Kuwongolera mphamvu: mitundu, zovuta ndi zabwino

Kuwongolera kwamagetsi kosiyanasiyana kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimafunikira kuti mutembenuzire chiwongolero, ndikupangitsa kuyendetsa galimoto kusatopetsa komanso kukhala kosavuta. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chiwongolero cha mphamvu, kuyendetsa bwino kumakhala bwino, ndipo ngati tayala laphulika, zimakhala zosavuta kusunga galimoto pamsewu ndikupewa ngozi.

Ngakhale magalimoto onyamula amatha kuchita popanda amplifiers, amayikidwa pamagalimoto ambiri opangidwa masiku ano. Koma kuyendetsa galimoto popanda chiwongolero chamagetsi kungasinthe kukhala ntchito yolemetsa.

Mitundu yowongolera mphamvu

Monga talembera kale, magalimoto amasiku ano, ngakhale pamasinthidwe oyambira, ali ndi chinthu chofunikira monga chiwongolero chamagetsi. Kugawika kwa magulu akukambidwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa. Onsewa ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, chiwembu, cholinga, mfundo zogwirira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yowongolera mphamvu:

• hydraulic (GUR);
• electrohydraulic (EGUR);
• magetsi (EUR);
• makina.

Chiwongolero champhamvu cha Hydraulic

Ma Hydraulics adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwongolera pakati pazaka zapitazi ndipo sanataye kufunika kwake. Chiwongolero champhamvu chimapezeka pamagalimoto ambiri amakono onyamula anthu.

Mtima wa chiwongolero cha mphamvu ndi mpope, womwe umayendetsedwa ndi lamba kapena chain drive kuchokera ku crankshaft ya injini. Pampu yowongolera mphamvu imapanga kukakamiza kwa mlengalenga pafupifupi 100 mumayendedwe otsekedwa a hydraulic.

Mafuta ogwirira ntchito (mafuta) omwe amapopedwa ndi mpope amadyetsedwa kudzera muzoyenera kupita kwa wogawa. Ntchito yake ndikugawanso madzimadzi kutengera kutembenuka kwa chiwongolero.

Silinda yamphamvu ya hydraulic yokhala ndi pistoni (chiwongolero chowongolera) imagwira ntchito ngati chida chothandizira.

Ubwino wa GUR:

• chiwongolero chowongolera;
• kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa kuyesayesa kofunikira kuzungulira chiwongolero;
• kuti mutembenuzire mawilo ku ngodya yofunikira, muyenera kuchepetsa chiwongolero;
• ngati gudumu lawonongeka, zimakhala zosavuta kupewa kuchoka panjanji;
• pakagwa hydraulic booster kulephera, kuyendetsa galimoto kumakhalabe.

Kuipa kwa Chiwongolero cha Mphamvu:

• amplifier imagwira ntchito pokhapokha injini ikugwira ntchito;
• kudalira liwiro la injini;
• popeza pampu imayendetsedwa ndi injini, izi zimawonjezera mafuta;
• atagwira chiwongolero mu umodzi wa maudindo kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali kungayambitse kutenthedwa kwambiri madzimadzi ntchito ndi kulephera kwa zinthu zina za dongosolo;
• kawirikawiri, makina a hydraulic ndi ochuluka kwambiri ndipo amafunika kukonzanso nthawi ndi nthawi.

Electro-hydraulic power chiwongolero

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito EGUR ndi yofanana ndi ya hydraulic booster. Kusiyanitsa ndikuti apa mpope imayendetsedwa ndi galimoto yamagetsi, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi jenereta.

Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta poyerekeza ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi.

Dongosolo lowongolera zamagetsi limasintha mphamvu malinga ndi liwiro. Izi zimatsimikizira kumasuka ndi kulondola kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake osati pamtunda wokha komanso pamtunda wochepa, zomwe sizingatheke mukamagwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera cha hydraulic booster.

Kuipa kwa EGUR:

• dongosolo likhoza kulephera ngati chiwongolerocho chikugwira ntchito kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mafuta;
• mtengo wokwera poyerekeza ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi;
• kusalumikizana bwino mu waya wamagetsi kapena kusagwira bwino kwa gawo lowongolera kungayambitse kutha kwa ntchito ya EGUR. Zomwe sizili zovuta kwambiri, koma kuchepa kwadzidzidzi kwa kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto pamene mukuyendetsa kungayambitse mantha kwa dalaivala wosakonzekera.

Ndi chiyani chabwino GUR kapena EGUR?

Monga tanena kale, EGUR ili ndi gawo lowongolera. Vuto ndilakuti amaphatikizidwa kukhala gawo limodzi la msonkhano ndi pampu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi gawo lake la hydraulic. Pa makina azaka zambiri, zolimba zimasweka ndipo chinyezi kapena ngakhale mafutawo amalowa mumagetsi. Izi zimachitika mosadziwika bwino, ndipo zikafika pazovuta zodziwikiratu pakugwira ntchito kwa amplifier, ndikuchedwa kuyesa kukonza china chake. Zinthu zokwera mtengo ziyenera kusinthidwa.

Kumbali ina, chiwembu choterocho ndi gawo lake lolamulira, mosiyana ndi chiwongolero champhamvu chapamwamba, chimakhala ndi kuphatikiza kofunikira - mtundu wachitetezo. Ngati pazifukwa zina kutuluka kwakukulu kwa mafuta kumachitika kuchokera ku dongosolo, ndiye kuti idzazimitsa mpope wokha, kuteteza imfa yake yadzidzidzi chifukwa chowuma. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chowonjezera cha hydraulic booster, kutayika kulikonse sikumaphatikizapo kuvala kwa zinthu zomwe zili mu njanji yokha. Choncho, palibe yankho lenileni la funso limeneli.

