Phulusa la sulphate lili ndi mafuta. Kodi makonzedwe amenewa akukhudza chiyani?
Zamkatimu
Lingaliro la phulusa la sulphate ndi kugawanika kwa mafuta molingana ndi gawo ili
Phulusa la sulphate ndilo gawo la kuchuluka kwamafuta amafuta osiyanasiyana olimba a organic ndi organic omwe amapangidwa pambuyo poyaka mafuta. Ndi gawo ili lomwe limaganiziridwa nthawi zambiri masiku ano, ngakhale pali mitundu ina ya phulusa yomwe imaganiziridwa pophunzira zamafuta.
Sulfate ndi, mwa kutanthauzira, mchere wa sulfuric acid, mankhwala omwe ali ndi anion -SO.4. Gawo ili la dzina limachokera ku njira yowerengera phulusa mumafuta agalimoto.
Mafuta omwe amayesedwa kuti ali ndi phulusa amawotchedwa mu labotale kutentha kwambiri (pafupifupi 775 ° C) mpaka misa yolimba yokhazikika ipangike, kenako ndikuthandizidwa ndi sulfuric acid. Chotsatira cha multicomponent chimawerengedwanso mpaka misa yake itasiya kuchepa. Chotsalira ichi chidzakhala phulusa lomwe silingawotchedwe ndipo lidzakhazikika mu injini kapena kutulutsa mpweya. Unyinji wake umalumikizidwa ndi misa yoyambira ya prototype ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumawerengedwa, komwe ndi gawo la muyeso wa phulusa la sulphate.
Mafuta okhala ndi phulusa la sulphate nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zovala, kupanikizika kwambiri ndi zina zowonjezera. Poyambirira, phulusa lamafuta oyera, malingana ndi momwe linayambira, nthawi zambiri silidutsa 0,005%. Ndiko kuti, lita imodzi ya mafuta imakhala ndi 1 mg yokha ya phulusa.
Pambuyo powonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi calcium, zinki, phosphorous, magnesium, molybdenum ndi zinthu zina zamakina, phulusa la sulphate lamafuta limakula kwambiri. Kutha kwake kupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitingathe kuyaka panthawi yakuwonongeka kwamafuta kumawonjezeka.
Masiku ano, gulu la ACEA limapereka magulu atatu amafuta malinga ndi phulusa:
- Saps (mafuta odzaza phulusa) - phulusa la sulphate ndi 1-1,1% ya mafuta onse.
- Mid Saps (mafuta apakati aphulusa) - pazogulitsa zomwe zili ndi izi, phulusa limakhala pakati pa 0,6 ndi 0,9%.
- Low Saps (mafuta otsika phulusa) - phulusa ndi lochepera 0,5%.
Pali mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe phulusa lamafuta amakono liyenera kupitilira 2%.
Kodi phulusa la sulfate limakhudza chiyani?
Kuchuluka kwa phulusa la sulphate kumawonetsa phukusi lambiri lazowonjezera. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mafuta omwe ali ndi phulusa lambiri amakhala ndi zotsukira (calcium), antiwear ndi kupanikizika kwambiri (zinc-phosphorous) zowonjezera. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti mafuta owonjezera omwe ali ndi zowonjezera, zinthu zina zonse zofanana (tsinde lomwelo, zochitika zofanana zogwirira ntchito, nthawi yofanana m'malo mwake), zidzateteza injiniyo modalirika pa katundu wambiri.
Phulusa la sulphate limatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa phulusa losayaka, lolimba lopangidwa mu injini. Osasokonezedwa ndi ma depositi a mwaye. Mwaye, mosiyana ndi phulusa, ukhoza kupsa ndi kutentha kwambiri. Ash - ayi.
Phulusa lamafuta limakhudza kwambiri chitetezo ndi detergent-dispersant yamafuta a injini. Makhalidwewa amakhudzana mwachindunji ndi muyeso wina wofunikira wamafuta agalimoto: nambala yoyambira.
Kodi phulusa lamafuta liti lomwe lili bwino kwa injini?
Phulusa la sulphate ndi khalidwe losamvetsetseka la mafuta a injini. Ndipo kuziwona ngati zabwino zokha kapena zoipa zokha sizingatheke.
The kuchuluka zili sulphate phulusa adzatsogolera zotsatirazi zoipa zotsatira.
- Kuchulukirachulukira kwa phulusa lolimba, losayaka munjira zambiri zotayira, zomwe zingasokoneze moyo wa fyuluta kapena chothandizira. The particulate fyuluta amatha kuwotcha kudzera ndi mapangidwe carbon oxides, madzi ndi zigawo zina kokha carbon mwaye. Phulusa lolimba la organic nthawi zambiri limakhazikika pamakoma a fyulutayo ndipo imakhazikika pamenepo. Malo othandiza a fyuluta base amachepetsedwa. Ndipo tsiku lina zidzangolephera ngati mafuta okhala ndi phulusa lambiri atatsanuliridwa mwadongosolo mu injini. Mkhalidwe wofananawo umawonedwa ndi chothandizira. Komabe, kutsekeka kwake kudzakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi fyuluta.
- Ma depositi a carbon pa pistoni, mphete ndi ma spark plugs. Kuphika mphete ndi pistoni kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi phulusa lalitali mu mafuta. Mafuta opaka phulusa lochepa amasiya phulusa locheperako kangapo pambuyo pakutopa. Mapangidwe a phulusa lolimba pamakandulo kumabweretsa kuyatsa (kuyaka mosayembekezereka kwa mafuta mu masilindala osati kuchokera ku kandulo, koma phulusa lotentha).
- Kuvala kwachangu kwa injini. Phulusa limakhala ndi abrasive effect. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, izi sizimakhudza gwero la injini mwa njira iliyonse: pafupifupi imawulukira mu chitoliro cha utsi popanda kuwonongeka kwa gulu la pisitoni. Komabe, pamene injini imatenga mafuta kuti iwonongeke, ndipo nthawi yomweyo makina a USR akugwira ntchito, phulusa lopweteka lidzazungulira pakati pa zipinda zoyaka. Pang'onopang'ono koma motsimikizika kuchotsa zitsulo pamasilinda ndi mphete za pistoni.
Mwachidule, tinganene izi: kuchuluka phulusa la mafuta kwa injini zosavuta, popanda chothandizira ndi particulate Zosefera, zabwino kuposa zoipa. Koma pama injini amakono a EURO-5 ndi EURO-6 makalasi, okhala ndi zosefera tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zothandizira, kuchuluka kwa phulusa kumapangitsa kuti mayunitsi okwera mtengo awa azivala. Kwa chilengedwe, zomwe zikuchitika ndi izi: kutsika kwa phulusa, kumachepetsanso chilengedwe.
