Mafuta a Turbine akutuluka

Mafuta a Turbine Amatha kuwulukira pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, monga, chifukwa cha fyuluta yotsekeka ya mpweya kapena makina otengera mpweya, mafuta adayamba kuyaka kapena sanafanane ndi kutentha kwanthawi yayitali, kuphika kwa mayendedwe amafuta a ICE. Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta kwambiri ndikulephera kwamphamvu, kuvala kwakukulu kwa mayendedwe a turbine, kupanikizana kwa shaft yake, chifukwa chomwe chotsitsa sichimazungulira konse. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kutayikira kwa mafuta kuchokera ku turbine kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zosavuta kukonza, zomwe ambiri a eni magalimoto amatha kukonza okha.

Zifukwa za kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mu turbine

Musanayambe kulingalira ndendende zifukwa zomwe mafuta amatha kutuluka, m'pofunika kudziwa kuchuluka kwake kovomerezeka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti turbine iliyonse, ngakhale yogwira ntchito mokwanira, imadya mafuta. Ndipo kumwa uku kudzakhala kwakukulu, m'pamenenso injini yoyatsira mkati yokha ndi turbine idzagwira ntchito mofulumira kwambiri. Popanda kulowa mwatsatanetsatane ndondomekoyi, tisaiwale kuti pafupifupi mafuta abwinobwino injini turbocharged pafupifupi 1,5 ... 2,5 malita pa 10 zikwi makilomita. Koma ngati mtengo wofanana wothamanga wadutsa malita 3, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chifukwa choganizira za kupeza kuwonongeka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwambiri

Ngati injini yoyaka mkati ikudya mafuta, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa CPG, kuvala zipewa zamafuta kapena mpweya wotsekeka wa crankcase. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri - zizindikiro, zifukwa ndi zomwe ziyenera kuchitika Werengani zambiri

 

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zifukwa zosavuta zomwe zingachitike pamene mafuta amachotsedwa mu turbine. nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti mphete zokhoma, zomwe, zimalepheretsa mafuta kutuluka mu turbine, zimatha ndipo zimayamba kutuluka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kupanikizika kwa unit kumatsika, ndipo mafuta amadontha kuchokera ku turbine kupita kumene kulibe mphamvu, ndiko kuti, kunja. Kotero, tiyeni tipitirire ku zifukwa.

Fyuluta yotsekeka ya mpweya. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe, komabe, zingayambitse vuto lomwe likuwonetsedwa. Muyenera kuyang'ana fyuluta ndikuisintha ngati kuli kofunikira (nthawi zina, imakhala yoyeretsa, koma ndibwino kuti musayese tsogolo ndikuyika yatsopano, makamaka ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito galimoto kunja kwa msewu). M'nyengo yozizira, m'malo mwake kapena pamodzi ndi kutsekeka, nthawi zina imatha kuzizira (mwachitsanzo, mukakhala chinyezi chambiri). Zirizonse zomwe zinali, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana mkhalidwe wa fyuluta.

Bokosi losefera mpweya ndi/kapena chitoliro cholowera. Pano zinthu zilinso chimodzimodzi. Ngakhale fyuluta ya mpweya ili bwino, muyenera kuyang'ana momwe zigawozi zilili. Ngati zatsekeka, muyenera kukonza zinthuzo ndikuziyeretsa. Kukaniza kwa mpweya womwe ukubwera kuyenera kukhala kosapitilira 20 mm yamadzi pomwe injini yoyatsira mkati ikugwira ntchito (pafupifupi 2 technical atmospheres, kapena pafupifupi 200 kPa). Apo ayi, muyenera kukonzanso ndikuyeretsa dongosolo kapena zinthu zake.

Kuphwanya kulimba kwa chivundikiro cha fyuluta ya mpweya. Izi zikachitika, fumbi, mchenga ndi zinyalala zazing'ono zidzalowa mumlengalenga. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwira ntchito ngati abrasive mu turbine, pang'onopang'ono "kuipha" mwadongosolo mpaka itatheratu. Chifukwa chake, palibe vuto lomwe liyenera kuloledwa kupsinjika kwa mpweya wa injini yoyaka mkati yokhala ndi turbine.

