Mitundu ya ma drive ndi ma wheel drive system

Masiku ano palibe woyendetsa galimoto woteroyo kapena ngakhale woyendetsa novice yemwe sangamvetse kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu yoyendetsa galimoto. Chofunikira pakuzindikira kuyendetsa pagalimoto ndi chosavuta komanso chomveka bwino: kuti galimoto iyambe kuyenda, torque ya injini iyenera kusamutsidwa kumawilo. Ndi mawilo angati adzalandira torque ndipo ndi ekseli (kumbuyo, kutsogolo kapena zonse ziwiri) zimatengera mtundu wagalimoto.

Kumbuyo kuyendetsa

Pankhani ya gudumu lakumbuyo, torque imatumizidwa ku mawilo omwe ali pamtunda wakumbuyo wagalimoto. Mpaka pano, mfundo iyi ya chipangizocho imatengedwa kuti ndiyofala kwambiri. Magalimoto oyamba oyendetsa kumbuyo adatuluka m'zaka za m'ma 1930, ndipo mpaka lero mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto okwera mtengo komanso kupanga magalimoto okwera mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, "Chevrolet Corvette 3LT 6.2" (466 ndiyamphamvu) woperekedwa mu "Favorit Motors" gulu la makampani alinso okonzeka ndi kumbuyo gudumu. Izi zimathandiza dalaivala kumva kwambiri pachimake mphamvu zonse zilipo za galimoto.

Zomwe zimayikidwa pagalimoto yamtunduwu zimatanthauzanso kugwiritsa ntchito shaft ya cardan. Shaft imakulitsa mphamvu yochokera ku zida zamagalimoto.

Magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kuthamanga. Ngakhale kuti driveshaft kumawonjezera kulemera kwa galimoto, kayendedwe ka mawilo kumbuyo wogawana amagawa kulemera.

M'makampani oyendetsa magalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito gudumu lakumbuyo, mitundu inayi ya masanjidwe a gawo loyendetsa magalimoto imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Choyamba, ndi kutsogolo kwa injini yakumbuyo-gudumu yoyendetsa, yomwe imatchedwanso "classic". Injini yokha m'magalimoto oterowo ili kutsogolo (pansi pa hood), koma pakati pa misa yake iyenera kuwerengedwa molondola momwe mungathere kuti kutengera mphamvu kumawilo akumbuyo kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri. Kukonzekera kwa injini yakutsogolo ndiye njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukonzekeretsa magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo.
• Kachiwiri, kutsogolo kwapakati pa injini yakumbuyo yamagudumu kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwanso mu mtundu wa "classic" wa malo a injini. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, unit mphamvu ili m'dera la gudumu kutsogolo. Masiku ano, mfundo iyi ya kakonzedwe ka injini pamagalimoto oyendetsa magudumu akumbuyo imapezeka kokha mumitundu yothamanga kuti muchepetse katundu pa ekisi yakutsogolo.
• Chachitatu, kumbuyo kwapakati pa injini yama gudumu yakumbuyo. Galimoto ili mwachindunji pa chitsulo cham'mbuyo kumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito kulemera kwa galimoto kuti awonjezere ntchito zake zogwira mtima.
• Chachinayi, mawonekedwe a kumbuyo kwa magudumu oyendetsa galimoto ndi njira yabwino pamene gawo lamagetsi palokha, komanso zitsulo zotumizira ndi kuyendetsa galimoto, zili kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo. Masiku ano, mtundu uwu wa makonzedwe a injini angapezeke mwa opanga ena, makamaka Volkswagen.

Ubwino wagalimoto yoyendetsa kumbuyo

Magalimoto okhala ndi kachipangizo kosinthira torque yakumbuyo ali ndi maubwino ambiri pakuwongolera ndi kusinthasintha:

• kusowa kwa kugwedezeka kwa thupi panthawi yosuntha (izi zimatheka chifukwa cha dongosolo lotalikirapo la mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe imakhala yokhazikika pa "mapilo");
• utali wocheperako wokhotakhota, womwe umakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mwaluso galimoto pamalo oimika magalimoto otanganidwa kwambiri mumzinda kapena m'misewu yopapatiza (mawilo akutsogolo amangoyika komwe akuyenda, kusuntha komweko kumachitidwa ndi gulu lakumbuyo);
• kuchita bwino mathamangitsidwe.

