Injini yokhazikika

Ngakhale kuti chikondi cha nthunzi chinapita kalekale, timalakalaka kalekale pamene tinkatha kuona ngolo zokokedwa ndi masitima akuluakulu ochititsa chidwi kwambiri, zogudubuza nthunzi zotentha zikuwononga zinyalala za m’misewu, kapena masitima osuta fodya akugwira ntchito m’minda.

Injini imodzi yosasunthika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa chapakati, pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa lamba, makina onse afakitale kapena looms. Chowotcha chake chinawotcha malasha wamba.Zingakhale zomvetsa chisoni kuti sitidzawona makina oterowo kunja kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, koma n'zotheka kupanga chitsanzo chamatabwa cha makina oima. к Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kukhala ndi foni yam'manja yamatabwa yotere, foni yam'manja yogwirira ntchito, kunyumba. Nthawi ino tipanga chitsanzo cha injini ya nthunzi yovuta kwambiri yokhala ndi slider synchronizer kuposa kale. Kuti tiyendetse chitsanzo chamatabwa, tidzagwiritsa ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa kuchokera ku compressor yapakhomo m'malo mwa nthunzi.

Steam injini ntchito imakhala ndi kutulutsa mpweya wamadzi woponderezedwa, ndipo kwa ife mpweya woponderezedwa, mu silinda, mwina mbali imodzi kapena ina ya pisitoni. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pistoni ikhale yosinthasintha, yomwe imafalitsidwa kudzera mu ndodo yolumikizira ndikuyendetsa shaft kupita ku flywheel. Ndodo yolumikizira imatembenuza kusuntha kobwerezabwereza kwa pisitoni kukhala kuyenda kozungulira kwa flywheel. Kutembenuka kumodzi kwa ma flywheel kumatheka ndi mikwingwirima iwiri ya pistoni. Kugawa kwa nthunzi kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito slider mechanism. Nthawi imasinthidwa ndi eccentric yomwe imayikidwa pamzere womwewo monga flywheel ndi crank. The lathyathyathya slider kutseka ndi kutsegula ndime kwa kuyambitsa nthunzi mu silinda, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amalola kuthamangitsidwa ntchito kukodzedwa nthunzi. 

Zida: Trichinella anawona, zitsulo macheka tsamba, kubowola magetsi pa choyimira, kubowola wokwera workbench, lamba sander, orbital mchenga, Dremel ndi matabwa ZOWONJEZERA, jigsaw, guluu mfuti ndi otentha guluu, ukalipentala kubowola bits 8, 11 ndi 14 mm. Zopangira matabwa kapena mafayilo amathanso kukhala othandiza. Kuti tiyendetse chitsanzocho, tidzagwiritsa ntchito compressor yapakhomo kapena chotsukira champhamvu kwambiri, chomwe chimawomba mpweya.

Zida: pine board 100 mm mulifupi ndi 20 mm wandiweyani, odzigudubuza ndi awiri a 14 ndi 8 mm, bolodi 20 ndi 20 mm, bolodi 30 ndi 30 mm, bolodi 60 ndi 8 mm, plywood 4 ndi 10 mm wandiweyani. Zomangira zamatabwa, misomali 20 ndi 40 mm. Chotsani varnish mu spray. Mafuta a silicone kapena makina opangira mafuta.

Makina oyambira. Ili ndi miyeso ya 450 ndi 200 ndi 20 mm. Tiyeni tipange kuchokera ku zidutswa ziwiri za matabwa a paini ndikumata pamodzi ndi mbali zawo zazitali, kapena kuchokera ku plywood imodzi. Kusagwirizana kulikonse pa bolodi ndi malo omwe atsala pambuyo podula ayenera kusalazidwa ndi sandpaper.

