Mitundu yama brake system: mfundo yoyendetsera ng'oma ndi ma disc mabuleki

Ma brake system amapangidwa kuti aziwongolera liwiro lagalimoto, kuyimitsa, ndikuigwira kwa nthawi yayitali pogwiritsa ntchito braking force pakati pa gudumu ndi msewu. Mphamvu yamabuleki imatha kupangidwa ndi ma wheel brake, injini yagalimoto (yotchedwa injini braking), chotsitsa cha hydraulic kapena chamagetsi pakupatsira.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito izi, mitundu iyi ya ma brake imayikidwa pagalimoto:

• Ntchito mabuleki dongosolo. Amapereka kutsika kolamulidwa komanso kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto.
• Spare brake system. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulephera komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito kwadongosolo. Imagwira ntchito zofananira ndi dongosolo logwirira ntchito. Makina opumira atha kukhazikitsidwa ngati njira yapadera yodziyimira payokha kapena ngati gawo la ma brake system (imodzi mwa mabwalo a brake drive).
• Kuyimitsa mabuleki. Amapangidwa kuti azigwira galimotoyo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Dongosolo la braking ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yowonetsetsa chitetezo chogwira chagalimoto. Pamagalimoto ndi magalimoto angapo, zida ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa luso la ma braking system komanso kukhazikika kwa braking.

Momwe mabuleki amagwirira ntchito

Mukakanikiza chopondapo, katunduyo amasamutsidwa ku amplifier, zomwe zimapanga mphamvu yowonjezera pa silinda yaikulu ya brake. Brake master cylinder piston imapopera madzimadzi kudzera pa mapaipi kupita kumasilinda amagudumu. Izi zimawonjezera kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi mu cholumikizira mabuleki. Ma pistoni a ma silinda amagudumu amasuntha ma brake pads kupita ku ma disc (ng'oma).

Kuthamanga kwinanso pa pedal kumawonjezera kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi ndipo mabuleki amatsegulidwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa mawilo ndi maonekedwe a mphamvu zowonongeka pamalo okhudzana ndi matayala ndi msewu. Mphamvu yowonjezereka ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chopondapo cha brake, mawilo amathamanga mofulumira komanso mogwira mtima. Kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi panthawi ya braking kumatha kufika 10-15 MPa.

Kumapeto kwa braking (kumasula chopondapo cha brake), chopondapo mothandizidwa ndi kasupe wobwerera chimasunthira pamalo ake oyamba. Pistoni ya silinda yayikulu ya brake imasunthira pamalo ake oyamba. Zinthu za masika zimasuntha mapepala kutali ndi ma diski (ng'oma). Mabuleki amadzimadzi ochokera m'masilinda amagudumu amakanikizidwa kudzera m'mapaipi kulowa mu silinda yayikulu ya brake. Kupanikizika m'dongosolo kumatsika.

Mitundu yama brake system

Dongosolo la brake limaphatikiza ma brake mechanism ndi brake drive. Makina a brake adapangidwa kuti apange torque ya braking yofunikira kuti muchepetse ndikuyimitsa galimoto. Makina a friction brake amaikidwa pamagalimoto, omwe ntchito zake zimatengera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zolimbana. Njira zowonongeka za dongosolo logwirira ntchito zimayikidwa mwachindunji mu gudumu. Mabuleki oimika magalimoto amatha kukhala kuseri kwa bokosi la gear kapena chotengera chosinthira.

Kutengera ndi kapangidwe kagawo la kukangana, pali ng'oma ndi disk njira za brake.

Makina a brake amakhala ndi gawo lozungulira komanso lokhazikika. Monga gawo lozungulira ng'oma makina ng'oma ya brake imagwiritsidwa ntchito, gawo lokhazikika - ma brake pads kapena mabandi.

mozungulira gawo makina a disk kuyimiridwa ndi chimbale cha brake, chokhazikika - ndi ma brake pads. Pamaso ndi kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa magalimoto amakono okwera, monga lamulo, mabuleki a disc amayikidwa.

Momwe mabuleki amagwirira ntchito

Zigawo zazikulu zamkati mwa mabuleki a ng'oma ndi:

1. Ng'oma yonyema. Chinthu chopangidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba kwambiri. Imayikidwa pazitsulo kapena chingwe chothandizira ndipo sichimangokhala gawo lalikulu lolumikizana lomwe limalumikizana mwachindunji ndi mapepala, komanso ngati nyumba yomwe mbali zina zonse zimayikidwa. Mbali yamkati ya ng'oma ya mabuleki ndi malo opangira mabuleki bwino kwambiri.
2. Pads. Mosiyana ndi ma disc brake pads, ma drum brake pads amakhala ozungulira. Mbali yawo yakunja ili ndi zokutira zapadera za asibesitosi. Ngati ma brake pads aikidwa pa mawilo akumbuyo, ndiye kuti imodzi mwazo imalumikizidwanso ndi lever yoyimitsa magalimoto.
3. Zovuta zimayambira. Zinthu izi zimamangiriridwa kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa mapadi, kuwalepheretsa kuyenda mosiyanasiyana mopanda ntchito.
4. Masilinda anyema. Ichi ndi thupi lapadera lopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, mbali zonse ziwiri zomwe ma pistoni ogwira ntchito amaikidwa. Amayendetsedwa ndi kuthamanga kwa hydraulic komwe kumachitika dalaivala akamakanikizira ma brake pedal. Mbali zina za ma pistoni ndi zisindikizo za rabara ndi valavu kuti achotse mpweya wotsekedwa mu dera.
5. Chitetezo cha disk. Gawoli ndi chinthu chokhala ndi ma hub pomwe ma cylinders ndi ma pads amamangiriridwa. Kumanga kwawo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera.
6. Makina odzipangira okha. Maziko a limagwirira ndi wapadera mphero, kuzama monga ziyangoyango ananyema atha. Cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kukanikiza pafupipafupi kwa mapepala pamwamba pa ng'oma, mosasamala kanthu za kuvala kwa malo awo ogwirira ntchito.

