Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chitofu chagalimoto

Osadziwa magalimoto eni ake samamvetsetsa nthawi zonse zomwe chitofu m'galimoto chimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe chimalandirira mphamvu zotentha, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zimawotcha mkati. Kumvetsetsa njira yopangira mphamvu yamafuta mu chowotcha chamoto ndikofunikira osati chiphunzitso chokha, komanso kuchitapo kanthu, chifukwa popanda chidziwitso chotere dalaivala sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chowotcha chamkati.

Osadziwa magalimoto eni ake samamvetsetsa nthawi zonse zomwe chitofu m'galimoto chimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe chimalandirira mphamvu zotentha, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zimawotcha mkati. Kumvetsetsa njira yopangira mphamvu yamafuta mu chowotcha chamoto ndikofunikira osati chiphunzitso chokha, komanso kuchitapo kanthu, chifukwa popanda chidziwitso chotere dalaivala sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chowotcha chamkati.

Kodi chitofu ndi cha chiyani?

Mayina angapo adaperekedwa kugawoli:

• mbaula;
• chotenthetsera;
• chotenthetsera.

Onsewa amafotokoza tanthauzo lake - chipangizocho chapangidwa kuti chiwotchere chipinda chokwera, kotero kuti ngakhale pamagalimoto owopsa ndi ofunda komanso omasuka m'galimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, chowotchacho chimawotcha mpweya wotentha pamphepo yam'mbuyo, chifukwa chomwe matalala ndi ayezi zimasungunuka pamenepo.

Momwe kutentha kwamkati kumagwirira ntchito

Chitofu ndi gawo la dongosolo lozizira la injini, choncho, kuti mumvetse mfundo za ntchito yake, choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa kumene mphamvu yotentha imachokera mu injini ndi chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kuziziziritsa. Magalimoto amakono, kupatula magalimoto amagetsi, amakhala ndi ma motors omwe amagwira ntchito pokulitsa mpweya pakuyaka mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya (petulo, dizilo kapena gasi kuphatikiza mpweya), chifukwa chake zida zamagetsi zotere zimatchedwa "injini zoyatsira mkati" kapena kuyaka kwamkati. injini.

Kutentha mkati mwa masilindala pa nthawi yogwira ntchito kumafika madigiri zikwi ziwiri Celsius, omwe ndi okwera kwambiri kuposa kutentha kwa aluminiyamu, komwe mutu wa silinda (mutu wa silinda) umapangidwira, komanso chipika chachitsulo chachitsulo (BC). ).

Kodi kutentha kochulukako kumachokera kuti?

Pambuyo pa kutha kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, kutuluka kwa mpweya kumayamba, pamene mpweya wotentha umachoka mu injini ndikulowa mu chothandizira, kumene ma hydrocarboni ndi carbon monoxide amawotchedwa, kotero wokhometsa nthawi zambiri amawotcha mpaka madigiri 600-900. Komabe, panthawi yogwira ntchito, kusakaniza koyaka kwa mafuta ndi mpweya kumatha kusamutsa gawo la mphamvu yotentha ya BC ndi mutu wa silinda, ndipo chifukwa chakuti kuthamanga kwa shaft kwa injini za dizilo zachikale ndi 550 rpm, ntchito yozungulira. imadutsa mu silinda iliyonse pamphindi 1-2. Pamene katundu pa galimoto akuwonjezeka, dalaivala amakakamiza kwambiri gasi, zomwe zimawonjezeka:

• kuchuluka kwa osakaniza mpweya-mafuta;
• kutentha pa nthawi ya ntchito;
• chiwerengero cha nkhupakupa pa sekondi.

Ndiko kuti, kuwonjezeka kwa katundu kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yotulutsidwa ndi kutentha kwa mbali zonse za injini. Poganizira kuti zinthu zambiri zopangira magetsi zimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, kutentha koteroko sikuvomerezeka kwa iwo, chifukwa chake, kutentha kwakukulu kumachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yozizira. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa injini pakugwira ntchito ndi madigiri 95-105 Celsius, ndichifukwa chake mipata yonse yotentha ya injini imawerengedwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuvala kwa magawo pa kutentha kumeneku kumakhala kochepa. Kumvetsetsa mfundo yopezera mphamvu zowonjezera kutentha ndikofunikira kuti muyankhe funsoli - kodi chitofu m'galimoto chimagwira ntchito bwanji.