Mafuta abwino kapena osayenera. Injini iliyonse yoyaka mkati imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa mafuta a injini, ndipo injini za turbocharged ndizowonjezereka, chifukwa kuthamanga kwawo ndi kutentha ndizokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, choyamba, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangidwa ndi wopanga galimoto yanu. Ndipo chachiwiri, muyenera kusankha mafuta omwe ali apamwamba kwambiri, kuchokera ku mtundu wodziwika bwino, wopangidwa kapena wopangidwa ndi theka-synthetic, osadzaza munthu wina aliyense mugawo lamagetsi.

Kutentha kukana kwa mafuta. Mafuta a turbine nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi kutentha kuposa mafuta wamba, motero payenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mafuta odzola oyenera. Mafuta oterowo samawotcha, samamamatira ku makoma a zinthu za turbine, samatseka ngalande zamafuta ndikuthira mayendedwe bwino. Apo ayi, turbine idzagwira ntchito pansi pa zovuta kwambiri ndipo pali chiopsezo cha kulephera kwake mofulumira.

Nthawi yosintha mafuta. Mu injini iliyonse yoyaka mkati, mafuta amayenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi malamulo! Kwa injini zoyatsira mkati za turbocharged, izi ndizowona makamaka. Ndikwabwino kuchita m'malo mofananirako pafupifupi 10% m'mbuyomu kuposa momwe amapangira malamulo opanga magalimoto. Izi zidzawonjezera gwero la injini yoyaka mkati ndi turbine.

Pambuyo makilomita angati kusintha mafuta mu injini kuyaka mkati

Nthawi yosinthira mafuta a injini iyenera kuganiziridwa potengera momwe amagwirira ntchito, mtunda wamagalimoto, kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zinthu 7. pafupipafupi 8-12 Km. chizindikiro chonse Werengani zambiri

 

Mkhalidwe wa zolowetsa mafuta. Ngati simusintha mafuta kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika kwambiri (kapena fyuluta yamafuta imangotsekeka), ndiye kuti pakapita nthawi mapaipi amafuta adzatsekeka ndipo turbine imagwira ntchito movutikira. mode, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri gwero lake.

Kutuluka kwamafuta kuchokera ku turbo kupita ku intercooler (kudya zambiri). Izi siziwoneka kawirikawiri, koma chifukwa chake chikhoza kukhala fyuluta yotsekedwa yomwe tatchula pamwambapa, chivundikiro chake kapena nozzles. Chifukwa china pankhaniyi chingakhale njira zotsekera mafuta. Chifukwa cha izi, kusiyana kwapakati kumachitika, chifukwa chake, mafuta "amatuluka" mu intercooler.

Mafuta amalowa mu muffler. Apa zikufanana ndi mfundo yapitayi. Kupanikizika kumawonekera mu dongosolo, lomwe limakwiyitsidwa ndi mpweya wotsekedwa (fyuluta ya mpweya, chitoliro, chivundikiro) kapena ngalande zamafuta. Chifukwa chake, choyamba, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe machitidwe omwe afotokozedwera alili. Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, ndizotheka kuti turbine yokhayo ili kale kwambiri ndipo muyenera kuikonzanso, koma izi zisanachitike muyenera kuyang'ana turbine.

Nthawi zina, vutoli likhoza kukhala chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zosindikizira panthawi yoyika mapaipi amafuta ndi kukhetsa. Zotsalira zawo zimatha kusungunuka mumafuta ndikupangitsa kuti ngalande zamafuta ziwonjezeke, kuphatikiza ma fani a kompresa. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa njira zofananira ndi magawo amtundu wa turbine.

Si zachilendo kuti mafuta alowe mu muffler ndi makina otulutsa mpweya ambiri amatulutsa utsi wa buluu kuchokera ku tailpipe ya galimoto.

Tsopano titembenukira kuzifukwa zovuta kwambiri, motsatana, komanso kukonza zodula. Zikuwoneka ngati turbine yatha kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yake yolakwika kapena chifukwa cha "ukalamba" wake. Kuvala kungayambitsidwe ndi katundu wochuluka pa injini yoyaka mkati, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osayenera kapena otsika, m'malo mwake osati molingana ndi malamulo, kuwonongeka kwa makina, ndi zina zotero.