Kuipa kwa galimoto yoyendetsa kumbuyo

Monga makina ena aliwonse, ma wheel wheel drive alinso ndi zovuta zake:

• kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kumafuna shaft ya cardan, ndipo mapangidwe ake salola kugwiritsa ntchito zotheka zonse popanda kukhalapo kwa tunnel yapadera. M'malo mwake, mikwingwirima ya cardan imakhala malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa malo mu kanyumba;
• kutsika kwapamsewu, kugwedezeka pafupipafupi kumatheka.

Gudumu loyenda kutsogolo

Front wheel drive imatengedwa kuti ndi yosiyana ndi gudumu lakumbuyo. Pankhaniyi, torque imafalikira ku mawilo akutsogolo okha, ndikupangitsa kuti azizungulira. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mfundo yotereyi yoyendetsa galimoto inayambitsidwa mu 1929.

Ubwino wa galimoto kutsogolo amalola kuti ntchito kwambiri pa magalimoto mu gawo bajeti (mwachitsanzo, "Renault Logan). Komabe, magalimoto amalonda okhala ndi magudumu akutsogolo (Citroen Jumper) amathanso kugulidwa ku Favorit Motors Group of Companies.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto yakutsogolo ndikulumikizana kwathunthu kwa makina otumizira ma torque ndi chipangizo chowongolera makinawo. Kuphatikiza uku, kumbali imodzi, kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyendetsa galimoto yokha, ndipo kumbali inayo, kumapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yovuta.

M'makampani oyendetsa magalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito magudumu akutsogolo, mfundo za malo amagetsi ndi gearbox ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momveka bwino kuti kuwongolera sikulepheretse chilichonse:

• Choyamba, njira yayikulu imatchedwa masanjidwe otsatizana (ndiko kuti, injini ndi bokosi la gear zimayikidwa chimodzi pambuyo pa chimzake panjira yomweyo);
• Kachiwiri, dongosolo lofanana ndilotheka, pamene gawo la mphamvu ndi kufalitsa zimayikidwa pamtunda womwewo, koma mofanana;
• Chachitatu, zomwe zimatchedwanso "pansi" zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito - ndiko kuti, galimotoyo ili pamwamba pa cheke.

Ubwino wagalimoto yakutsogolo

Magalimoto okhala ndi magudumu akutsogolo amaonedwa kuti ndi okwera mtengo, chifukwa kupanga kwawo sikumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zothandizira (monga ma driveshaft ndi tunnel). Komabe, mtengo wotsika si mwayi wokha wa magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo:

• mphamvu yabwino yamkati (chifukwa cha kusowa kwa cardan shaft);
• luso labwino lodutsa m'dziko ngakhale m'malo opanda msewu;
• kutha kulamulira pa ayezi popanda kudumpha.

Zoyipa zagalimoto yakutsogolo

Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka galimoto, dalaivala amawona zovuta izi pakuyendetsa:

• kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa thupi poyendetsa galimoto;
• utali wokhotakhota waukulu, monga hinge pamawilo imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi chiwongolero;
• mtengo wokwera wa ntchito yokonza, popeza padzakhala kofunikira kusintha zigawo osati pa chipangizo choyendetsa kutsogolo, komanso chiwongolero.

Magudumu anayi

All-wheel drive ndi chida chapadera chotumizira magalimoto omwe amakupatsani mwayi wotumizira ma torque ku ma axles onse nthawi imodzi. Pamenepa, nthawi zambiri mawilo awiri amalandira mphamvu yofanana yoyenda.

Poyamba, magalimoto okhala ndi magudumu onse ankaonedwa ngati magalimoto amtundu uliwonse, koma pambuyo pake, m'ma 1980, zochitika zazikulu za nkhawa zazikulu zinachititsa kuti adziwe mfundo ya 4WD kwa magalimoto, zomwe zinawonjezera luso lawo lodutsa dziko popanda. kupereka chitonthozo. Pakali pano, imodzi mwa machitidwe opambana kwambiri oyendetsa magudumu amatha kutchedwa AWD (Volvo) ndi 4Motion (Volkswagen). Magalimoto atsopano okhala ndi chipangizo chotere amakhala nthawi zonse ku Favorit Motors.

Kukula kosalekeza pankhani ya ma wheel drive kwapangitsa kuti pakhale zotheka kusankha njira zinayi zazikuluzikulu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi:

• Pulagi-mu 4WD (kupanda kutero: Nthawi Yanthawi). Iyi ndiye njira yosavuta komanso nthawi yomweyo yodalirika yoyendetsera magudumu onse. Chofunika kwambiri cha ntchito yake chagona chakuti pa ntchito yachibadwa ya galimoto, nkhwangwa imodzi yokha imagwira ntchito. Pakachitika kusintha kwa misewu (dothi, maenje, ayezi, ndi zina zotero), kuyendetsa magudumu onse kumatsegulidwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwambiri pakati pa ma axles awiri oyendetsa galimoto, zomwe zimatchedwa "kuzungulira mphamvu" zimatha kuchitika, zomwe zimakhudza kuvala kwamphamvu kwa zinthu ndi kutaya kwa torque.
• 4WD Yokhazikika (apo ayi Nthawi Zonse). Magalimoto olumikizidwa ku magudumu onse motere nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito magudumu onse anayi ngati magudumu oyendetsa. Kawirikawiri Nthawi Yonse imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi losiyana, lomwe limayang'anira kupereka kwa torque kumawilo malingana ndi momwe msewu ulili.
• 4WD Yokhazikika Pakufunika (kupanda kutero: Pa-Demand Full-Time). Pachimake, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ya magudumu onse, koma kugwirizana kumangochitika zokha. Kawirikawiri, nkhwangwa imodzi (nthawi zambiri kutsogolo) imagwirizanitsidwa kwamuyaya ndi 4WD, ndipo yachiwiri imagwirizanitsidwa pang'ono, yomwe imalola kuti musagwiritse ntchito ma axles awiri pamtunda wabwino, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kupanga kugwirizana.
• Multi-mode 4WD (kupanda kutero: Zosankhika). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yaposachedwa. Kuyendetsa magudumu anayi kumatha kukhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito ndikusinthidwa ndi dalaivala yekha komanso ndi makina, kutengera momwe msewu uliri.

Magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu anayi amatha kukhala ndi zosankha zitatu:

• Choyamba, dongosolo tingachipeze powerenga mphamvu unit ndi gearbox - dongosolo propulsion lili pansi pa hood, pamodzi ndi kufala, ndipo anaika longitudinally. The makokedwe mu nkhani iyi imafalitsidwa kudzera cardan.
• Kachiwiri, ndizotheka kupanga masanjidwewo potengera magudumu akutsogolo. Ndiko kuti, dongosolo la 4 WD limayikidwa pa galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo, yomwe imalola kuti nkhwangwa yakumbuyo igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wothandizira. Injini ndi gearbox zili kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo.
• Chachitatu, ndikuyika kumbuyo kwa gawo lamagetsi. Injini ndi kufala zili pa mawilo awiri kumbuyo, pamene galimoto yaikulu imagweranso pa chitsulo cholumikizira kumbuyo. Mbali yakutsogolo imalumikizidwa pamanja komanso zokha.

Ubwino wagalimoto yamagudumu onse

Kumene, ubwino waukulu magalimoto ndi dongosolo 4WD ndi luso lawolo kudutsa dziko. Kugonjetsa kwapamsewu ndikosavuta, chifukwa cha kugawa koyenera kwa mphamvu ya injini pa ekisi iliyonse ndi gudumu padera. Kuphatikiza apo, ma wheel drive ali ndi maubwino ena angapo:

• kukhazikika kwa kayendetsedwe kake (ngakhale pakona komanso pa liwiro lalikulu, galimoto sidzapita ku skid);
• palibe kutsetsereka;
• kuthekera konyamula ma trailer olemera pamsewu uliwonse.

Kuipa kwa galimoto yokhala ndi mawilo onse

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumakhudza, choyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta:

• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri;
• chifukwa cha zovuta za chipangizocho, kukonzanso kumayamikiridwa kwambiri;
• phokoso ndi kugwedezeka mu kanyumba.

Zotsatira

Posankha galimoto nokha, ndi bwino kuwunika osati deta yake yakunja ndi luso lamakono, komanso momwe idzagwiritsire ntchito. Mukamayenda mozungulira mzindawo, palibe chifukwa cholipirira 4 WD mukamadutsa ndi galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo.

M'pofunikanso kukumbukira mtengo wokonza galimoto. Pakachitika cholakwika chilichonse kapena kuwonongeka, ndikofunikira osati kukhala ndi ndalama zowonjezera kukonzanso, komanso kudziwa komwe mungatembenukire. Favorit Motors imapereka kusintha kwaukadaulo ndikukonza mitundu yonse yamagalimoto pamitengo yotsika mtengo.

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