Kuyerekeza Kutumiza - FWD, RWD, AWD

Kutumiza kwagalimoto kumakhala makamaka ndi injini ndi kufalitsa. Zina zonse, zigawo zomwe zimatenga mphamvu kuchokera kumayendedwe ndikuzitumiza ku mawilo, ndizo zigawo zomwe zimatsimikiziranso momwe galimotoyo imakhalira pamsewu. Njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo zonse zimapereka chidziwitso chosiyana kwa woyendetsa. Opanga ndi okonda mtundu amakonda kunena za manambala ndi magwiridwe antchito, koma kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya powertrain imapereka chiyani?

Gudumu loyenda kutsogolo

Zimadziwika kuti magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo amakhala opepuka kuposa anzawo. Kapangidwe kakatunduyu kumasiyanso malo ambiri pansi pagalimoto, pomwe cholumikizira, cholumikizira chapakati, ndi zina zotero. thunthu danga.

Kodi ntchito?

Popanda kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane, zida zonse zopatsirana mwachizolowezi zimapezeka m'galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo, kusiyana kokha ndiko komwe amayendera komanso malo. Mupeza injini, kufala ndi kusiyanitsa kulumikizidwa ndi injini yokwera modutsa.

Ma injini okwera nthawi yayitali omwe amatumiza mphamvu kumawilo akutsogolo alipo, koma ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo mulimonsemo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi magalimoto a XNUMXWD, kutanthauza kuti mphamvu nthawi zambiri imabwerera kumayendedwe pansi pagalimoto pakati pa dalaivala ndi okwera musanasunthe. . kwa kusiyana m'nyumba zomwezo, kuzitsogolera ku mawilo akutsogolo. Zili ngati Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive popanda kutengera mphamvu kuchokera pa driveshaft kupita kumbuyo.

Mu injini yodutsa, masilindani amakonzedwa kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja m'malo mwa kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo.

Ngakhale kuti dongosololi lingawoneke ngati losagwirizana, limalola kuti zigawo zambiri zofunika zitenge pang'onopang'ono, pamene zikugwirabe ntchito ngati kufalitsa kovuta kwambiri nthawi zambiri. Ndi injini yopingasa wokwera, kufala kungakhale makamaka pafupi ndi (akadali pakati pa mawilo kutsogolo), posamutsa mphamvu kutsogolo kusiyana ndiyeno ma axles. Kusonkhana kwa gearbox, kusiyanitsa ndi ma axles mu nyumba imodzi kumatchedwa gearbox.

Kuyika kwamtunduwu kutha kupezeka pamagalimoto akumbuyo kapena apakati, kusiyana kokha komwe kuli malo (pa chitsulo chakumbuyo).

Chipangizo chopepuka komanso chosavutachi chimalola opanga kuti agwirizane ndi injini zing'onozing'ono, zosagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri pansi pa hood.

Ubwino woyendetsa gudumu lakutsogolo

• Magalimoto akutsogolo amakhala opepuka komanso olemera kuposa magalimoto akutsogolo. Izi zimapereka chiwongolero chabwino cha mayendedwe odalirika. Zimathandizanso ndi braking.

• Kugwira ntchito bwino kwamafuta ndi mkangano wofunikira mokomera magalimoto okhala ndimtunduwu. Ngakhale kuti mphamvu yamphamvu imawalola kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta bwino mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa injini, injini zing'onozing'ono zimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatanthauza kuti injiniyo imayenera kukokera pang'ono.

• Kumbuyo gudumu kukoka ndi bwino kwambiri pamene iwo posamutsa mphamvu pansi. Ikafika pamakona, galimotoyo imakhala ndi katundu wambiri wam'mbali, chifukwa chake mawilo akumbuyo amavutikira kuti azitha kuyenda bwino. Pamene mawilo akumbuyo akulephera kusunga mayendedwe, oversteer kumachitika.

  • Oversteer ndi pamene kumbuyo kwa galimoto kugwedezeka chifukwa cha mawilo akumbuyo kutaya mphamvu, ndipo izi zingayambitse galimotoyo kulephera.

• Zida za Drivetrain zomwe zimatenga malo ambiri sizili pansi pa galimoto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale pansi ndikupatsanso okwera malo ambiri.

• Makhalidwe ogwirizira ndi odziwikiratu komanso ocheperako kuposa masanjidwe ena otumizira. Madalaivala atsopano kapena oyendetsa osamala amapindula ndi izi.

Zoyipa zoyendetsa kutsogolo

• Ndi magudumu akutsogolo, mawilo akutsogolo amagwira ntchito zambiri. Iwo ali ndi udindo wowongolera, ambiri a braking ndi mphamvu zonse zomwe zimapita pansi. Izi zingayambitse vuto la traction ndi understeer.

  • Understeer ndi pamene mawilo akutsogolo amalephera kukokera pamene akulowera pamakona, zomwe zimapangitsa galimoto kuchoka malire.

• Mawilo akutsogolo amatha kungogwira mphamvu zinazake zamahatchi asanakhalenso ofunikira pamakona othamanga. Ngakhale kuti aliyense amakonda magalimoto okhala ndi kugunda pang'ono, mphamvu zochulukirapo zimapangitsa mawilo akutsogolo kutayika mwadzidzidzi. Izi zingapangitse msewu wouma wouma kuwoneka ngati ayezi.

