Kutalika kwa braking pa liwiro la 60 km / h: phula louma ndi lonyowa
Woyendetsa galimoto aliyense amadziŵa kuti nthaŵi zambiri timapatukana ndi ngozi m’kamphindi kakang’ono chabe. Galimoto yoyenda pa liwiro linalake siingathe kuyima ikadzagunda ma brake pedal, ngakhale mutakhala ndi matayala apamwamba a Continental komanso ma brake pressure pad.
Pambuyo pa kukanikiza braking, galimotoyo imadutsabe mtunda wina, womwe umatchedwa braking kapena kuima mtunda. Choncho, mtunda woyima ndi mtunda umene galimoto imayenda kuchokera pamene mabuleki agwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ayime. Dalaivala ayenera osachepera kuwerengera mtunda woyimitsa, apo ayi limodzi la malamulo oyambira otetezeka silingachitike:
- mtunda woyimitsa uyenera kukhala wocheperapo mtunda wopita ku chopingacho.
Chabwino, apa luso monga momwe dalaivala amachitira liwiro - mwamsanga ataona chopinga ndi kukanikiza pedal, mwamsanga galimoto imayima.
Kutalika kwa mtunda wa braking kumadalira zinthu izi:
- liwiro loyenda;
- khalidwe ndi mtundu wa msewu pamwamba - yonyowa kapena youma phula, ayezi, matalala;
- momwe matayala ndi ma braking system agalimoto.
Chonde dziwani kuti parameter yotere monga kulemera kwa galimoto sikumakhudza kutalika kwa mtunda wa braking.
Njira ya braking ndiyofunikanso kwambiri:
- kukanikiza chakuthwa mpaka kuyimitsidwa kumabweretsa kugwedezeka kosalamulirika;
- kuwonjezereka kwapang'onopang'ono kwamphamvu - kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo odekha komanso owoneka bwino, osagwiritsidwa ntchito pakagwa mwadzidzidzi;
- kukanikiza kwapakatikati - dalaivala amakankhira pedal kangapo kuti ayime, galimoto imatha kulephera, koma kuyima mwachangu;
- kukanikiza masitepe - dongosolo la ABS limagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo yomweyi, dalaivala amatsekereza kwathunthu ndikutulutsa mawilo osataya kukhudzana ndi chopondapo.
Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimatsimikizira kutalika kwa mtunda woyimitsa, ndipo tidzawagwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
phula louma
Kutalika kwa braking kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yosavuta:
Kuchokera ku fizikiki, timakumbukira kuti μ ndi coefficient of friction, g ndi kuthamanga kwa kugwa kwaulere, ndipo v ndi liwiro la galimoto mu mamita pamphindi.
Tangoganizani: tikuyendetsa VAZ-2101 pa liwiro la 60 km/h. Pa mamita 60-70 tikuwona wapenshoni yemwe, kuiwala malamulo aliwonse achitetezo, adathamangira kudutsa msewu pambuyo pa minibus.
Timalowetsa deta mu fomula:
- 60 km/h = 16,7 m/mphindi;
- coefficient ya kukangana kwa asphalt youma ndi mphira ndi 0,5-0,8 (nthawi zambiri 0,7 imatengedwa);
- g = 9,8 m/s.
Timapeza zotsatira - 20,25 mamita.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti mtengo woterewu ukhoza kukhala wazinthu zabwino: mphira wabwino komanso zonse zili bwino ndi mabuleki, munaphwanya ndi makina osindikizira akuthwa ndi mawilo onse, osalowa mu skid komanso osataya mphamvu.
Mutha kuwonanso zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito fomula ina:
S \u254d Ke * V * V / (0,7 * Fc) (Ke ndiye coefficient ya braking, pamagalimoto onyamula ndi ofanana ndi imodzi; Fs ndiye coefficient yomatira ndi zokutira - XNUMX ya asphalt).
Sinthani liwiro la makilomita pa ola m'njira iyi.