Chiwongolero chamagetsi

Ma hydraulic ovuta komanso ovuta kulibe pano. Chifukwa chake, palibe zolephera zowongolera mphamvu.

EUR imakhala ndi mota yamagetsi ndi gawo lowongolera.

Kodi chiwongolero chamagetsi chimagwira ntchito bwanji? Sensa imayang'anira mbali yozungulira komanso kuthamanga kwa chiwongolero cha chiwongolero ndikutumiza chizindikiro ku unit control unit. Purosesa imasanthula zambiri kuchokera ku sensa, ndikuiyerekeza ndi liwiro lagalimoto ndikupereka chizindikiro chowongolera kugalimoto yamagetsi. Injini imasuntha chowongolera moyenerera.

Ubwino wa EUR:

• kuphatikiza;
• phindu;
• mtengo wotsika wa EUR;
• palibe kudalira liwiro la injini;
• ntchito sizidalira kutentha yozungulira;
• kumasuka kwa kusintha.

Chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino awa, EUR kwambiri kuikidwa pa magalimoto amakono.

Chofunika kwambiri kuipa EUR ndi mphamvu yake yochepa, yomwe imadalira mphamvu ya jenereta. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito EUR pa SUVs, ndipo makamaka pa magalimoto.

Chiwongolero chamagetsi pamakina

Chiwongolero chamagetsi pamakina chimakhala ndi magiya osiyanasiyana mnyumba. Zotsatira za kulimbikitsa ndi kuwongolera kuwongolera pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotere ndikusintha magiya ozungulira. Pakalipano, mtundu uwu sugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha zovuta komanso kusadalirika kwa mapangidwe, komanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa phokoso panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi

Nthawi zambiri chiwongolero chamagetsi chimagwira ntchito modalirika ndipo sichibweretsa vuto lalikulu kwa eni magalimoto. Zachidziwikire, palibe chomwe chimakhala chamuyaya ndipo posakhalitsa hydraulic booster imalepheranso. Koma mavuto ambiri angathe kuthetsedwa paokha.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kutayikira kwamadzimadzi ogwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri imatuluka pamalo pomwe mapaipi amalumikizidwa ndi zolumikizira, nthawi zambiri mapaipi omwe amasweka.

Ngati kugwedezeka kapena kugwedezeka kumamveka potembenuza chiwongolero, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe lamba woyendetsa pampu akuyendera. Sinthani kapena kusintha ngati kuli kofunikira.

Gawo lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chiwongolero chamagetsi ndi mpope. Zikawoneka kuti ndizolakwika, vuto limakhalapo nthawi yomweyo: kukonza kapena kusintha. Ngati muli ndi chikhumbo, zida zofunikira ndi chidziwitso mu ntchito yamakina, mungayesere kukonza mpope nokha, ngakhale, ndithudi, palibe amene amatsimikizira kupambana zana.

Nthawi zambiri, kubereka kumalephera mu mpope. Nthawi zambiri, potsegula, zolakwika mu grooves ya rotor ndi mkati mwa stator zimapezeka. Ayenera kuwapukuta mosamala. Chisindikizo chamafuta ndi gaskets za rabara ziyeneranso kusinthidwa.

Zikawoneka kuti ma valve ndi olakwika, ndiye kuti ayenera kusinthidwa ngati seti, chifukwa amayenera kufanana wina ndi mnzake potengera kutulutsa.

Ngati palibe chotheka kapena chikhumbo chosokoneza ndi kukonza pampu yowongolera mphamvu nokha, mutha kulumikizana ndi oyendetsa galimoto. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kaye ngati pali katswiri wa ziyeneretso zofunika mumsonkhano wosankhidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe kukonzanso kudzawonongera.

Zingakhale bwino kungosintha mpope. Yatsopano ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri, kotero ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino kugula yokonzedwanso, yomwe idzawononga ndalama zochepa komanso yokhalitsa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi EUR

Mutha kuyang'ana ngati EUR yazimitsidwa kwathunthu poyerekeza zoyeserera potembenuza chiwongolero ndi injini yoyima ndikuthamanga. Ngati muzochitika zonsezi kuyesayesa komweko kumafunika kutembenuza "chiwongolero", ndiye kuti amplifier sikugwira ntchito.

Gawo loyamba ndikuwunika ma waya, thanzi la jenereta, kukhulupirika kwa ma fuse, kudalirika kwa olumikizana nawo. Kenako yang'anani sensor ya torque ndi zolumikizira zake. Ngati Speedometer nayonso sikugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti sensor yothamanga iyenera kuyang'aniridwa.

Ngati zonse zili mu dongosolo ndi kukhudzana kwa masensa, ndi bwino kusintha masensa okha. Chigawo chowongolera zamagetsi ndichosavuta kusintha nokha, koma muyenera kulumikizana ndi akatswiri azautumiki kuti muwone.

Nthawi zina, kuwonongeka kwa chiwongolero cha ESD kumatha kuwonekera ngati chiwongolero chosayembekezereka pakuyendetsa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo ndikuzimitsa EUR pochotsa fusesi yoyenera. Ndiyeno pitani kuntchito yamagalimoto kuti mudziwe matenda.

Pomaliza

Chiwongolero chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyendetsa galimoto. Kulephera kulikonse mu ntchito yake kumakhudza kwambiri kuyendetsa ndi kuwongolera kwa galimotoyo.

Palibe chifukwa choti musanyalanyaze zizindikiro za kusokonekera kwa chiwongolero, chifukwa izi zitha kukhala ngozi yayikulu. Si ndalama zanu zokha zomwe zili pachiwopsezo. Moyo ndi thanzi la inu ndi ena ogwiritsa ntchito misewu zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo.