Mayeso a brake pad - ntchito yawo imatsimikiziridwa bwanji?
Zamkatimu
Chitetezo cha dalaivala ndi okwera zimatengera kudalirika komanso kudalirika kwa machitidwe ambiri agalimoto ndipo, choyamba, pama brake system. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimatsimikizira mphamvu ya ntchito yake ndi mtundu wa ma brake pads.
Zamkatimu
- 1 Zofunikira pakusankha ma brake pads
- 2 Kusankha mapadi molingana ndi mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito
- 3 Momwe mungayesere mapepala oyendetsa
- 4 Zotsatira zoyeserera zamapadi kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana
- 5 Zotsatira za kuyezetsa ma laboratory
Zofunikira pakusankha ma brake pads
Ubwino wa ma brake pads umatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi omwe amapanga. Choncho, musanagule (mosasamala kanthu za magalimoto otani - magalimoto apanyumba kapena akunja), muyenera kumvetsera mbali zotsatirazi za chisankho.
Chiyambi cha mankhwala ndi choyamba cha iwo. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Si chinsinsi kuti msika wa zida zamagalimoto wadzaza ndi zabodza zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kusiyana kwina pakati pa zinthu zopangidwa ndi wopanga yemweyo: msika umapereka zida zosinthira zoyambirira zomwe zimapangidwira pamzere wapamsonkhano womwe magalimoto amasonkhanitsidwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pali zida zosinthira zoyambirira zomwe zimapangidwa mwachindunji kuti zigulidwe pagulu. ndi retail network.
Ndizosamveka kulingalira mapepala omwe amapangidwira oyendetsa, chifukwa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso osowa kwambiri pamsika - chigawo cha kuchuluka kwake mu chiwerengero chonse cha mankhwalawa, monga lamulo, sichidutsa 10%. Zogulitsa zoyambirira zimapezeka nthawi zambiri, ndipo mtengo wake ndi 30-70% ya mtengo wotumizira. Palinso mapepala omwe ali otsika kwambiri mumtundu wapachiyambi, koma amapangidwa pafakitale imodzi pamodzi nawo. Zogulitsazi zimayang'aniridwa ndi ogula osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ochokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene. Mtengo wa mapepala awa ndi 20-30% ya mtengo wapachiyambi.
Kusankha mapadi molingana ndi mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito
Chotsatira chotsatira pakusankha pad ndikuchita. Pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zosinthira izi pagalimoto, mphindi iyi ndiyofunikira kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, izi ndizochitika payekha, chifukwa madalaivala akadali osiyana ndipo, motero, kayendetsedwe kawo kamakhala kosiyana. Choncho, mu nkhani iyi, sikofunikiranso amene amayendetsa galimoto, chinthu chachikulu ndi mmene amachitira izo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake opanga ma pad, monga lamulo, paziwonetsero za chinthu chawo chatsopano kapena mafotokozedwe ake, amapereka malingaliro oyenera okhudza kusankha kwa mtundu umodzi kapena wina. Pali mapepala omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti:
- madalaivala omwe njira yawo yayikulu yoyendetsera ndi yamasewera;
- kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto pafupipafupi m'madera amapiri;
- ntchito yapakatikati ya makinawo mumzindawo.
Asanapereke malingaliro otere, opanga amayesa kuyesa, pamaziko omwe pamapeto pake amapangidwa pakuchita kwa mapadi.
Kuti mumvetse mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kuti agulitse, muyenera kumvetsera kwambiri ma CD ake. Pothana ndi vutoli, muyenera kudalira diso lanu lakuthwa kapena kusankha gawo lopuma limodzi ndi katswiri (mbuye) yemwe akukhudzidwa ndi kukonza galimoto yomwe muyenera kuyikapo ma brake pads. Posankha iwo, muyenera kulabadira dziko ndi chaka kupanga, mabaji kutsimikizira chiphaso cha mankhwala, kamangidwe ka phukusi, zolembedwa pa izo (ngakhale mizere, kalembedwe molondola, momveka bwino ndi legible kusindikiza), monga komanso kukhulupirika kwa brake pad palokha (palibe ming'alu, zotupa). , tchipisi, tchipisi tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakankhira pansi pazitsulo).
Momwe mungayesere mapepala oyendetsa
Kuti muyese mayeso ofananiza, seti iliyonse ya ma brake pads amayesedwa 4 pamayimidwe apadera. Choyamba, braking ya galimoto ikukwera mpaka 100 km / h imayesedwa. Mayesowa ndi ofunikira. Imathandiza kudziwa coefficient of friction of the disc-pad pair for cold brakes (mpaka 50 ° C). Kukwera kwa coefficient yopezedwa, kumapangitsanso magawo a frictional a block, motsatana.
Koma mabuleki akagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, nthawi zina amatha kutentha mpaka 300 ° C kapena kuposa. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa madalaivala achangu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ndi intensively braking from high speed. Kuti muwone ngati mapepala amatha kupirira ntchitoyi, kuyesa "kotentha" kumachitidwa pambuyo poyesa "kuzizira". The chimbale ndi ziyangoyango ndi usavutike mtima ndi mosalekeza braking kwa kutentha 250 ° C (kutentha kwa madigiri amawongoleredwa ndi thermocouple, amene anaikamo mwachindunji mkangano chuma cha imodzi mwa ziyangoyango). Kenako pangani kuwongolera ma braking kuchokera pa liwiro lomwelo la 100 km / h.
