Ma cell amafuta m'magalimoto onyamula anthu ndi opindulitsa kale?
Zamkatimu
Mpaka posachedwapa, teknoloji yamagetsi yamagetsi inalipo pa ntchito zopanda malonda. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, pamaulendo apamlengalenga, ndipo mtengo waukulu wopangira mphamvu 1 kW sikunaphatikizepo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pamlingo wokulirapo. Komabe, zopangidwa, zopangidwa ndi William Grove, pamapeto pake zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Werengani za ma cell a haidrojeni ndikuwona ngati mungathe kugula galimoto yokhala ndi paketi yamagetsi yotere!
Kodi mafuta cell ndi chiyani?
Ndi seti ya maelekitirodi awiri (negative anode ndi zabwino cathode) olekanitsidwa ndi nembanemba polima. Maselo ayenera kupanga magetsi kuchokera kumafuta omwe amaperekedwa kwa iwo. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti, mosiyana ndi maselo amtundu wa batri, safunikira kuperekedwa ndi magetsi pasadakhale, ndipo selo lamafuta palokha silifuna kulipiritsa. Mfundo ndikupereka mafuta, omwe mu zipangizo zomwe zikukambidwa zimakhala ndi haidrojeni ndi mpweya.
Ma cell amafuta - Kupanga Kwadongosolo
Magalimoto amafuta amafunikira matanki a haidrojeni. Ndi kuchokera kwa iwo kuti chinthu ichi chimalowa mu electrodes, kumene magetsi amapangidwa. Dongosololi nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi gawo lapakati ndi chosinthira. Imatembenuza magetsi olunjika kukhala alternating current, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatsa mphamvu injini yamagetsi. Ndi iye yemwe ali mtima wa galimotoyo, akukoka mphamvu zake kuchokera kumagulu amakono.
Mafuta maselo ndi mfundo ntchito
Kuti selo lamafuta lipange magetsi, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu. Kuti achite izi, mamolekyu a haidrojeni ndi okosijeni ochokera mumlengalenga amaperekedwa ku ma elekitirodi. Hydrojeni yoperekedwa ku anode ndiyomwe imapangitsa kuti ma electron ndi ma protoni apangidwe. Oxygen yochokera mumlengalenga imalowa mu cathode ndikuchita ndi ma electron. Semi-permeable polymer nembanemba imapereka ma protoni abwino a haidrojeni ku cathode. Kumeneko amaphatikizana ndi anions of oxides, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi apangidwe. Kumbali inayi, ma elekitironi omwe amapezeka pa anode amadutsa mudera lamagetsi kuti apange magetsi.
Mafuta cell - ntchito
Kunja kwa mafakitale amagalimoto, cell cell imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lamagetsi m'malo opanda mwayi wopita ku mains. Kuphatikiza apo, maselo amtunduwu amagwira ntchito bwino m'sitima zapamadzi kapena malo okwerera mlengalenga komwe kulibe mpweya wamlengalenga. Kuphatikiza apo, ma cell amafuta amapangira ma loboti am'manja, zida zam'nyumba ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Ma cell amafuta - zabwino ndi zoyipa zaukadaulo
Ubwino wa mafuta cell ndi chiyani? Amapereka mphamvu zoyera popanda kuwononga chilengedwe. Zomwe zimapanga magetsi ndi madzi (nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati nthunzi). Kuphatikiza apo, pakachitika ngozi, mwachitsanzo, pakuphulika kapena kutsegula thanki, haidrojeni, chifukwa cha misa yake yaying'ono, imathawa molunjika ndikuwotcha pamoto wopapatiza. Mafuta a cell amakhalanso odziwika bwino chifukwa amakwaniritsa zotsatira za 40-60%. Uwu ndi mulingo wosatheka kuzipinda zoyaka, ndipo tiyeni tikumbukire kuti magawowa amatha kuwongoleredwa.
Hydrogen element ndi kuipa kwake
Tsopano mawu ochepa za zofooka za yankho ili. Hydrogen ndiye chinthu chochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma chimapanga zosakaniza ndi zinthu zina mosavuta. Sizophweka kuzipeza mu mawonekedwe ake oyera ndipo zimafuna njira yapadera yamakono. Ndipo iyi (makamaka pano) ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri. Zikafika pa cell yamafuta a hydrogen, mtengo wake, mwatsoka, siwolimbikitsa. Mutha kuyendetsa 1 kilomita ngakhale nthawi 5-6 kuposa galimoto yamagetsi. Vuto lachiwiri ndi kusowa kwa zomangamanga za hydrogen refueling.
Magalimoto amtundu wamafuta - zitsanzo
Ponena za magalimoto, apa pali zitsanzo zingapo zomwe zimayendetsa bwino mafuta amafuta. Imodzi mwa magalimoto otchuka kwambiri amafuta ndi Toyota Mirai. Ichi ndi makina omwe ali ndi akasinja omwe amatha kupitirira malita 140. Ili ndi mabatire owonjezera kuti asunge mphamvu pakuyendetsa momasuka. Wopanga amati mtundu wa Toyota uwu ukhoza kuyenda makilomita 700 pa siteshoni imodzi yamafuta. Mirai ali ndi mphamvu ya 182 hp.
Magalimoto ena amafuta omwe amafunikira kuti apange magetsi ndi awa:
- Lexus LF-FC;
- Honda FCX Kumveka;
- Nissan X-Trail FCV (galimoto yama cell amafuta);
- Toyota FCHV (mafuta cell hybrid galimoto);
- mafuta cell Hyundai ix35;
- Basi yamagetsi yama cell a Ursus City Smile.
Kodi selo ya haidrojeni ili ndi mwayi wodziwonetsera yokha mumsika wamagalimoto? Ukadaulo wopangira magetsi kuchokera ku ma cell amafuta sizachilendo. Komabe, ndizovuta kufalitsa pakati pa magalimoto okwera popanda njira yotsika mtengo yaukadaulo yopezera haidrojeni yoyera. Ngakhale magalimoto amafuta atagulitsidwa kwa anthu wamba, amatha kutsalira m'mbuyo potengera mtengo wake kwa woyendetsa wamba. Choncho, magalimoto amagetsi achikhalidwe akuwoneka kuti ndi njira yosangalatsa kwambiri.