Kutentha kwa injini yamoto

Kuti muyambitse galimoto nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira, makina odziyimira pawokha (oyendetsedwa ndi mafuta okhazikika ndi batri) kapena netiweki yoyambira yoyambira imalumikizidwa ndi makina oziziritsa, omwe amatenthetsa choziziritsa kuzizira mpaka madigiri 70. Chipangizo choterocho chimakupatsani mwayi woyambitsa chitofu musanayatse injini, chifukwa preheater imaphatikizapo pampu yowonjezera yomwe imazungulira antifreeze (yozizira, yozizira). Popanda chipangizo ichi, kuzizira koyambira kwa gawo lamagetsi kumakhudza kwambiri momwe injiniyo ilili, chifukwa mafuta a viscous sapereka kudzoza kothandiza kwa malo opaka.

Kodi kutentha kwakukulu kumapita kuti?

Kuonetsetsa ulamuliro woteroyo, mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera iyenera kutayidwa kwinakwake. Pachithunzithunzi chozizira, mabwalo awiri osiyana a antifreeze amapangidwira izi, iliyonse ili ndi radiator yake (chosinthanitsa kutentha):

• salon (chitofu);
• main (injini).

Mphamvu yotulutsa kutentha kwa radiator ya saloon ndi nthawi makumi khumi kuposa imodzi, choncho imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa kutentha kwa injini, koma ntchito yake ndi yokwanira kutentha mkati mwa galimoto. Pamene injini ikuwotha, kutentha kwake kumakwera, choncho dalaivala atangoyambitsa galimotoyo, antifreeze yozizira imadutsa mu radiator yamkati, yomwe imatentha pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, singano ya thermometer ikachoka kudera lakufa, mpweya wofunda umayamba kuwomba kuchokera ku zopotoka, ndi chitofu choyatsidwa.

Kuzungulira kwachilengedwe kwa zoziziritsa kuzizira sikokwanira, chifukwa chake amapopedwa mokakamiza ndi pampu yamadzi (pampu), yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi lamba ku camshaft kapena crankshaft. Nthawi zambiri lamba limodzi limayendetsa mpope, jenereta ndi mpope wowongolera mphamvu (GUR). Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi kumatengera kuthamanga kwa injini, pakuyenda kwachabechabe kumakhala kochepa, ngakhale magawo a dongosolo lozizirira amasankhidwa kuti ateteze kutenthedwa kwa injini. Koma, m'magalimoto okhala ndi mphamvu yotopa komanso makina ozizirira otsekeka, injiniyo nthawi zambiri imatenthedwa popanda ntchito.

Malingana ngati kutentha kozizira kumakhala pansi pa mlingo wotsegulira thermostat (madigiri 80-95), madziwa amazungulira mozungulira pang'ono, izi zimachepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha, ndipo njirayi imatchedwa kutenthetsa. Pambuyo pofika kutentha, thermostat imatsegulidwa ndipo kuyendayenda kumayambira mu bwalo lalikulu, chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha kumawonjezeka ndipo kutentha kwakukulu kumatuluka mumlengalenga.

Kutentha kwa injini kukafika madigiri 95-100, zimakupiza zimayatsa, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri kuzizira kwa gawo lamagetsi, zomwe zimalola kuti zigwire ntchito moyenera momwe zingathere. Dongosolo loterolo limateteza mota modalirika, koma silimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a chitofu mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa kutentha kwa antifreeze kudutsamo kumasungidwa pamlingo womwewo, ndipo kutentha kwamoto kumakwanira ngakhale ndi mpweya wokwanira. ku saloon radiator.

Momwe chitofu chimatenthetsera mkati

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa komanso mtunda wochokera kumalo okwera anthu, chowotcha chotenthetsera sichingathe kutentha mkati mwa galimotoyo, choncho, mpweya wamkati kapena wakunja umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ozizira. Choncho, chitofu ndi chipangizo chovuta chomwe chimakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• zimakupiza;
• fyuluta yanyumba;
• rediyeta;
• milandu ndi njira;
• zonyowa;
• ma ducts a mpweya onyamula mpweya wotentha kupita kumadera osiyanasiyana a kanyumba;
• zopatuka zomwe zimatulutsira mpweya wotentha m'chipinda chokwera;
• amazilamulira

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mafani omwe amayikidwa pamagalimoto:

• centrifugal;
• woyendetsa ndege.