Thandizo la axle ya Flywheel. Zimapangidwa ndi bolodi loyima ndi thabwa lophimba kuchokera pamwamba. Bowo la ekseli yamatabwa amabowoleredwa pamalo pomwe malo awo amakhudza pambuyo powamanga pamodzi. Tidzafunika magulu awiri a zinthu zofanana. Timadula zothandizira kuchokera pamatabwa a pine olemera 150 ndi 100 ndi 20 mm ndi ma slats okhala ndi gawo la 20 ndi 20 ndi kutalika kwa 150 mm. M'ma slats, pamtunda wa 20 mm kuchokera m'mphepete, kubowola mabowo ndi mainchesi 3 mm ndikuwabowola ndi kubowola 8 mm kuti mitu ya wononga ikhale yobisika. Timabowolanso maenje okhala ndi mainchesi 3 mm kutsogolo kwa matabwa kuti matabwawo atseke. Pakulumikizana, gwiritsani ntchito kubowola 14 mm kubowola mabowo amtundu wa flywheel. Zinthu zonsezi zimakonzedwa mosamala ndi sandpaper, makamaka ndi orbital sander. Komanso, musaiwale kuyeretsa mabowo a matabwa a matabwa kuchokera ku chogudubuza ndi sandpaper. Axle iyenera kuzunguliridwa ndi kukana kochepa. Zothandizira zomwe zimapangidwa motere zimapasuka ndikukutidwa ndi varnish yopanda mtundu.

Flywheel. Tiyamba ndi kujambula mawonekedwe a bwalo papepala lopanda kanthu.Flywheel yathu ili ndi mainchesi a 200mm ndipo ili ndi masipoko asanu. Adzalengedwa m'njira yoti tidzajambule makona asanu ndi limodzi pabwalo, kuzungulira madigiri 60 okhudzana ndi mzere wa bwalo. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kujambula bwalo ndi awiri a 130 mm, ndiye lembani spokes ndi makulidwe a 15 mm.. M'makona a makona atatuwo timajambula mabwalo okhala ndi mainchesi 11 mm. Ikani pepala lokhala ndi bwalo lojambula pa plywood ndipo choyamba gwiritsani ntchito nkhonya ya bowo kuti mulembe pakati pa zozungulira zonse zazing'ono ndi pakati pa bwalolo. Madontho awa adzaonetsetsa kuti kubowola molondola. Jambulani bwalo, likulu ndi gudumu pomwe masipoko amathera pa ma calipers, molunjika pa plywood. Timabowola ngodya zonse za makona atatu ndi kubowola ndi mainchesi 11 mm. Gwiritsani ntchito pensulo kuti mulembe malo omwe akuyenera kukhala opanda kanthu. Izi zidzatipulumutsa kuti tisalakwitse. Pogwiritsa ntchito jigsaw kapena macheka a trichome, titha kudula zinthu zomwe zidayikidwa kale, zochulukirapo kuchokera pa gudumu la ndege, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale singano zoluka. Pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo kapena chodulira cha cylindrical, chovula, ndiyeno Dremel, timachotsa zolakwika zomwe zingatheke ndikugwedeza m'mphepete mwa spokes.

Mzere wa flywheel. Tidzafunika malirimu awiri ofanana, omwe tidzamata mbali zonse za flywheel. Tidzawadulanso kuchokera ku plywood 10 mm wandiweyani. Magudumuwo ali ndi mainchesi akunja a 200 mm. Timawajambula pa plywood ndi kampasi ndikudula ndi jigsaw. Kenako timajambula mozungulira ndi mainchesi 130 mm coaxially ndikudula pakati. Ili ndilo mkombero wa gudumu lowulukira, ndiko kuti, mkombero wake. Nkhota iyenera kuonjezera inertia ya gudumu lozungulira ndi kulemera kwake. Pogwiritsa ntchito guluu wa wikol timaphimba flywheel, i.e. imodzi yokhala ndi singano, yokhala ndi nkhata mbali zonse ziwiri. Boolani bowo la 6mm pakati pa flywheel kuti muyike wononga M6 pakati. Chifukwa chake, tipeza mayendedwe osinthika a gudumu. Titayika zomangira izi ngati nsonga ya gudumu pobowola, timayendetsa mwachangu gudumu lozungulira, choyamba ndi coarse kenako ndi sandpaper yabwino. Ndikukulangizani kuti musinthe njira yozungulira pobowola kuti gudumu lisakhale lotayirira. Gudumu liyenera kukhala losalala m'mphepete, ndipo pambuyo pokonza pa pseudo-lathe yathu, liyenera kuzungulira bwino, osaligunda chammbali. Ichi ndi muyezo wofunikira kwambiri wamtundu wa flywheel. Cholinga ichi chikakwaniritsidwa, chotsani bawuti kwakanthawi ndikubowola dzenje la 14mm.