Kulephera kwa impeller. Izi ndizotheka ngati pangakhale masewero ofunika pa shaft yake. Izi ndizotheka kuyambira ukalamba kapena kukhudzana ndi zinthu zowononga patsinde. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, choyikapocho sichingakonzedwe, chiyenera kusinthidwa. Pankhaniyi, kukonzanso kogwirizana kumachitika kawirikawiri. Sikoyenera kuchita nokha, ndi bwino kufunafuna thandizo kuchokera kugalimoto yamagalimoto.

Kuvala kuvala. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndipo imatha kugwera m'mimba, pafupi ndi iwo. Ndipo popeza ma bearings satha kukonzedwa, amafunika kusinthidwa. Ndikwabwinonso kufunafuna thandizo kugalimoto yamagalimoto. Nthawi zina, vuto silili mochuluka m'malo mwadzina la mayendedwe, koma pakusankha kwawo (mwachitsanzo, magalimoto osowa, muyenera kuyitanitsa zida zosinthira kuchokera kunja ndikudikirira nthawi yayitali mpaka zitaperekedwa).

Kupanikizana kwa shaft ya impeller. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sichizungulira konse, ndiko kuti, turbine sikugwira ntchito. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, imatuluka chifukwa cha skew. Momwemonso, kusokonezeka kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamakina, kuvala kwakukulu kapena kulephera kwa mayendedwe. Apa mukufunika matenda athunthu ndi kukonza, kotero muyenera kupempha thandizo kwa galimoto.

kulephera kwa turbine. Kodi kuthetsa mavuto?

Malangizo othandiza pakuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa injini yoyaka mkati mwagalimoto. 3 zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa turbine komanso zizindikiro zazikulu za kulephera kwa turbocharger. Komanso mmene kuthetsa iwo Werengani zambiri

 

Njira zochotsera kupsinjika

Mwachilengedwe, kusankha njira imodzi kapena ina yothetsera mavuto mwachindunji kumadalira zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mafuta adonthe kapena kutuluka kuchokera ku turbine. Komabe, timalemba zosankha zomwe zingatheke, kuyambira zosavuta mpaka zovuta.