Zoyamba ndi thupi la "nkhono", mkati mwake momwe galimoto yamagetsi imazungulira gudumu lokhala ndi masamba. Panthawi yozungulira, gudumu limazungulira mpweya, zomwe zimayambitsa kuthamanga kwa centrifugal, kuzikakamiza kuti ziyang'ane njira yotuluka mu "nkhono". Kutuluka kumeneku kumakhala kawindo kakang'ono komwe kamadutsa pa liwiro linalake. Pamene gudumu limayenda mofulumira, fani imawomba kwambiri.

chowotcha galimoto

Mtundu wachiwiri wa zimakupiza ndi mota yamagetsi yokhala ndi propeller (impeller) yomwe imamangiriridwa ku shaft yake. Mapiko a propeller, omwe amapindika molowera kwina, amafinya mpweya poyenda. Mafani oterowo ndi otsika mtengo kupanga, komanso amatenga malo ocheperako, koma sagwira ntchito bwino, kotero adayikidwa pamagalimoto akale agalimoto, mwachitsanzo, banja lonse lakale la magalimoto a VAZ, ndiye kuti Zhiguli yodziwika bwino.

Zosefera kanyumba

Chitofu chimayamwa mpweya kuchokera kumunsi kwa chipinda cha injini, kotero pali mwayi waukulu wa miyala yaing'ono ndi zinyalala zina zomwe zimalowa mu mpweya, zomwe zingawononge fani kapena radiator. Choseferacho chimapangidwa ngati katiriji yochotseka, ndipo mpweya umatsukidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu zopangidwa ndi accordion yokhala ndi antibacterial impregnation.

Zosefera kanyumba

Zosefera zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zokwera mtengo zili ndi gawo lowonjezera lodzazidwa ndi kaboni, chifukwa amayeretsa mpweya womwe ukubwera ngakhale kuchokera kufungo losasangalatsa.

Redieta

Chotenthetsera kutentha ndicho chinthu chachikulu cha chowotcha, chifukwa ndi iye amene amasamutsa mphamvu yotentha kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mpweya wodutsamo. Amakhala ndi machubu angapo omwe amadutsa muzitsulo zachitsulo zokhala ndi matenthedwe apamwamba, nthawi zambiri aluminiyamu kapena mkuwa. Gululi, lomwe lili ndi nthiti zamtundu uliwonse, limayikidwa kuti lipereke kukana pang'ono kwa mpweya womwe umadutsa pakati pawo, koma nthawi yomweyo itenthetseni momwe mungathere, kotero kuti chotenthetsera chikakulirakulira, mpweya wochuluka ukhoza kutentha. pagawo la nthawi mpaka kutentha komwe kumaperekedwa. Gawoli limapangidwa m'mitundu iwiri yayikulu:

• chitoliro chopindika cha serpentine chikudutsa nthiti - mapangidwe awa ndi otsika mtengo momwe angathere kupanga komanso osamalidwa kwambiri, koma mphamvu zake ndizochepa;
• matanki awiri (otolera) olumikizidwa ndi machubu oonda omwe amadutsa pa kabati, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri kupanga komanso kovutirapo kukonza, koma magwiridwe ake ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

makina opangira radiator

Zitsanzo zotsika mtengo zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu, zabwinoko zimapangidwa ndi mkuwa.

Mlandu ndi ma channel

Njira 2 zimadutsa kuchokera ku fan kudzera m'nyumba, imodzi imakhala ndi radiator, yachiwiri imadutsa chosinthira kutentha. Kukonzekera uku kumakupatsani mwayi wosintha kutentha kwa mpweya womwe umalowa m'nyumba kuchokera mumsewu kupita kumalo otentha kwambiri. Damper yomwe ili pamphambano za ngalandezi imawongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya. Pamene ili pakati, mpweya wotuluka umalowa m'njira zonse ziwiri pafupifupi liwiro lofanana, kusuntha kumbali zonse kumabweretsa kutsekedwa kwa njira yofanana ndi kutsegula kwathunthu kwa winayo.

