Ndi mapulagi ati omwe ali bwino

Kuyaka kwa mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya m'mainjini oyatsira mkati kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi moto wopangidwa ndi zida zotchedwa spark plugs. Kukhazikika kwa ntchito ya mphamvu yamagetsi kumadalira khalidwe lawo ndi chikhalidwe chawo.

Magetsi a ma kilovolts angapo mpaka makumi angapo a kilovolts amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi a spark plug. Arc yanthawi yochepa yamagetsi yomwe imachitika pankhaniyi imayambitsa kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya.

Chifukwa cha zolakwika, ma spark plugs otopa, kulephera kwa spark kumachitika, zomwe zimabweretsa kusakhazikika kwa injini, kutayika kwa mphamvu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri.

Choncho, nthawi ndi nthawi, makandulo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kusinthidwa. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa m'malo, mutha kuyang'ana pa mtunda kapena pamayendedwe agalimoto.

Ma spark plugs omwe amapezeka pamalonda amatha kusiyana pamapangidwe, zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu maelekitirodi, ndi zina. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa izi ndi kudziwa amene ali bwino.

Kodi ma spark plugs ndi chiyani?

Mu classic version, spark plug ndi ma electrode awiri - ndi electrode imodzi yapakati ndi electrode ya mbali imodzi. Koma chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa mapangidwe anaonekera multielectrode (pakhoza kukhala maelekitirodi angapo akumbali, makamaka 2 kapena 4). Multielectrode yotereyi imalola kuonjezera kudalirika ndi moyo wautumiki. Komanso zocheperako chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwawo komanso mayeso otsutsana nyali и prechamber makandulo.

Kuphatikiza pa mapangidwe, makandulo amagawidwanso mu mitundu ina, chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga electrode. Monga momwe zinakhalira, nthawi zambiri ndi chitsulo chosakanikirana ndi faifi tambala ndi manganese, koma kuti awonjezere moyo wautumiki, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zosiyanasiyana zimagulitsidwa pamagetsi, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku platinamu kapena iridium.

Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha platinum ndi iridium spark plugs ndi mawonekedwe osiyana apakati ndi pansi. Popeza kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulozi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kwamphamvu kosalekeza m'malo ovuta kwambiri, ma elekitirodi owonda amafunikira mphamvu zochepa, potero amachepetsa katundu pa coil yoyatsira ndikukulitsa kuyaka kwamafuta. Ndizomveka kuyika mapulagi a platinamu mu injini za turbo, chifukwa chitsulochi chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso sichimatentha kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi makandulo akale, makandulo a platinamu sayenera kutsukidwa ndi makina.

Ndi pafupipafupi kusintha makandulo akhoza kuikidwa motere:

• Mapulagi a Copper / nickel spark ali ndi moyo wokhazikika wautumiki wa makilomita 30., Mtengo wawo umagwirizana ndi moyo wautumiki.
• Makandulo a platinamu (kupopera pa electrode kumatanthawuza) ali m'malo achiwiri malinga ndi moyo wautumiki, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Kutalika kwa ntchito yopanda mavuto ya spark poyatsira ndiutali kawiri, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi 60 km. Kuphatikiza apo, kupangidwa kwa mwaye kudzakhala kochepa kwambiri, komwe kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakuyatsa kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya.
• Makandulo opangidwa ndi iridium amathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amafuta. Ma spark plugs awa amapereka moto wosadodometsedwa pa kutentha kwambiri. Chida ntchito adzakhala oposa 100 zikwi Km, koma mtengo adzakhala apamwamba kwambiri kuposa awiri oyambirira.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mapulagi?

Choyamba, yang'anani mu bukhu lautumiki la galimoto yanu, nthawi zambiri, mukhoza kupeza zambiri zokhudza mtundu wa makandulo omwe amaikidwa ku fakitale. Chisankho chabwino kwambiri chidzakhala ma spark plugs omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi automaker, chifukwa fakitale imaganizira zosowa za injini ndi luso la spark plugs. Makamaka ngati galimotoyo ili kale ndi mtunda wautali - kuyikamo ndalama ngati makandulo amtengo wapatali a platinamu kapena iridium sikungadzilungamitse. Muyeneranso kuganizira mtundu wa mafuta ndi kuchuluka kwa galimoto. Palibe zomveka kulipira ndalama zopangira mapulagi okwera mtengo a injini yokhala ndi malita ochepera 2, pomwe injini simafuna mphamvu zoletsa.

Zofunikira zazikulu pakusankha ma spark plugs

1. Parameters ndi specifications
2. Kutentha.
3. matenthedwe osiyanasiyana.
4. Zida zothandizira.

Ndipo kuti muzitha kuyendetsa makandulo mwachangu ndi zofunikira zofunika, muyenera kudziwa zolembera. Koma, mosiyana ndi zilembo zamafuta, zilembo za spark plug zilibe muyezo wovomerezeka ndipo, kutengera wopanga, dzina la zilembo za alphanumeric limatanthauziridwa mosiyana. Komabe, pa makandulo aliwonse pamakhala chizindikiro chosonyeza:

• awiri;
• mtundu wa kandulo ndi electrode;
• nambala yowala;
• mtundu ndi malo a electrode;
• kusiyana pakati pakati ndi mbali maelekitirodi.

