Zobisika za kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini

    Zambiri zanenedwa ndi kulembedwa kale za mafuta a injini kotero kuti zakhala chinthu chosatheka kudabwa kapena kunena zatsopano. Aliyense amadziwa zonse, komabe, pali mafunso ambiri okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Zinali zodyedwa zomwe zidadzipangira nthano zambiri monga "simungathe kuzisintha, koma onjezani zatsopano mukamagwiritsa ntchito" kapena "kwada - ndi nthawi yoti musinthe." Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa nkhani zotsutsana kwambiri ndi malingaliro olakwika omwe anthu ambiri amawadziwa.

Waukulu makhalidwe a galimoto mafuta

     Mafuta onse ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri, koma wogula ayenera kukhala ndi chidwi ndi ziwiri zokha za izo: khalidwe (ngati idzakwanira galimoto) ndi kukhuthala (kaya ndi yoyenera nyengo ikubwerayi). Mayankho a mafunsowa ali mu zolembera, ndipo zazikulu ndi SAE, API, ACEA.

     SAE. Chizindikiro ichi chimatsimikizira kukhuthala kapena fluidity ya mafuta. Imasankhidwa ndi imodzi (nyengo), nthawi zambiri ndi manambala awiri (nyengo yonse). Mwachitsanzo, . Nambala isanakwane (W) yozizira ndi gawo la "dzinja", chocheperako, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyengo yachisanu. Nambala yosadziwika W - chilimwe parameter, imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa kusunga kachulukidwe panthawi yotentha. Ngati nambala ndi imodzi, ndiye kuti kukhalapo kwa chizindikiro cha W kumasonyeza kuti mafuta ndi nyengo yozizira, ngati ayi, ndi chilimwe.

     *Viscosity index sikuwonetsa kutentha komwe mafuta amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ulamuliro wa kutentha womwe umasonyezedwa polembapo ndi wofunikira panthawi yoyambira injini. Mlozera wa SAE ukuwonetsa kuthekera kwamafuta kusungitsa kukhuthala pa kutentha kwina kotero kuti pampu yamafuta a injini, panthawi yoyambira, imatha kupopera mafuta omwewo kumalo onse opaka mafuta amagetsi.

     API. Amakhala ndi chizindikiro (chilembo choyamba) cha petulo - (S) utumiki ndi dizilo - (C) injini zamalonda. Kalata kumbuyo kwa zizindikiro zonsezi zimasonyeza mlingo wa khalidwe la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini, kwa injini ya mafuta amachokera ku A mpaka J, kwa injini za dizilo - kuchokera ku A mpaka F (G). Kutsika kwa zilembo kuchokera ku A, kumakhala bwinoko. Nambala 2 kapena 4 kuseri kwa mayina amatanthauza kuti mafuta cholinga injini awiri ndi anayi sitiroko motero.

     Mafuta a Universal ali ndi zovomerezeka zonse, mwachitsanzo SG/CD. Mafotokozedwe omwe amabwera koyamba akuwonetsa zomwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito, i.e. SG / CD - "mafuta ochulukirapo", CD / SG - "dizilo wambiri". Kukhalapo kwa zilembo za EU pambuyo pa kutchulidwa kwa mafuta a API kumatanthauza Kusunga Mphamvu, ndiko kuti, kupulumutsa mphamvu. Nambala yachiroma I imasonyeza chuma chamafuta osachepera 1,5%; II - osachepera 2,5; III - osachepera 3%.

     ACEA. Ichi ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Iwo ali magulu atatu: A - kwa injini mafuta, B - kwa injini dizilo magalimoto ndi E - kwa injini dizilo magalimoto. Nambala kumbuyo kwa gulu limasonyeza mlingo wa khalidwe. Nambala ikakwera, injiniyo imatha kugwira ntchito ndi mafuta awa movutikira.

     Mafuta ena amagawidwa malinga ndi momwe akupangidwira zopangidwa, semisynthetic и mchere. Mchere amathira okosijeni mwachangu ndikutaya mawonekedwe awo oyambira. Zopangidwa ndizomwe zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kutentha ndipo zimasunga katundu wawo kwa nthawi yaitali.