Timalandira:
- (1*60*60)/(254*0,7) = 20,25 mamita.
Chifukwa chake, mtunda wa braking panjira youma ya magalimoto oyenda pa liwiro la 60 km / h, pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino, ndi osachepera 20 metres. Ndipo ndizo ndi hard braking.
Phula lonyowa, ayezi, matalala ozungulira
Podziwa coefficients adhesion pamwamba msewu, inu mosavuta kudziwa kutalika kwa braking mtunda pansi pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Zovuta:
- 0,7 - asphalt youma;
- 0,4 - phula lonyowa;
- 0,2 - chisanu chodzaza;
- 0,1 - ayi.
Kuyika izi m'mapangidwe, timapeza mfundo zotsatirazi za kutalika kwa mtunda woyimitsa pamene tikuyendetsa pa 60 km / h:
- mamita 35,4 pamtunda wonyowa;
- 70,8 - pa matalala odzaza;
- 141,6 - pa ayezi.
Ndiye kuti, pa ayezi, kutalika kwa mtunda wa braking kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi 7. Mwa njira, patsamba lathu la Vodi.su pali zolemba zamomwe mungayendetse bwino galimoto ndikuphwanya m'nyengo yozizira. Komanso, chitetezo panthawiyi chimadalira kusankha koyenera kwa matayala achisanu.
Ngati simuli wokonda mafomu, ndiye kuti paukonde mungapeze zowerengera zosavuta zoyimitsa mtunda, ma aligorivimu omwe amapangidwa panjira izi.
Kuyimitsa mtunda ndi ABS
Ntchito yaikulu ya ABS ndi kuteteza galimoto kupita ku skid wosalamulirika. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito dongosololi ndi yofanana ndi mfundo yoyendetsa galimoto - mawilo satsekedwa kwathunthu ndipo motero dalaivala amakhalabe ndi mphamvu yoyendetsa galimoto.
Mayesero ambiri akuwonetsa kuti mtunda wa braking ndi wamfupi ndi ABS ndi:
- phula louma;
- phula lonyowa;
- miyala yokulungidwa;
- pa pepala la pulasitiki.
Pa chipale chofewa, ayezi, kapena dothi lamatope ndi dongo, kugwira ntchito kwa braking ndi ABS kumachepetsedwa. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, dalaivala amatha kuwongolera. Komanso Dziwani kuti kutalika kwa braking mtunda makamaka zimadalira zoikamo ABS ndi kukhalapo kwa EBD - dongosolo ananyema mphamvu yogawa).
Mwachidule, kuti muli ndi ABS sikukupatsani mwayi m'nyengo yozizira. Kutalika kwa braking mtunda ukhoza kukhala 15-30 mamita yaitali, koma ndiye musataye kulamulira galimoto ndipo si kupatuka njira yake. Ndipo pa ayezi, izi zikutanthauza zambiri.
Mtunda woyimitsa njinga yamoto
Kuphunzira kutsika bwino pa njinga yamoto si ntchito yophweka. Mutha kuphwanya kutsogolo, kumbuyo kapena mawilo onse nthawi imodzi, ma braking a injini kapena skidding amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ngati muchepetse molakwika pa liwiro lalikulu, mutha kutaya bwino mosavuta.
Kutalika kwa braking kwa njinga yamoto kumawerengedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe tafotokozazi ndipo ndi 60 km / h:
- phula louma - 23-32 mamita;
- chonyowa - 35-47;
- chisanu, matope - 70-94;
- ayezi wakuda - 94-128 mamita.
Nambala yachiwiri ndi skid braking mtunda.
Dalaivala aliyense kapena woyendetsa njinga yamoto ayenera kudziwa pafupifupi mtunda woyima wagalimoto yawo pama liwiro osiyanasiyana. Polembetsa ngozi, apolisi apamsewu amatha kudziwa liwiro lomwe galimotoyo idayenda mozungulira kutalika kwa skid.
Tikutsegula...
