Pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri: ndi chiyani mgalimoto? Dizilo ndi Petroli
M'zolemba patsamba la Vodi.su, timagwiritsa ntchito zidule zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, m'nkhani yaposachedwa yokhudzana ndi lamba wanthawi, tidati lamba wa alternator amatulutsa kasinthasintha kuchokera ku crankshaft kupita kumagulu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza pampu ya jakisoni. Kodi chobisika pansi pa chidulechi nchiyani?
Malembowa amatanthauza: pampu yothamanga kwambiri yamafuta, gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limayikidwa pafupifupi magalimoto onse amakono. Poyamba, inkagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi opangira mafuta a dizilo. Mpaka pano, imatha kupezekanso m'mainjini amafuta omwe ali ndi mtundu wogawidwa wa jakisoni.
Chifukwa chiyani TNVD ikufunika?
Ngati muyang'ana mbiri ya makampani oyendetsa galimoto, mukhoza kuona kuti carburetor inali yoyamba kugawa mafuta pazitsulo. Koma kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 80s m'ma XX, machitidwe a jakisoni adayamba kuyichotsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti carburetor ili ndi drawback imodzi yofunika kwambiri - ndi chithandizo chake sizingatheke kupereka magawo omveka bwino a mafuta osakaniza mpweya mu zipinda zoyaka moto za pistoni, chifukwa chake kuthamanga kunali kwakukulu.
Injector imapereka chithandizo chosakanikirana cha munthu aliyense pa silinda. Chifukwa cha izi, magalimoto adayamba kuwononga mafuta ochepa. Izi zinatheka chifukwa cha kufala kwa mapampu amafuta othamanga kwambiri. Kuchokera apa timafika pamapeto kuti cholinga chachikulu cha pompu yamafuta ndikupereka magawo ofunikira amisonkhano yamafuta kumasilinda. Ndipo popeza pampu iyi imalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi crankshaft, liwiro likatsika, kuchuluka kwa gawo kumachepa, ndipo kufulumizitsa, m'malo mwake, kumawonjezeka.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi chida
Chipangizocho chikhoza kuwoneka chovuta poyang'ana koyamba:
- Plunger awiriawiri wopangidwa plunger (pistoni) ndi yamphamvu (zanja);
- mafuta amaperekedwa kwa gulu lirilonse la plunger kudzera mu ngalande;
- cam shaft yokhala ndi centrifugal clutch - imazungulira kuchokera pa lamba wanthawi;
- plunger pushers - amapanikizidwa ndi makamera a shaft;
- akasupe obwerera - bweretsani plunger pamalo ake oyambirira;
- ma valve operekera, zopangira;
- zida zopangira zida ndi chowongolera chamitundu yonse chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi chopondapo gasi.
Ichi ndi chithumwa, kufotokozera kosavuta kwa mpope wa jakisoni wamzere. Podziwa chipangizochi, sikovuta kulingalira momwe dongosolo lonseli limagwirira ntchito: shaft ya cam imazungulira, makamera ake amakankhira pa plunger pushers. Plunger amakweza silinda. Kupanikizika kumakwera, komwe kumatsegula valavu yobweretsera ndipo mafuta amayenda kudzera mwa jekeseni.
Kuti kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kugwirizane ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito injini, zida zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa plunger, osati mafuta onse osakaniza amapita ku majekeseni, koma gawo lokhalo, pamene ena onse amachoka kudzera muzitsulo zotayira. The centrifugal jakisoni zowakira patsogolo ntchito kupereka mafuta kwa majekeseni pa nthawi yeniyeni. Chowongolera chamitundu yonse chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito, cholumikizidwa kupyolera mu kasupe kupita ku gasi pedal. Mukaponda pa gasi, mafuta ochulukirapo amalowetsedwa m'masilinda. Ngati mugwira pedal mokhazikika kapena kumasula, kuchuluka kwa osakaniza kumachepa.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti m'magalimoto amakono, zosintha zonse sizimapangidwa pamakina kuchokera pa pedal, ma voliyumu a jakisoni amayang'aniridwa ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi masensa osiyanasiyana. Ngati, mwachitsanzo, muyenera kufulumizitsa, zikhumbo zofananira zimatumizidwa kwa ma actuators, ndipo mafuta ochulukirapo amalowa m'masilinda.
Mitundu
Mutuwu ndi waukulu kwambiri. Pamwambapa, tidafotokozera mtundu wosavuta wapamzere wa mpope wa jakisoni. Makampani opanga magalimoto sayima ndipo masiku ano mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapampu othamanga kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
- kugawa - kukhala ndi plunger imodzi kapena ziwiri zoperekera kusakaniza kwa njanji yamafuta, pali awiriawiri ocheperako kuposa ma silinda mu injini;
- Common Rail - chachikulu-mtundu dongosolo ofanana mfundo kugawa jekeseni mapampu, koma amasiyana mu chipangizo zovuta kwambiri ndi kuthamanga mkulu mafuta;
- Pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri yokhala ndi hydraulic accumulator - TVS imalowa mu hydraulic accumulator kuchokera pampopu, kenako imapopera kudzera m'mphuno kudzera m'masilinda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ndi mapampu wamba a jakisoni wamzere omwe amadziwika kuti ndi odalirika komanso olimba. Komanso, machitidwe amtundu wa Common Rail amasiyanitsidwa ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri komanso zofunika kwambiri pamtundu wamafuta a dizilo. Mapampu othamanga kwambiri okhala ndi hydraulic accumulator sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri konse.
Inde, chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito majekeseni okhala ndi ma valve a solenoid mumayendedwe a njanji wamba omwe amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mapulogalamu ovuta, injini zoterezi ndizopanda ndalama. Ma injini dizilo amtundu uwu amadya malita 3-4 a dizilo ngakhale mumzinda.
Koma kukonza ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri:
- matenda nthawi zonse;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta okwera mtengo opangidwa ndi wopanga;
- ngati pali ngakhale tinthu tating'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi ma abrasives mumafuta, ndiye kuti magawo olondola ndi ma plunger awiriwa adzalephera mwachangu.
Chifukwa chake, timalimbikitsa kuwonjezera mafuta pamagetsi amafuta otsimikiziridwa ndi dizilo apamwamba ngati muli ndi galimoto yokhala ndi Common Rail system.
Tikutsegula...