Silinda ya makina. Zapangidwa kuchokera ku plywood 10 mm. Tiyamba ndi 140 x 60 pansi ndi pamwamba chidutswa ndi 60 x 60 mm kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo. Gwirani mabowo 14mm pakati pa mabwalowa. Timamatira zinthu izi pamodzi ndi guluu wotentha kuchokera pamfuti ya glue, motero timapanga mtundu wa chimango cha silinda. Zigawo zofananirazo ziyenera kumangirizidwa perpendicular ndi kufanana wina ndi mzake, kotero pamene gluing, ntchito lalikulu lalikulu ndi kuwasunga pamalo mpaka guluu kuumitsa. Ndi bwino kuyika chodzigudubuza, chomwe chidzakhala ngati ndodo ya pistoni, m'mabowo akumbuyo ndi kutsogolo pamene gluing. Ntchito yolondola yamtsogolo yachitsanzo imadalira kulondola kwa gluing iyi.

Pisitoni. Zopangidwa ndi plywood 10 mm wandiweyani, miyeso 60 ndi 60 mm. Mchenga m'mbali mwa lalikulu ndi zabwino sandpaper ndi chamfer mbali. Boola 14mm mu pisitoni pa ndodo ya pisitoni. Pamwamba pa pisitoni, dzenje lokhala ndi mainchesi 3 mm limabowoleredwa mozungulira kuti lipangitse pisitoni ku ndodo ya pisitoni. Boolani pobowola 8mm kuti mubise mutu wa screw. Chophimbacho chimadutsa mundodo ya pisitoni, ndikugwira pisitoni m'malo mwake.

pisitoni ndodo. Timadula silinda yokhala ndi mainchesi 14 mm. Kutalika kwake ndi 280 mm. Timayika pisitoni pa ndodo ya pisitoni ndikuyiyika mu chimango cha pisitoni. Komabe, choyamba timadziwa momwe pisitoni imakhalira ndi ndodo ya pisitoni. Pistoni idzasuntha 80 mm. Mukatsetsereka, siyenera kupitilira m'mphepete mwa pisitoni yolowera ndi madoko, koma osalowererapo, iyenera kukhala pakati pa silinda, ndipo ndodo ya pistoni sayenera kugwa kutsogolo kwa silinda. Tikapeza malowa, timalemba ndi pensulo malo a pisitoni poyerekezera ndi ndodo ya pisitoni ndipo potsiriza kubowola dzenje ndi m'mimba mwake 3 mm.

Kugawa. Ichi ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri la makina athu. Tiyenera kukonzanso ma ducts a mpweya kuchokera ku kompresa kupita ku silinda, kuchokera mbali imodzi kupita mbali ina ya pisitoni, ndiyeno kuchokera ku mpweya wotulutsa kuchokera ku silinda. Tipanga njira izi kuchokera ku zigawo zingapo za plywood 4 mm wandiweyani. Lamba wa nthawi imakhala ndi mbale zisanu zokhala ndi 140 ndi 80 mm. Mabowo amadulidwa mu mbale iliyonse molingana ndi mawonekedwe omwe akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kujambula zonse zomwe tikufuna papepala ndikudula tsatanetsatane. Timajambula mapangidwe a matailosi ndi cholembera chomveka pa plywood, kuwakonza m'njira kuti asawononge zinthu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo khalani ndi ntchito yochepa momwe tingathere pocheka. Mosamala lembani malo olembedwa mabowo othandizira ndikudula mawonekedwe ofananirako ndi jigsaw kapena tribrach. Pamapeto pake, timalinganiza chirichonse ndikuchiyeretsa ndi sandpaper.

