Kuphonya mwayi SEPTEMBER'39. Mkangano wa wolemba

M'magazini ya September-October ya magazini "Wojsko i Technika - Historia" "kuwunika" kwa Dr. Edward Malak "Mwayi wosowa SEPTEMBER'39" inasindikizidwa. Chifukwa cha zomwe zili ndi chikhalidwe chake, ndinakakamizika kuyankha.

Tiyeni tiyang'ane nazo izi: ngati bukhu langa likanakhala, mwachitsanzo, lonena za kukonda agalu, owerenga anganene potengera "ndemanga" iyi kuti ili ndi buku lonena za chikondi cha amphaka.

Mungafunse chifukwa chimene ndinalembera bukuli poyamba. M'chaka chathachi, ndadzifunsapo funsoli nthawi zambiri ndipo ndikuganiza kuti sindingathe kupirira nditawerenga "Ribbentrop-Beck Pact" ndi Pyotr Zykhovich. Ndinakwiyanso pang'ono ndi kufalitsidwa kwa Zemovit Shcherek "The Victorious Commonwealth". Ndinachita chidwi ndi mutu wankhani wa September m’katikati mwa ma 1939 ndipo, pokhala munthu wosilira mwachidwi, ndinayamba kusonkhanitsa mabuku osiyanasiyana, kuyerekezera zigawo zosiyana za chithunzithunzi chofanana. Mwamsanga kwambiri ndinazindikira kusiyana, mtundu wina wa kusagwirizana pakati pa ntchitozi. Mu XNUMX, tinali ndi oponya mabomba a Losi opambana nthawi imeneyo, koma sitinathe kuwagwiritsa ntchito. Tinali ndi mfuti zabwino kwambiri zotsutsana ndi akasinja, koma malipoti ogwiritsira ntchito bwino mu September ndi ogwirizana kwambiri ndi magulu akuluakulu ankhondo: ena adawagwiritsa ntchito bwino mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo, ena anawasiya pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba. Chifukwa chiyani? Chithunzi cha Second Polish Republic, chowonetsedwa ndi mabodza a chikomyunizimu ngati dziko lakumbuyo, losauka komanso lachikale, koma ndi gulu lankhondo lalikulu, silinali lopanda tanthauzo. Iye anali mmodzi wa amphamvu mu Europe, koma mu September German Wehrmacht mwamsanga kupirira chitetezo Polish pa mlingo njira. Potsatira chitsanzo ichi: adatimenya pamlingo wapamwamba, pomwe tinali ndi mavuto akulu ndikugonjetsa kukana kwa gawo lalikulu la Asitikali aku Poland. Chifukwa chiyani zidachitika? Zidutswa zonse za puzzleszo zimatsutsana, kotero ndidayamba kufunafuna kufotokozera. Ndipo ndinaziphatikiza m’buku langa.

Chinthu chinanso chimene chinandikakamiza kulemba chinali kunyada kwanga ku Poland, m’zipambano zazikulu za Commonwealth yachiwiri ya ku Poland-Lithuanian, imene, mwatsoka, inaonongedwa pamapeto pake, ndipo inaphimbidwa ndi chete kapena kupotozedwa m’nthawi ya chikomyunizimu. . Ikuchedwa lero. Ndiwonjeza kuti kuwunika kwa "tonse" a nthawi imeneyo sikukugwirizana kwenikweni ndi kuwunika kwa mbiri yakale. Ndipo ndimafotokoza izi nthawi zambiri mu bukhu. Komabe, ndikunong’oneza bondo kunena maganizo anga, monga akuti: “Chabwino, Dziko Lachiŵiri la Republic linali dziko m’zipambano zake, dziko la anthu anjala ya chipambano, akulota kutenga malo amene tinali nawo m’nthaŵi ya Jagiellon. Ndipo njala, mwayi, ndi luso zimayendera limodzi ndi kukulitsa mwayi wanu wopambana. Dziko lachiwiri la Republic of Poland linali “nyalugwe wa ku Asia” panthaŵiyo. Kalelo tinali ngati Singapore kapena Taiwan lerolino. Poyamba ankalandidwa mwayi uliwonse, koma m’kupita kwa nthawi, tinachita bwino kwambiri mpikisano umenewu. Panthawi ya Polish People's Republic, kuyesayesa kunapangidwa kuti athetse zomwe dziko lachiwiri la Polish Republic likuchita, kuti apange chithunzi chonyenga cha kupita patsogolo komwe kunachitika ku Poland pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ndipo sizinachitikepo. ..”* – malo ena. E. Malak, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti andinenere zondineneza kuti sindinayamikire zomwe achita mu Second Polish Republic ndipo ndimachita manyazi nazo (sic!). Pakadali pano, ndikunyadira zomwe ndapambana. Monga pambali, ndime yomweyi yakhala ikudziwika ndi olemba mbiri ena, omwe mokoma mtima (ndi moyenerera) adandikumbutsa kuti kukula kwachuma kumeneku kunayendetsedwa ndi malipiro a kutayika kwa Great Depression. Monga mukuwonera, sikutheka kusangalatsa aliyense ...

Mosapeŵeka, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha bukhuli, ndinayenera kutaya zina mwazinthu, zomwe, mwa lingaliro langa, sizinali "zobala", ndiko kuti, zokondweretsa anthu wamba. Ndicho chifukwa chake sindimaphatikizapo mfundo zazikulu, monga mayendedwe, omwe ali maziko a ntchito iliyonse yankhondo. Chifukwa chake, nkhani zoyankhulirana, zomwe zimafunikiranso pakuchita udani, zidazimiririka. Momwemonso, ndidaganiziranso nkhani yokonzekera nkhokwe za asitikali aku Poland, kapena kuwerengera mwatsatanetsatane mtengo wosunga msilikali wolembedwa. Kusakhalapo kwa nkhani iliyonse m’chofalitsa sikutanthauza kusoŵeka kwachidziŵitso pa nkhani inayake. Nthawi zina izi zikutanthauza kulowererapo kwa mkonzi. Zina mwazinthu izi zimaperekedwa nthawi zonse muzowonjezera za bukuli, lofalitsidwa pa intaneti.