1. Kusintha (koopsa, osati kosafunika, kuyeretsa) kwa fyuluta ya mpweya. Kumbukirani kuti ndikofunikira kusintha fyuluta pang'ono pang'ono kuposa malamulo, pafupifupi 10%. Pafupifupi, iyenera kusinthidwa pafupifupi makilomita 8-10 zikwi.
2. Kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa chivundikiro cha fyuluta ya mpweya ndi ma nozzles, ngati kutsekeka kwapezeka, onetsetsani kuti mwayeretsa bwino pochotsa zinyalala.
3. Yang'anani kulimba kwa chivundikiro cha fyuluta ya mpweya ndi mapaipi. Ngati ming'alu kapena kuwonongeka kwina kumapezeka, malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili, mukhoza kuyesa kuzikonza pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo kapena zipangizo zina, muzochitika zovuta kwambiri, muyenera kugula zigawo zatsopano kuti zisinthe zowonongeka. Pachifukwa ichi, chofunikira ndi chakuti ngati depressurization yadziwika, ndiye kuti musanayambe kusonkhanitsa dongosolo ndi zigawo zatsopano, ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino kuchokera ku zinyalala ndi fumbi zomwe zili mmenemo. Ngati izi sizingachitike, zinyalala zimagwira ntchito ngati abrasive ndikuwononga kwambiri turbine.
4. kusankha kolondola kwamafuta a injini ndikusintha kwake munthawi yake. Izi ndi zoona kwa injini zonse zoyatsira mkati, makamaka kwa omwe ali ndi turbocharger. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta apamwamba kwambiri kapena opangidwa ndi semi-synthetic kuchokera kwa opanga odziwika bwino monga Shell, Mobil, Liqui Moly, Castrol ndi ena.
5. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira momwe mapaipi amafuta amakhalira kuti awonetsetse kuti mafuta akuyenda bwino kudzera munjira yamafuta, mwachitsanzo, kupita ndi kuchokera ku turbine. Ngati mutasintha turbine kwathunthu, ndiye kuti pazifukwa zodzitetezera muyenera kuwayeretsa, ngakhale poyang'ana koyamba ndi oyera. Sizikhala zosafunikira!
6. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthawi zonse mkhalidwe wa shaft, impeller ndi mayendedwe, kuti mupewe kusewera kwawo kwakukulu. Pakukayikiridwa pang'ono kwa kusweka, kuyenera kupangidwa. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi muutumiki wamagalimoto, komwe kuli zida ndi zida zoyenera.
7. Ngati pali mafuta potulutsa turbine, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe chubu lakuda liri, kupezeka kwa mapindika ovuta mmenemo. Pachifukwa ichi, mulingo wamafuta mu crankcase uyenera kukhala wokwera kuposa dzenje la chubucho. Ndikoyeneranso kuyang'ana mpweya wa mpweya wa crankcase. Chonde dziwani kuti condensate yomwe imapanga mu utsi wambiri chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha nthawi zambiri imalakwika ngati mafuta, chifukwa chinyezi, kusakanikirana ndi dothi, chimasanduka chakuda. Muyenera kusamala ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi mafuta enieni.
8. Ngati pali kutayikira mu njira yolowera kapena kutulutsa kwa injini yoyaka moto, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe ma gaskets alili. Pakapita nthawi komanso chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, zimatha kutha kwambiri ndikulephera. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kusinthidwa ndi yatsopano. muyenera kuzichita nokha ngati muli ndi chidaliro mu chidziwitso chanu komanso chidziwitso chothandiza pogwira ntchito yotereyi. Nthawi zina, m'malo mosintha, kumangika kosavuta kwa ma bolts kumathandiza (koma nthawi zambiri). Komabe, sikungathekenso kuwonjezereka kwambiri, chifukwa izi zingayambitse zotsatira zosiyana, pamene gasket sichidzagwira ntchito konse.

Kumbukirani kuti kutenthedwa kwa turbocharger kumathandizira kupanga coking kuchokera kumafuta a injini pamwamba pake. Chifukwa chake, musanazimitse injini yoyaka yamkati ya turbocharged, muyenera kuyisiya kwakanthawi kuti igwere pang'ono.

Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ntchito yolemetsa kwambiri (pa liwiro lalikulu) imathandizira osati kungovala mopitirira muyeso wa turbocharger, komanso kungayambitsenso mapindikidwe a rotor shaft, kuwotcha mafuta, ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa gwero la munthu. magawo. Choncho, ngati n'kotheka, njira iyi yogwiritsira ntchito injini yoyaka moto iyenera kupewedwa.

Nthawi zambiri

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zambiri zachilendo, zachinsinsi, zomwe nthawi zina zimadetsa nkhawa oyendetsa galimoto.

Kuwonongeka kwamakina kwa turbine. ndicho, zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha ngozi kapena ngozi ina, kugunda impeller ndi chinthu china cholemera chachilendo (mwachitsanzo, bawuti kapena nati anasiya pambuyo unsembe), kapena chabe zosalongosoka mankhwala. Pankhaniyi, mwatsoka, kukonzanso kwa turbine sikungatheke, ndipo ndi bwino kusintha, popeza gawo lowonongeka lidzakhalabe ndi gwero lochepa kwambiri, kotero lidzakhala lopanda phindu kuchokera kuzinthu zachuma.

Mwachitsanzo, pali mafuta akutuluka kunja kwa turbine kumbali ya kompresa. Ngati nthawi yomweyo diffuser litayikidwa pachimake ndi mabawuti, mwachitsanzo, monga akuyendera mu Holset H1C kapena H1E turbocharger, ndiye mmodzi wa anayi mounting mabawuti mwina kuchepetsa mavuto kapena kusweka. Sichingathe kutayika chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Komabe, ngati kulibe, muyenera kukhazikitsa yatsopano ndikumangitsa mabawuti onse ndi torque yofunikira. Koma pamene bawutiyo inathyoka ndipo mbali yake yamkati yalowa mu makina opangira magetsi, pamenepo iyenera kuthyoledwa ndipo ayesetse kupeza mbali yothyokayo. Chochitika choyipa kwambiri ndikuchichotsa kwathunthu.