Zipper. Ichi ndi bolodi la plywood la mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chithunzi. Choyamba, kubowola mabowo ndi kuwadula ndi jigsaw. Zomwe zatsala zitha kudulidwa ndi macheka a trichome kapena kutayidwa ndi chodulira cha cylindrical kapena Dremel. Kumanja kwa slide pali dzenje lokhala ndi mainchesi 3 mm, momwe gawo la chogwirira cha eccentric lidzakhalapo.

Maupangiri oyenda. Slider imagwira ntchito pakati pa othamanga awiri, otsogolera pansi ndi apamwamba. Tidzawapanga kuchokera ku plywood kapena slats 4 mm wandiweyani ndi 140 mm kutalika. Makani zolozerazo ndi guluu wa Vicol pa mbale yofananira nayo nthawi.

Chingwe cholumikizira. Tidzadula mu mawonekedwe achikhalidwe monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi. Mtunda pakati pa nkhwangwa za mabowo okhala ndi mainchesi 14 mm ndikofunikira. Iyenera kukhala 40 mm.

Nkhono ya crank. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mzere wa 30 ndi 30 mm ndipo ali ndi kutalika kwa 50 mm. Timabowola dzenje la 14 mm mu chipika ndi dzenje lakhungu perpendicular kutsogolo. Mchenga kumapeto kwa chipikacho ndi fayilo yamatabwa ndi sander ndi sandpaper.

Kugwira ndodo ya piston. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a U, opangidwa ndi matabwa 30 ndi 30 mm ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 40 mm. Mutha kuwona mawonekedwe ake pachithunzichi. Timabowola dzenje la 14 mm kutsogolo kwa chipikacho. Pogwiritsa ntchito macheka okhala ndi tsamba la macheka, chekani kuwiri ndipo pangani polowera kuti ndodo ya pisitoni ilowemo pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola ndi trichin saw. Timabowola dzenje la axle yolumikiza crank ndi ndodo ya pisitoni.

Thandizo la Cylinder. Tidzafunika zinthu ziwiri zofanana. Dulani zogwiriziza kuchokera pamatabwa a pine ndi miyeso ya 90 x 100 x 20 mm.

Eccentricity. Kuchokera ku plywood 4mm wandiweyani, dulani timakona anayi, iliyonse yolemera 40 ndi 25mm. Timabowola mabowo mu rectangles ndi kubowola 14 mm. Mapangidwe a eccentric akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi. Mabowo awa ali m'mbali mwa olamulira aatali, koma amachotsedwa wina ndi mnzake motsatira njira yopingasa ndi 8 mm. Timagwirizanitsa ma rectangles awiriawiri, kuwagwirizanitsa pamodzi ndi malo awo. Ikani silinda ya 28 mm m'mabowo amkati. Tiyeni tiwonetsetse kuti malo a rectangles akufanana. Chogwirizira cha lever chingatithandize pa izi.

mkono wopendekerakugwirizana kwa slider ndi eccentric. Amakhala ndi magawo atatu. Yoyamba ndi chogwirira chopangidwa ndi U chomwe chimaphatikizapo slider. Bowo limabowoleredwa mu ndege kuti ligwirizane ndi mbali yomwe imapanga kugwedezeka. Chotsekereza chokhazikika chimamatiridwa kumapeto kwina. Chotchinga ichi ndi chotsika ndipo chimakhala ndi midadada iwiri yotalika 20x20x50 mm iliyonse. Lumikizani midadada ndi zomangira zamatabwa ndikubowola bowo la 14mm m'mphepete mwa nthiti ya shaft ya eccentric. Timabowola dzenje lakhungu lokhala ndi mainchesi 8 mm mu imodzi mwamabowo omwe amafikira pa axis. Tsopano tikhoza kulumikiza mbali zonse ziwiri ndi tsinde ndi m'mimba mwake 8 mm ndi kutalika pafupifupi 160 mm, koma mtunda pakati pa nkhwangwa mbali zimenezi n'kofunika, amene ayenera kukhala 190 mm.