Monga tanenera kale, posankha, muyenera kuganizira zenizeni za makandulo. Ndipo kuti timvetse momwe makhalidwe onse omwe ali pamwambawa amakhudzira, tikambirana mwachidule za zizindikiro za zizindikiro zonsezi.

ma elekitirodi am'mbali. Makandulo akale akale amakhala ndi electrode imodzi yapakati ndi mbali imodzi. Chomalizacho chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosakanikirana ndi manganese ndi faifi tambala. Komabe, ma spark plug okhala ndi ma electrode angapo apansi akukhala otchuka kwambiri. Amapereka mphamvu yowonjezera komanso yokhazikika, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pa kandulo. Kuphatikiza apo, maelekitirodi angapo apansi samadetsedwa mwachangu, amafuna kuyeretsa pafupipafupi komanso kukhalitsa.

Makandulo ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana, maelekitirodi amene wokutidwa ndi zitsulo zotsatirazi - platinamu ndi iridium (yachiwiri - kusintha zitsulo gulu platinamu), kapena aloyi awo. Makandulo oterowo ali ndi gwero la makilomita 60-100, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, amafunikira magetsi otsika.

Ma Spark plugs otengera platinamu ndi iridium samatsukidwa ndi makina.

Chosiyana ndi makandulo a plasma-prechamber ndikuti gawo la electrode yam'mbali limasewera ndi thupi la kandulo. Komanso, kandulo yotereyi imakhala ndi mphamvu yoyaka kwambiri. Ndipo izi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya injini ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapoizoni mu mpweya wotuluka m'galimoto.

electrode yapakati. Nsonga yake imapangidwa ndi chitsulo-nickel alloys ndi kuwonjezera kwa chromium ndi mkuwa. Pa ma spark plugs okwera mtengo kwambiri, nsonga ya platinamu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kunsonga, kapena m'malo mwake mutha kugwiritsa ntchito electrode yopyapyala ya iridium. Popeza electrode yapakati ndi gawo lotentha kwambiri la kandulo, mwini galimotoyo nthawi ndi nthawi amafunika kuyeretsa. Komabe, munkhaniyi tikungolankhula za makandulo akale akale. Ngati platinamu, iridium kapena yttrium ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku electrode, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa choyeretsera, chifukwa ma depositi a kaboni samapangidwa.

* Ndikofunikira kuti musinthe ma spark plugs akale pamtunda wamakilomita 30 aliwonse. Koma makandulo platinamu ndi iridium ali ndi gwero apamwamba - kuchokera 60 mpaka 100 zikwi makilomita.

Kusiyana kwa makandulo - uku ndiko kukula kwa kusiyana pakati pa chapakati ndi mbali (s) maelekitirodi. Chokulirapo, m'pamenenso mphamvu yamagetsi imafunika kuti phokoso liwonekere. Mwachidule lingalirani zinthu zomwe izi zimakhudza:

1. Mpata waukulu umayambitsa moto waukulu, womwe umatha kuyatsa kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya, komanso kumapangitsa kuti injini ikhale yosalala.
2. Mpweya waukulu kwambiri ndi wovuta kubowola ndi spark. Kuonjezera apo, pamaso pa kuipitsidwa, kutulutsa magetsi kungapeze njira ina yokha - kupyolera mu insulator kapena mawaya apamwamba kwambiri. Izi zitha kuyambitsa ngozi.
3. Maonekedwe a electrode chapakati amakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu ya magetsi mu kandulo. The woonda nsonga awo, ndi yaikulu mavuto mtengo. Mapulagi a platinamu ndi iridium spark omwe atchulidwawo ali ndi ma elekitirodi owonda okha, motero amapereka kuwala kwabwino.

** Ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti mtunda pakati pa ma electrode ndi wosiyana. Choyamba, pakugwira ntchito kwa kandulo, maelekitirodi amawotcha mwachibadwa, kotero muyenera kusintha mtunda kapena kugula makandulo atsopano. Kachiwiri, ngati inu anaika LPG (zida gasi) pa galimoto yanu, ndiye muyenera kukhazikitsa kusiyana chofunika pakati maelekitirodi kuyaka apamwamba a mtundu uwu wa mafuta.

Nambala yotentha - ichi ndi mtengo womwe umasonyeza nthawi yomwe kandulo ifika pamoto woyaka. Nambala yowala ikakwera, kandulo imayaka pang'ono. Pafupifupi, makandulo amagawidwa m'magulu:

• "kutentha" (kukhala ndi chiwerengero cha 11-14);
• "wapakatikati" (momwemonso, 17-19);
• "ozizira" (20 kapena kuposa);
• "padziko lonse" (11-20).

