Chida cha injini yoyaka mkati - kanema, zithunzi, zithunzi

Injini yoyaka mkati ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zidasintha kwambiri miyoyo yathu - anthu adatha kuchoka pamangolo okokedwa ndi akavalo kupita kumagalimoto othamanga komanso amphamvu.

Woyamba injini kuyaka mkati anali ndi mphamvu otsika, ndi dzuwa silinafike ngakhale khumi peresenti, koma otopa oyambitsa - Lenoir, Otto, Daimler, Maybach, Dizilo, Benz ndi ena ambiri - anabweretsa chinachake chatsopano, chifukwa mayina ambiri. osafa m'maina amakampani otchuka amagalimoto.

Injini zoyatsira mkati zafika patali kwambiri kuchokera ku injini zosuta komanso nthawi zambiri zosweka kupita ku injini zamakono za biturbo, koma mfundo ya ntchito yawo imakhala yofanana - kutentha kwamafuta kumasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu zamakina.

Dzina lakuti "injini yoyaka mkati" imagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa mafuta amayaka pakati pa injini, osati kunja, monga mu injini zoyatsira kunja - makina opangira nthunzi ndi injini za nthunzi.

Chifukwa cha ichi, injini kuyaka mkati analandira zabwino zambiri:

• zakhala zopepuka kwambiri komanso zandalama;
• zinakhala zotheka kuchotsa mayunitsi owonjezera kusamutsa mphamvu yakuyaka kwamafuta kapena nthunzi kumadera ogwirira ntchito a injini;
• mafuta a injini zoyatsira mkati ali ndi magawo omwe amakupatsani mwayi wopeza mphamvu zambiri zomwe zitha kusinthidwa kukhala ntchito yothandiza.

ICE chipangizo

Mosasamala kanthu za mafuta omwe injini ikuyendetsa - petulo, dizilo, propane-butane kapena eco-mafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta a masamba - chinthu chachikulu chogwira ntchito ndi pisitoni, yomwe ili mkati mwa silinda. Pistoni imawoneka ngati galasi lachitsulo lopindika (kuyerekeza ndi galasi la whiskey ndiloyenera kwambiri - lokhala ndi pansi lathyathyathya pansi ndi makoma owongoka), ndipo silindayo imawoneka ngati kachidutswa kakang'ono ka chitoliro mkati mwa pistoni.

Pamwamba pa lathyathyathya ya pisitoni pali chipinda choyaka moto - chozungulira chozungulira, ndimo momwe kusakaniza kwa mpweya wa mpweya kumalowera ndikuphulika apa, ndikuyika pisitoni. Kuyenda uku kumaperekedwa ku crankshaft pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo zolumikizira. Kumtunda kwa ndodo zolumikizira kumangiriridwa ndi pisitoni mothandizidwa ndi pistoni, yomwe imalowetsedwa m'mabowo awiri kumbali ya pisitoni, ndipo gawo lapansi limamangiriridwa ku magazini yolumikizira ndodo ya crankshaft.

Woyamba injini kuyaka mkati anali ndi pistoni imodzi, koma izo zinali zokwanira kukhala ndi mphamvu makumi angapo ndiyamphamvu.

Masiku ano, injini zokhala ndi pistoni imodzi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwachitsanzo, injini zoyambira mathirakitala, zomwe zimakhala ngati zoyambira. Komabe, injini za 2, 3, 4, 6 ndi 8-silinda ndizofala kwambiri, ngakhale kuti zimapangidwa ndi ma silinda 16 kapena kuposa.

Ma pistoni ndi masilinda ali mu silinda block. Kuchokera momwe ma silinda ali okhudzana ndi wina ndi mzake ndi zinthu zina za injini, mitundu ingapo ya injini zoyaka mkati zimasiyanitsidwa:

• mumzere - masilindala amapangidwa mzere umodzi;
• V-woboola pakati - masilindala amakhala moyang'anizana ndi ngodya, mu gawo amafanana ndi chilembo "V";
• Mawonekedwe a U - injini ziwiri zolumikizidwa pamzere;
• Mawonekedwe a X - injini zoyatsira mkati zokhala ndi mapasa okhala ngati V;
• boxer - ngodya pakati pa midadada yamphamvu ndi madigiri 180;
• 12-silinda yooneka ngati W - mizere itatu kapena inayi ya masilindala omwe amaikidwa mu mawonekedwe a chilembo "W";
• ma radial engines - omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ndege, ma pistoni amakhala muzitsulo zozungulira kuzungulira crankshaft.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha injini ndi crankshaft, kumene pisitoni yobwerezabwereza imafalikira, crankshaft imasintha kukhala kasinthasintha.

Pamene liwiro la injini kuwonetsedwa pa tachometer, ndiye chiwerengero cha kasinthasintha wa crankshaft pamphindi, ndiko kuti, chimayenda pa liwiro la 2000 rpm ngakhale pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, crankshaft chikugwirizana ndi flywheel, kumene kasinthasintha amadyetsedwa kudzera pa clutch ku gearbox, Komano, pulley crankshaft chikugwirizana ndi jenereta ndi gasi kugawa limagwirira kudzera lamba pagalimoto. M'magalimoto amakono, crankshaft pulley imalumikizidwanso ndi ma air conditioning ndi ma pulleys owongolera mphamvu.

Mafuta amaperekedwa ku injini kudzera mu carburetor kapena injector. Injini zoyatsira zamkati za Carburetor zayamba kale kutha chifukwa cha zolakwika zamapangidwe. Mu injini zoyatsira zamkati zotere, pamakhala kutuluka kosalekeza kwa petulo kudzera mu carburetor, ndiye kuti mafutawo amasakanizidwa munjira zambiri zolowera ndikudyetsedwa m'zipinda zoyatsira ma pistoni, pomwe amaphulika pansi pakuchitapo kanthu.

Mu injini za jakisoni wachindunji, mafuta amasakanizidwa ndi mpweya mu silinda, pomwe spark imaperekedwa kuchokera ku spark plug.

Njira yogawa gasi ndiyomwe imayang'anira magwiridwe antchito a valve system. Ma valve olowetsa amatsimikizira kuyenda kwanthawi yake kwa kusakaniza kwa mpweya-mafuta, ndipo ma valve otulutsa mpweya ndi omwe amachititsa kuchotsa zinthu zoyaka moto. Monga tidalembera kale, dongosolo loterolo limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zowongoka zinayi, pomwe mu injini zowongoka ziwiri sizifunikira ma valve.

Kanemayu akuwonetsa momwe injini yoyaka mkati imagwirira ntchito, ntchito zomwe imagwira komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito.

Chida cha injini yoyaka mkati mwa sitiroko anayi

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