**Zigawo zomwe zatchulidwa ndi ife nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga ambiri akuluakulu. Pali magawo angapo omwe amaikidwa mwachinsinsi ndi makampani ena. Izi, mwachitsanzo, ndi njira yobweretsera mapepala, mitundu yonse ya spacers, etc.

Momwe ntchito: dalaivala, ngati kuli kofunikira, amakankhira chopondapo, ndikupanga kupanikizika kowonjezereka mu dera la brake. Ma hydraulics amakanikiza ma pistoni a master cylinder, omwe amayendetsa ma brake pads. Iwo "amapatukana" kumbali, kutambasula akasupe ophatikizana, ndikufika kumalo ogwirizana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a ng'oma. Chifukwa cha kukangana komwe kumachitika pankhaniyi, kuthamanga kwa magudumu kumachepa, ndipo galimoto imachepa. Ma aligorivimu ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito mabuleki a ng'oma amawoneka chimodzimodzi. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa machitidwe okhala ndi pistoni imodzi ndi ziwiri.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Drum Mabuleki

pakati makhalidwe abwino Dongosolo la ng'oma limatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kuphweka kwapangidwe, malo ambiri olumikizana pakati pa ma pads ndi ng'oma, mtengo wotsika, m'badwo wotentha kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito mabuleki otsika mtengo okhala ndi malo otentha otsika. Komanso, pakati pa zabwino ndizojambula zotsekedwa zomwe zimateteza makina kumadzi ndi dothi.

Kuipa kwa mabuleki a drum:

• kuyankha pang'onopang'ono;
• kusakhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito;
• mpweya wabwino;
• dongosolo limagwira ntchito kuti liwonongeke, lomwe limachepetsa mphamvu yovomerezeka yokakamiza ya mapepala pamakoma a ng'oma;
• ndi mabuleki pafupipafupi komanso katundu wambiri, kusinthika kwa ng'oma chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu ndikotheka.

M'magalimoto amakono, mabuleki a ng'oma amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Kwenikweni amayikidwa pamawilo akumbuyo mumitundu ya bajeti. Pankhaniyi, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukhazikitsa mabuleki oimika magalimoto.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, powonjezera kukula kwa ng'oma, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya brake system. Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kufala kwa mabuleki a ng’oma m’magalimoto ndi m’mabasi.

Momwe mabuleki a disk amagwirira ntchito

Dongosolo la brake la disc lili ndi ma brake disc ozungulira, mapepala awiri okhazikika omwe amayikidwa mkati mwa caliper mbali zonse.

M'dongosolo lino, mapepala omwe amaikidwa pa caliper amapanikizidwa kumbali zonse ziwiri kupita ku ndege za brake disc, zomwe zimamangiriridwa ku gudumu la magudumu ndikuzungulira nazo. Metal brake pads ali ndi zomangira zomangika.

Caliper ndi thupi lopangidwa ndi chitsulo chonyezimira kapena aluminiyamu ngati mawonekedwe a bulaketi. Mkati mwake muli silinda ya brake yokhala ndi pisitoni yomwe imakanikizira padisiki panthawi yoboola.

Bracket (caliper) imatha kuyandama kapena kukhazikika. Chomangira choyandama chimatha kuyenda motsatira malangizowo. Ali ndi pistoni imodzi. Caliper yokhazikika imakhala ndi ma pistoni awiri, imodzi mbali iliyonse ya disc. Makina oterowo amatha kukanikiza ma pads mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi ma brake disc ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mumitundu yamphamvu.

Ma disks a Brake amapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo, chitsulo, carbon ndi ceramic. Ma disc a cast iron ndi otsika mtengo, amakhala ndi mikangano yabwino komanso amakana kuvala kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimalekerera kusintha kwa kutentha bwino, koma mawonekedwe ake osagwirizana ndi oipitsitsa.

Opepuka mpweya zimbale ndi mkulu coefficient wa kukangana ndi kwambiri kutentha kukana. Koma amafunika kutenthedwa, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri. Kukula kwa ma disc a carbon brake ndi magalimoto amasewera.

Ma Ceramics ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi kaboni fiber malinga ndi friction coefficient, koma imagwira ntchito bwino pa kutentha kwakukulu, imakhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu komanso kuvala kukana pa kulemera kochepa. Choyipa chachikulu cha ma disc otere ndi kukwera mtengo.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa disc brakes

Ubwino wa ma disk brakes:

• kulemera kochepa poyerekeza ndi dongosolo la ng'oma;
• kumasuka kwa matenda ndi kukonza;
• kuziziritsa bwino chifukwa cha mapangidwe otseguka;
• ntchito khola mu lonse kutentha osiyanasiyana.

Kuipa kwa ma disk brakes:

• kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha;
• kufunikira kwa amplifiers owonjezera chifukwa cha malo ochepa olumikizana pakati pa mapepala ndi disk;
• kuvala kwa pad mwachangu;
• mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kuposa wa ng'oma.