumudwitse mwanjira ina. Mitundu ya ma logo a Ferrari ndi Lamborghini imatsutsana kwambiri, kavalo wakuda wakulera wakuda kuchokera ku chizindikiro cha magalimoto a Enzo ali pakati pa chishango chachikasu. Koma zomwe Lamborghini adatsogozedwa nazo popanga chizindikiro chake chosiyana - tsopano palibe amene anganene motsimikiza, zikhalabe chinsinsi chake. Mbiri ya mtundu wamagalimoto mumitundu Chitsanzo choyamba, choyimira cha Lamborghini 350 GTV, chidawonetsedwa pachiwonetsero cha Turin chapakati pa autumn 1963. Galimotoyo inatenga mathamangitsidwe 280 Km / h, anali ndi mphamvu 347 ndiyamphamvu, injini V12 ndi coupe awiri okhala. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake, mtundu wa serial wayamba kale ku Geneva. Lamborghini 350 GTV (1964) Lamborghini 400 GT yotsatira, yomwe idapambana bwino, idawonetsedwa mu 1966. Thupi lake linapangidwa ndi aluminium, thupi lasintha, mphamvu ya injini (350 ndiyamphamvu) ndi voliyumu (malita 3,9) yawonjezeka. Model Lamborghini 400 GT (1966) Galimotoyo idagulitsidwa bwino, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ayambe kupanga chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha Lamborghini Miura, chomwe chidaperekedwa ku "bwalo la owonera" mu Marichi momwemo 1966 pachiwonetsero cha Geneva, chomwe chidakhala mtundu wa chizindikiro cha mtundu. Chitsanzocho chinasonyezedwa ndi Lamborghini mwiniwake ndipo munali wa 65 pa Turin Auto Show. Galimotoyo inali yosiyana ndi matembenuzidwe am'mbuyomu pomwe panali nyali zakutsogolo zosuntha. Chizindikiro ichi chinabweretsa kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Lamborghini Miura (1966-1969) Ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri (mu 1968) chitsanzocho chinasinthidwa kukhala Lamborghini Miura P400S, yomwe inali ndi injini yamphamvu kwambiri. Anakonzanso dashboard, anawonjezera chrome plating mu magalasi, ndi mawindo amphamvu ndi galimoto yamagetsi. Kusintha kwa Lamborghini Miura - P400S (1968) M'chaka chomwecho cha 1968, Lamborghini Islero 400 GT inatulutsidwa. Dzina la chizindikirocho limagwirizanitsidwa ndi ng'ombe yomwe inagonjetsa matador wotchuka Manuel Rodriguez mu 1947. Lamborghini Islero 400 GT (1968) Chaka chomwecho chinadziwika ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Lamborghini Espada, yomwe imatanthawuza "tsamba la matador", inali chitsanzo choyamba chokhala ndi mipando inayi yopangidwira banja. Lamborghini Espada (1968) Mphamvu zamagalimoto zikupitilira kukula, ndipo m'chaka cha 70, pamalingaliro a wopanga Marcello Gandini, galimoto yaying'ono ya Urraco P250 (malita 2,5) imawonekera, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Lamborghini Jarama 400 GT yokhala ndi 12- V4 lita imodzi. Lamborghini Urraco P250 (1970) Kukula kwenikweni kunachitika mu 1971, pomwe Lamborghini Countach yosinthika idapangidwa, yomwe pambuyo pake idakhala "chip" chamtunduwu, chomwe mapangidwe ake a chitseko adabwerekedwa ndi opanga ma supercar ambiri. Zinali ndi injini yamphamvu kwambiri V12 Bizzarrini panthawiyo ndi 365 ndiyamphamvu, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ipite patsogolo mpaka 300 km / h. Galimotoyo inayambika mndandanda wazaka zitatu pambuyo pake, atalandira kukonzanso kwa mpweya wabwino malinga ndi zofunikira za aerodynamics, ndipo mu mawonekedwe abwino adapikisana kwambiri ndi Ferrari. Dzina la mtunduwo limalumikizidwa ndi kudabwa (uku ndi kufuula m'modzi mwa zilankhulo zaku Italy pakuwona chinthu chokongola). Malinga ndi kumasulira kwina, "Countach" amatanthauza mawu osilira "ng'ombe yopatulika!" Prototype Lamborghini Countach Kusaina pangano ndi aku America kudapangitsa kuti zitheke komanso kupezeka mu 1977 pa Geneva Motor Show lingaliro latsopano - gulu lankhondo la SUV Lamborghini Cheetah ("cheetah") yokhala ndi injini yochokera ku Chrysler. Chitsanzocho chinadabwitsa ngakhale anthu okayikira kwambiri omwe sayembekezera china chatsopano kuchokera ku kampaniyo. Lamborghini Cheetah (1977) Kusintha kwa umwini mu 1980 kupita ku Gulu la Mimran pansi pa Purezidenti Patrick Mimran kunabweretsa zitsanzo zina ziwiri: wolowa m'malo wa Cheetah wotchedwa LM001 ndi Jalpa roadster. Pankhani ya mphamvu LM001 kuposa kuloŵedwa m'malo: 455 ndiyamphamvu ndi 12 lita V5,2 injini. Lamborghini Jalpa wokhala ndi thupi la targa (koyambirira kwa 80s) Lamborghini LM001 SUV Mu 1987, kampaniyo idatengedwa ndi Chrysler ("Chrysler"). Ndipo posakhalitsa, kumayambiriro kwa dzinja la 1990, chizindikiro pa chionetserocho ku Monte Carlo amasonyeza wolowa m'malo Countach - Diablo ndi injini yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa LM001 - 492 ndiyamphamvu ndi buku la malita 5,7. Kwa masekondi 4, galimotoyo idakwera liwiro kuchokera pakuyima pafupifupi 100 km / h ndipo idakwera mpaka 325 km / h. Otsatira Countach - Lamborghini Diablo (1990) Ndipo pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake (December 1995) pa Bologna Auto Show amatulutsa mtundu wosangalatsa wa Diablo wokhala ndi pamwamba pake. Detachable Lamborghini Diablo (1995) Mwiniwake womaliza wa mtunduwu kuyambira 1998 anali Audi, yomwe idalanda Lamborghini kuchokera kwa Investor waku Indonesia. Ndipo kale mu 2001, pambuyo pa Diablo, mawonekedwe osinthika kwambiri adawonekera - Murcielago supercar. Anali kupanga kwakukulu kwambiri kwa galimoto yokhala ndi injini ya 12-cylinder. Lamborghini Murcielago (2001) Komanso, mu 2003, mndandanda wa Gallardo udatsatiridwa, wosiyanitsidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwake. Kufunika kwakukulu kwa mtunduwu kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga makope osakwana 11 mkati mwa zaka 3000.