Zowononga

Chotenthetsera chagalimoto chili ndi zoziziritsira 3:

• yoyamba imatsegula ndi kutseka ma ducts a mpweya momwe mpweya umalowa mu radiator, zimatengera komwe chowotcha chimayamwa mpweya kuchokera, kuchokera mumsewu kapena kuchokera kumalo okwera;
• yachiwiri imayendetsa mpweya kwa radiator, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imayendetsa kutentha kwake;
• chachitatu chimagawira mpweya wotuluka kwa zopotoka zosiyanasiyana, kukulolani kutentha zonse mkati ndi mbali zake zokha.

Choyatsira chitofu chamoto

M'magalimoto a bajeti, ma levers ndi ma control knobs a ma dampers awa amawonetsedwa kutsogolo kwa panel console; pamagalimoto okwera mtengo kwambiri, ntchito yawo imayendetsedwa ndi air conditioning microcontroller.

mpweya ducts

Kutengera mtundu ndi kasinthidwe ka makinawo, ma ducts a mpweya amayikidwa pansi pa gulu lakutsogolo komanso pansi, ndipo malo ogulitsira amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana mnyumbamo. Malo otchuka kwambiri a mpweya ndi malo omwe ali pansi pa mipando yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo, chifukwa makonzedwe awa ndi abwino kwa kutentha osati kumtunda kokha komanso kumunsi kwa kanyumba, choncho miyendo ya dalaivala ndi okwera.

Zopotoka

Zinthu izi zimagwira ntchito ziwiri zofunika:

• kudula mpweya wotuluka m'mitsinje ingapo yaying'ono kuti muchepetse kuthamanga ndikusunga kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse;
• tetezani ma ducts a mpweya kuti zisalowe mu dothi.

Deflector stoves auto

Mwachitsanzo, deflectors pa "torpedo", ndiko kuti, gulu lakutsogolo, akhoza atembenuza, motero kusintha kayendedwe ka mpweya kuchokera kwa iwo. Ntchitoyi ndiyothandiza makamaka ngati nkhope ikuzizira ndipo kutembenuza chopotoka kumatsogolera mpweya wotentha.

Werenganinso: Chotenthetsera chowonjezera m'galimoto: ndi chiyani, chifukwa chiyani chikufunika, chipangizocho, momwe chimagwirira ntchito

Kuwongolera

M'galimoto iliyonse, zowongolera za chitofu zimayikidwa kutsogolo kapena kutonthoza kwake, koma momwe amachitira pazitsulo ndizosiyana. Mu zitsanzo zotsika mtengo kwambiri zopanda mpweya kapena kayendedwe ka nyengo, zowonongeka zimayendetsedwa ndi ndodo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi levers zotulutsidwa kunja. Mu zitsanzo zodula komanso zolemekezeka, komanso milingo yapamwamba kwambiri, zonse zimayendetsedwa ndi zamagetsi, zomwe zimalandira zidziwitso kuchokera ku mabatani ndi ma potentiometer omwe amawonetsedwa kutsogolo, komanso kuchokera pamakompyuta omwe ali pa bolodi kapena gawo lowongolera nyengo.

Pomaliza

The chotenthetsera mkati si chipangizo osiyana, koma dongosolo zovuta olumikizidwa kwa injini galimoto ndi pa bolodi mawaya magetsi, ndi gwero kutentha kwa izo ndi yoyaka mafuta mu masilindala. Choncho, yankho la funso - chimene chimapangitsa chitofu mu galimoto ntchito, n'zoonekeratu, chifukwa ndi injini kuyaka mkati ndi "chotenthetsera" weniweni kwa dalaivala ndi okwera, ndi zina zonse zimangotengera kutentha kwa. iwo, kutenthetsa mpweya ukubwera ndi kuwagawa mu kanyumba konse. Kaya muli ndi galimoto yamtundu wanji - Tavria, UAZ kapena galimoto yamakono yakunja, kutentha kwamkati nthawi zonse kumagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo iyi.

Kodi chitofu (chotentha) chimagwira ntchito bwanji. Chiwembu, zolephera, kukonza.