Kupanga makina. Pogwiritsa ntchito bawuti, ikani pisitoni pandodo ya pisitoni yoyikidwa mu silinda, ndikuboola kumapeto kwa chogwiriracho. Kumbukirani kuti dzenje liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi maziko. Gwirizanitsani zinthu zotsatirazi zoyendetsa nthawi pa chimango cha silinda (chithunzi a). Chotsatira choyamba mbale ndi mabowo anayi (chithunzi b), chachiwiri ndi mabowo awiri akuluakulu (chithunzi c) chimagwirizanitsa mabowowo kukhala awiriawiri. Chotsatira ndi mbale yachitatu (chithunzi d) yokhala ndi mabowo anayi ndikuyika chowongolera pamenepo. Zithunzi (zithunzi d ndi f) zikuwonetsa kuti slider, yosunthidwa ndi eccentric panthawi yogwira ntchito, imawulula mabowo oyamba kapena awiri enawo. Gwirizanitsani maulozera awiri otsogolera chowongolera kupita ku mbale yachitatu pamwamba ndi pansi. Timayika mbale yomaliza yokhala ndi mabowo awiri, ndikuphimba chotsitsa kuchokera pamwamba (chithunzi d). Gwirizanitsani chipika chokhala ndi bowo pamwamba pa dzenje lalikulu kuti mutseke payipi ya mpweya. Kumbali ina, silinda imatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro chotsekedwa ndi zomangira zingapo. Gwirizanitsani nsonga zamtundu wa flywheel kumunsi, kuonetsetsa kuti zili pamzere ndikufanana ndi ndege yoyambira. Tisanayambe kusonkhana kwathunthu, tidzajambula zinthu ndi zigawo za makina ndi varnish yomveka bwino. Timayika ndodo yolumikizira pa nsonga ya flywheel ndikuyiyika molunjika kwa iyo. Timayika chingwe cholumikizira ndodo mu dzenje lachiwiri. Nkhwangwa zonse ziwiri ziyenera kukhala zofanana. Gwirizanitsani matabwa awiri kumbali ina ya maziko kuti apange chithandizo cha silinda. Timamatira silinda yathunthu ndi njira yanthawi yake kwa iwo. Pambuyo kuti silindayo itamatidwa, timayika lever yolumikiza slider ku eccentric. Pokhapokha titha kudziwa kutalika kwa cholumikizira cholumikizira ndodo yolumikizira ku ndodo ya pisitoni. Dulani tsinde mosamala ndikumatira zogwirira zooneka ngati U. Timalumikiza zinthu izi ndi nkhwangwa zopangidwa ndi misomali. Kuyesera koyamba ndikutembenuza pamanja axis ya flywheel. Zigawo zonse zosuntha ziyenera kuyenda popanda kukana kosafunika. Crank ipanga kusintha kumodzi, ndipo spool iyenera kuchitapo kanthu ndi kusamuka kwapadera.

Masewera. Onjezani makina ndi mafuta pomwe timayembekezera kuti kukangana kuchitike. Pomaliza, timagwirizanitsa chitsanzo ndi chingwe ku compressor. Pambuyo poyambitsa unit ndikupereka mpweya wothinikizidwa mkati mwa silinda, chitsanzo chathu chiyenera kuyamba popanda mavuto, kupatsa mlengi chisangalalo chochuluka. Kutulutsa kulikonse kumatha kusindikizidwa ndi guluu kuchokera pamfuti ya glue kapena silikoni yomveka bwino, koma izi zipangitsa kuti chitsanzo chathu chisathe. Mfundo yakuti chitsanzocho chikhoza kupasuka, mwachitsanzo kusonyeza kayendedwe ka pistoni mu silinda, ndi phindu lamtengo wapatali.