     Kusankha mafuta oyenera a galimoto kudzadalira makamaka malingaliro a zomera. Galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi mafuta ake oyaka mkati, ndipo mawonekedwe ake adzalembedwa m'buku lagalimoto kapena patsamba la wopanga. M'mabuku omwewo, nthawi zosintha mafuta zimayikidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti zisinthidwe molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga (makamaka pafupifupi 10 km.).

Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta

Ngati mafuta adetsedwa, kodi amafunika kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo, mosasamala kanthu za mtunda woyenda?

     Ayi, malinga ndi muyeso uwu, sikoyenera kusintha. Mafuta agalimoto ndi mtundu wosakanikirana wa maziko (mineral, synthetic kapena semisynthetic) ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatsimikizira momwe mafutawo amagwirira ntchito. Ndipo zowonjezera izi zimasungunula zinthu zakupsa kosakwanira kwamafuta, kusunga injini yaukhondo ndikuyiteteza ku kuipitsidwa, komwe mafutawo amadetsedwa.

     Pankhani iyi, muyenera kutsatira nthawi zomwe wopanga galimoto yanu amavomereza. Ngati magalimoto okwera amitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi yosinthira mafuta imatha kukhala yofanana, ndiye kuti pamagalimoto amalonda, ma frequency ayenera kuwerengedwa poganizira momwe amagwirira ntchito.

Nyengo zonse ndi zabwino kwambiri?

     Kunena zoona, zonse sizili choncho. Mafuta a injini opangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito chaka chonse amatsimikizira kuyambitsa bwino kwa injini, m'nyengo yozizira komanso m'chilimwe. Choncho, ambiri oyendetsa galimoto amakonda mtundu uwu wa lubricant.

Mafuta sangasinthidwe, koma kuwonjezeredwa ngati pakufunika?

     Pa ntchito, mitundu yonse ya madipoziti ndi mwaye pang`onopang`ono kudziunjikira mu mafuta. Ngati sichinasinthidwe, koma kungowonjezera, ndiye kuti zinthu zonse zoyaka moto sizidzachotsedwa padongosolo. Zotsatira zake, mapangidwe a madipoziti amathandizira kuvala ndikuchepetsa kwambiri moyo wa injini. Choncho, m'pofunika kuti musawonjezere, koma kusintha mafuta malinga ndi malingaliro a wopanga.

     Nthano imeneyi ndi yolondola pamene injini ili ndi kuvala kwakukulu kwa gulu la pistoni ndipo imadya mafuta ambiri. Ndiye zikhoza ndipo ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto.

Mutha kusakaniza ngati...

     Zinthu zosayembekezereka zachitika. Chitsanzo: Pamsewu wautali, nyali yamafuta idayaka mwadzidzidzi ndipo pamafunika kudzazidwa mwachangu. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito yomwe ikubwera.

     Komanso, mafuta amatha kusakanikirana akasintha mtundu wina wamafuta. Mukasintha madzi mu mota ndi sump, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakale kudzakhalabe, ndipo kudzaza chatsopano sikungabweretse zotsatira zoyipa.

Kodi ndizotheka kapena ndizotheka kusakaniza mafuta amitundu yosiyanasiyana?

     Mafuta opangira akasakanizidwa ndi semi-synthetic kapena mineral oils, zosafunika zamafuta zimatha kuchitika: mafutawo amangopindika ndikutaya phindu lake. Izi zidzasokoneza magwiridwe antchito ndi kulimba kwa injini, ndipo zidzapangitsa kuwonongeka kwake.

     Kuyesera ndi kusakaniza mafuta a viscosities osiyanasiyana kumaloledwa pokhapokha ngati zinthuzo zikusiyana pang'ono ndi katundu. Ngakhale mkati mwa mzere wa mtundu umodzi, zolembazo zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Munthawi yadzidzidzi, mutha kuwonjezera zinthu zamtundu ku injini yomwe mafuta adagwiritsidwapo kale. Koma sayenera kusakaniza chisanu ndi chilimwe formulations, osiyana kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, 20W-50.

     Kuti musalole kuti galimoto yanu ikhale pansi, mvetserani kwambiri malingaliro a akatswiri kusiyana ndi mphekesera ndi zongopeka. Pali tsankho zambiri, ndipo injini yagalimoto yanu ili m'kope limodzi, ndipo ndibwino kuti musayesere.