 Mapulagi "otentha" adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pamainjini otsika kwambiri. M'magulu oterowo, njira yodziyeretsa yokha imapezeka pa kutentha kochepa. "Cold" spark plugs amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mainjini othamanga kwambiri, ndiko kuti, komwe kutentha kumafika pamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri.

**Ndikofunikira kusankha ma spark plugs okhala ndi mulingo wowala womwe wafotokozedwa m'buku lagalimoto yanu. Ngati musankha kandulo yokhala ndi nambala yayikulu, ndiye kuti, ikani kandulo "yozizira", ndiye kuti makinawo adzataya mphamvu, chifukwa si mafuta onse omwe adzayaka, ndipo mwaye udzawonekera pamagetsi, chifukwa kutentha sikudzakhala kokwanira. gwirani ntchito yodziyeretsa. Ndipo mosemphanitsa, ngati muyika kandulo "yotentha", ndiye momwemonso galimoto idzataya mphamvu, koma kuwalako kudzakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo kanduloyo idzayaka yokha. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse tsatirani malingaliro a wopanga, ndipo gulani kandulo yokhala ndi nambala yowala yoyenera!

Mutha kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa makandulo ozizira ndi otentha polemba chizindikiro, kapena mawonekedwe a chapakati electrode insulator - ang'onoang'ono ndi, ozizira kandulo.

Makulidwe a makandulo. Ndi kukula kwa makandulo amagawidwa malinga ndi magawo angapo. Makamaka, kutalika kwa ulusi, m'mimba mwake, mtundu wa ulusi, kukula kwa mutu wa turnkey. Malinga ndi kutalika kwa ulusi, makandulo amagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu:

• kutalika - 12 mm;
• kutalika - 19 mm;
• kutalika - 25 mm.

Ngati injiniyo ndi yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuyikapo makandulo okhala ndi ulusi mpaka 12 mm. Pankhani ya kutalika kwa ulusi, 14 mm ndiye mtengo wofananira kwambiri muukadaulo wamagalimoto.

Nthawi zonse mvetserani miyeso yomwe yasonyezedwa. Mukayesa kuwononga spark plug yokhala ndi miyeso yosagwirizana ndi injini yagalimoto yanu, mutha kuwononga ulusi wa pulagi kapena kuwononga ma valve. Mulimonsemo, izi zidzabweretsa kukonzanso kokwera mtengo.

Ndi ma spark plugs ati omwe ali abwino kwa injini ya carbureted?

Kawirikawiri makandulo otsika mtengo amaikidwa pa iwo, maelekitirodi omwe amapangidwa ndi faifi tambala kapena mkuwa. Izi ndichifukwa cha mtengo wawo wotsika komanso zofunikira zotsika zomwe zimagwira makandulo. Monga lamulo, gwero la zinthu zoterezi ndi pafupifupi makilomita 30 zikwi.

Ndi ma spark plugs ati omwe ali abwino kwambiri pa injini ya jakisoni?

Palinso zofunika zina. Pankhaniyi, mutha kukhazikitsa makandulo onse otsika mtengo a faifi tambala komanso ma platinamu ochulukirapo kapena ma iridium. Ngakhale kuti adzawononga ndalama zambiri, ali ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera, komanso ntchito yabwino. Chifukwa chake, musintha makandulo nthawi zambiri, ndipo mafuta amawotcha mokwanira. Izi zidzakhudza mphamvu ya injini, mawonekedwe ake osinthika, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.

Kumbukiraninso kuti makandulo a platinamu ndi iridium safunikira kutsukidwa, ali ndi ntchito yodziyeretsa. Gwero la makandulo platinamu ndi 50-60 zikwi Km, ndi iridium - 60-100 zikwi Km. Popeza kuti posachedwa mpikisano pakati pa opanga ukuwonjezeka, mtengo wa makandulo a platinamu ndi iridium ukucheperachepera. Choncho, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa.

Ndi ma spark plugs ati omwe ali abwino kwa gasi?

Ponena za makina okhala ndi zida za baluni ya gasi (HBO), makandulo okhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono ayenera kuikidwa pa iwo. Makamaka, chifukwa chakuti mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya omwe amapangidwa ndi gasi sakhala odzaza, mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri imafunika kuti iwonongeke. Chifukwa chake, mu injini zotere ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa makandulo ndi kusiyana kochepa pakati pa ma elekitirodi (pafupifupi 0,1-0,3 mm, kutengera injini). Pali zitsanzo zapadera zoyika gasi. Komabe, ngati kandulo ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi dzanja, ndiye kuti izi zikhoza kuchitika ndi kandulo ya "mafuta" okhazikika, kuchepetsa kusiyana komweku ndi pafupifupi 0,1 mm. Pambuyo pake, ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mu injini yomwe imayendera gasi.