Kutuluka kuchokera ku kulumikizana kwa diffuser disk ndi volute. Apa vuto ndiloti muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mafutawo amachokera pagawo lomwelo. Popeza mumitundu yakale ya ma turbocharger mafuta apadera adagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kulimba kwawo. Komabe, pakugwira ntchito kwa turbine, chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa zisindikizo, mafutawa amatha kutuluka. Choncho, kuti mudziwe zambiri za matenda, m'pofunika kuchotsa nkhono ndikupeza ngati pali kutuluka kwa mafuta mkati mwa ma valve a mpweya. Ngati palibe, ndipo m'malo mwawo pali chinyezi chokha, ndiye kuti simungadandaule, pukutani ndi chiguduli, ndikusonkhanitsa gulu lonse ku chikhalidwe chake choyambirira. Apo ayi, muyenera kupanga diagnostics owonjezera ndi ntchito limodzi la malangizo pamwamba.

Kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu crankcase. Nthawi zina, mu ma ICE okhala ndi turbocharged, mafuta ochulukirapo amatha kutuluka m'dongosolo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake mu crankcase (pamwamba pa chizindikiro cha MAX). Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kukhetsa mafuta owonjezera mpaka pamlingo wovomerezeka. izi zikhoza kuchitika kaya mu garaja kapena mu utumiki galimoto.

Mapangidwe a injini zoyatsira mkati. ndiye, milandu imadziwika pamene ma motors ena, molingana ndi kapangidwe kawo, adapanga kukana kukhetsa mphamvu yokoka kwamafuta kuchokera ku kompresa. ndicho, izi zimachitika chifukwa counterweight wa crankshaft wa injini kuyaka mkati ndi kulemera kwake, titero, amaponya mafuta mmbuyo. Ndipo tsopano palibe chimene chingachitidwe. Mukungoyenera kuyang'anitsitsa ukhondo wa injini ndi mlingo wa mafuta.

Kuvala zinthu za gulu la silinda-piston (CPG). Pachifukwa ichi, zimakhala zotheka pamene mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umalowa mu poto ya mafuta ndikupanga kupanikizika kwakukulu kumeneko. Izi zimakula makamaka ngati mpweya wa mpweya wa crankcase sukugwira ntchito bwino kapena osakwanira. Chifukwa chake, panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukhetsa kwamafuta ndikovuta, ndipo turbine imangotulutsa mu dongosolo kudzera mu zisindikizo zofooka. Makamaka ngati omalizawo ali kale okalamba komanso akutha.

Fyuluta yotsekeka yopumira. Imapezeka mu crankcase ventilation system ndipo imathanso kutsekeka pakapita nthawi. Ndipo izi, zimatsogolera ku ntchito yake yolakwika. Choncho, pamodzi ndi kuyang'ana ntchito ya mpweya wabwino, m'pofunikanso kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa fyuluta yomwe yatchulidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, iyenera kusinthidwa.

Kuyika kolakwika kwa turbine. Kapena njira ina ndikuyika makina opangira dala otsika kwambiri kapena olakwika. Izi, ndithudi, ndizosowa, koma ngati munakonza zokonza galimoto ndi mbiri yokayikitsa, ndiye kuti sizingatheke.

Kuletsa valve ya EGR (EGR). Madalaivala ena, pamene turbine "idya" mafuta, akulangizidwa kuti azimitsa valavu ya EGR, ndiko kuti, valve yotulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Ndipotu, sitepe yotereyi ikhoza kuchitidwa, koma zotsatira za chochitika ichi ziyenera kuzindikiridwa, chifukwa zimakhudza njira zambiri mu injini yoyaka moto. Koma kumbukirani kuti ngakhale mutasankha kuchitapo kanthu, muyenera kupeza chifukwa chomwe mafuta "amadya". Zoonadi, pa nthawi yomweyo, mlingo wake nthawi zonse kugwa, ndi ntchito ya injini kuyaka mkati pansi pa zinthu za njala mafuta ndi zoipa kwambiri kwa unit mphamvu ndi turbine.