Chiyeso chachitatu ndi cholimba kwambiri. Panthawiyi, kubwereketsa mobwerezabwereza-cyclic kumayerekezedwa ndikuyenda pamsewu wamapiri. Mayesowa akuphatikizanso ma decelerations 50 kuchokera pa 100 km/h mpaka 50 km/h ndikupumira masekondi 45 kuti azungulire gudumu loyimira mayeso. Chotsatira cha 50 (chomaliza) braking ndichosangalatsa kwambiri - ngakhale kuzizira kwina kwa mapadi panthawi ya kupota kwa flywheel, ndi 50th braking cycle, kutentha kwa ambiri a iwo ndi 300 ° C.
Kuyesa komaliza kumatchedwanso kuyesa kuchira - kumawunikiridwa momwe ma brake pads "otenthetsera" amatha kusunga magwiridwe antchito atatha kuzirala. Kuti mudziwe, pambuyo pa mayeso a "phiri", mabuleki amakhazikika kumalo ozungulira (mayeso) kutentha, komanso mwachibadwa (osati mokakamiza). Ndiye ulamuliro braking kachiwiri ikuchitika pambuyo mathamangitsidwe kwa 100 Km/h.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso pa seti iliyonse ya pads, 4 miyeso ya friction coefficient imapezeka - imodzi pamayeso aliwonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kumapeto kwa mayeso amunthu aliyense, makulidwe a akalowa a zinthu zokangana amayezedwa - potero kusonkhanitsa zambiri za kuvala.
Zotsatira zoyeserera zamapadi kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana
Pali opanga ambiri opanga ma pads amagalimoto, ndipo mtengo wazinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi waukulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti ndi ati omwe angakhale abwino kwambiri popanda kuwayesa kapena kuwayesa. Pansipa pali zotsatira za mayeso opangidwa ndi sitolo yoyeserera ya opanga magalimoto apanyumba a AvtoVAZ ndi gawo la Center for Independent Expertise ndi magazini ya Autoreview. Tikumbukenso kuti ziyangoyango anaika pa galimoto VAZ, specifications TU 38.114297-87 ntchito, malinga ndi m'munsi malire mkangano coefficient pa siteji ya "ozizira" kuyezetsa ndi 0,33, ndi "kutentha" - 0,3. Pamapeto pa mayesero, kuvala kwa mapepala kunawerengedwa ngati peresenti.
Monga zitsanzo zomwe kuyezetsa kunachitika, mapepala ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo Russian) ndi magulu osiyanasiyana amtengo adatengedwa. Ena a iwo anayesedwa osati ndi litayamba mbadwa, komanso ndi VAZ. Zogulitsa kuchokera kwa opanga otsatirawa zayesedwa:
- Zowonjezera: DAfmi, Trans Master;
- Germany: ATE, Bosch;
- UK: Ferodo, AP Lockheed, Lucas, QH;
- Denmark: Zozungulira;
- Italy: Samko;
- Hungary: Rona;
- Russia: VATI, EZATI, Polyhedron, TIIR, STS;
- osadziwika: Best.
Zitsanzozo zinagulidwa kuchokera ku intaneti yogulitsa malonda ndipo deta pa opanga awo amatengedwa kuchokera kumaphukusi.
Mayeso a brake pad adawulula zotsatirazi. Zoyeserera zabwino kwambiri zozizira zidachokera ku QH, Samko, ATE, Roulunds ndi Lucas. Zotsatira zawo zinali motsatira: 0,63; 0,60; 0,58; 0,55 ndi 0,53. Kuphatikiza apo, kwa ATE ndi QH, mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa kugundana sikunapezeke ndi mbadwa, koma ndi ma disks a VAZ.
Zotsatira za kuyesa kwa "hot braking" zinali zosayembekezereka. Pakuyesedwa uku, Roulunds (0,44) ndi ATE (0,47) anachita bwino. Rona waku Hungary, monga m'mayeso am'mbuyomu, adapereka gawo la 0,45.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za "phiri lamapiri", mapepala a Rona (0,44) adakhala abwino kwambiri, akupitirizabe kukhala okhazikika, komanso, zomwe ndizofunikira, zimatenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwa 230 °. C. Zogulitsa za QH zimakhala ndi 0,43 coefficient, ndipo nthawi ino ndi ma diski awoawo.
Pachiyeso chomaliza Mapepala aku Italy Samko (0,60) adadziwonetseranso bwino mu "braking utakhazikika", atakhazikika ndikukwera pamwamba pa zizindikiro za Rona pad (0,52), mankhwala abwino kwambiri anali QH (0,65).
Zotsatira za kuyezetsa ma laboratory
Malinga ndi chovala chomaliza cha pad, zinthu zosavala kwambiri zinali Bosch (1,7%) ndi Trans Master (1,5%). Zomwe zingawonekere zodabwitsa, atsogoleri a kuyesa kochitidwa anali ATE (2,7% ndi disk VAZ ndi 5,7% ndi mbadwa) ndi QH (2,9% ndi mbadwa, koma 4,0 % - ndi VAZ).
Malingana ndi mayesero a labotale, mapepala abwino kwambiri amatha kutchedwa mankhwala amtundu wa ATE ndi QH, omwe amatsatira kwathunthu muyeso waukulu wosankhidwa - chiŵerengero cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sanganyalanyaze mfundo yakuti ATE pads anagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi VAZ disk, ndi QH - ndi disk mbadwa. Best, Trans Master, Rona, Roulunds ndi STS adalengeza kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri. Zotsatira zabwino zonse zidaperekedwa ndi EZATI, VATI, kumlingo wina - DAfmi ndi Lucas. Mapepala amtundu wa Polyhedron ndi AP Lockheed anali okhumudwitsa chabe.