Kodi gudumu lakutsogolo ndi loyenera pazosowa zanu?

• Mizinda ndi madera akumatauni ndi abwino poyendetsa magudumu akutsogolo. Misewu nthawi zambiri imasamalidwa bwino ndipo kulibe malo ambiri otseguka oyendetsa magalimoto othamanga komanso kukhonda.

• Oyendetsa galimoto ndi madalaivala ena aatali amayamikira kusamalidwa bwino komanso chuma cha magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo.

• Madalaivala a Novice ayenera kuyamba ndi galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo. Izi zingawathandize kuphunzira kuyendetsa galimoto yosavuta kunyamula ndi kuwaletsa kuchita zinthu zambiri zoopsa zopusa monga madonati ndi ma slide amphamvu.

• Magalimoto akutsogolo amakokera bwino m'misewu yoterera poyerekeza ndi magalimoto akumbuyo. Aliyense amene amakhala m'dera lomwe mulibe chipale chofewa kapena mvula yambiri amapindula ndi galimoto yakutsogolo.

Kumbuyo kuyendetsa

Wokondedwa wa purists magalimoto, kumbuyo-wheel drive akadali zambiri kupereka dalaivala wamakono. Panopa, makonzedwe amenewa makamaka ntchito masewera ndi magalimoto mwanaalirenji, izo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi galimoto iliyonse opangidwa mu theka loyamba la zaka za m'ma XNUMX. Chojambula chachikulu ndikuyika mwachilengedwe komanso mawonekedwe owongolera omwe amaperekedwa ndi ma wheel wheel. Ma wheel wheel drive amawoneka ngati mawonekedwe okhazikika agalimoto.

Kodi ntchito?

Njira yosavuta yotumizira, gudumu lakumbuyo imayika injini kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo ndikuyitumizanso kudzera pamapatsirana kupita kumasiyana akumbuyo. Kusiyanako kumatumiza mphamvu kumawilo akumbuyo. Zitsanzo zosavuta ndi mabuku okhudza achinyamata ndi ana pafupifupi nthawi zonse amaziwonetsa ngati "momwe makina amagwirira ntchito", ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Pamwamba pa mfundo yakuti kutsogolo kwa mphamvu ya kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kumakhala kosavuta kumvetsetsa, kukhala ndi mphamvu imodzi yolamulira ekseli pamene ziwongolero zina zimakhala zomveka.

Mu dongosolo muyezo, injini ili longitudinally kutsogolo, ndi kufala lili pansi pa galimoto pakati pa dalaivala ndi okwera. Mtsinje wa cardan umadutsa mumsewu womangidwa m'nyumba. Magalimoto angapo amasewera, monga Mercedes SLS AMG, ali ndi kufalikira kumbuyo kwa bokosi la gear kumbuyo, koma makonzedwe awa ndi ovuta mwaukadaulo ndipo amangopezeka pamagalimoto apamwamba othamanga. Magalimoto okhala ndi injini yakumbuyo, ma gudumu akumbuyo amagwiritsanso ntchito gearbox yakumbuyo yomwe imayika zolemetsa zonse pama gudumu kuti azikoka kwambiri.

Kugwira ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amakonda magudumu akumbuyo. Makhalidwe a kagwiridwe kake ndi olosera koma amoyo kwambiri. Magalimoto oyendetsa ma gudumu akumbuyo amatha kupangidwa kuti asinthe kukhala makona mosavuta. Ena amawona izi ngati vuto, ena amawakonda kwambiri kotero kuti masewera onse amoto amamangidwa pa mfundo iyi. Kuthamangitsidwa ndi mtundu wokhawo wamasewera oyendetsa magalimoto pomwe madalaivala amaweruzidwa pamayendedwe osati kuthamanga. Mwachindunji, iwo amaweruzidwa momwe angakhoze kulamulira oversteer ya galimoto yawo m'makona ndi momwe angapezere makoma ndi zopinga zina popanda kuwagunda.

Oversteer ili ngati espresso. Anthu ena sangakhale opanda mzimuwo, pamene ena amadzimva kuti alibe mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchulukirachulukira kumakupatsirani kuwawa kwa m'mimba, ndipo kuwonongeka komwe kumatsatira mukachita mopambanitsa kungakupangitseni kuganiziranso zomwe mumayika patsogolo.

Magalimoto akulu akulu akulu ngati BMW M5 kapena Cadillac CTS-V amagwiritsa ntchito ma wheel kumbuyo kuti magalimoto akulu azithamanga kwambiri. Ngakhale ma gudumu onse amagwiranso ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, amathandizanso kuti aziyenda mochepera kuposa magudumu akumbuyo. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu kwa magalimoto olemera omwe amafunikira kuwongolera chakuthwa kwambiri kuti athe kukhota mwachangu popanda kuyendetsa movutikira.

Ubwino wama wheel drive

• Kugwira molondola ngati mawilo akutsogolo sasuntha mphamvu pansi ndikutaya mphamvu.

• Kulemera kopepuka kutsogolo, kuphatikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu pamawilo akutsogolo, kumatanthauza kuti pali mwayi wochepa kwambiri wa understeer.

• Kukonzekera mwachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuthetsa mavuto kukhala kosavuta. Malo a phokoso kapena kugwedezeka ndikosavuta kudziwa pamene kufalikira konseko kukuyenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo motsatira mzerewu.

Kuipa kwa gudumu lakumbuyo

• Kusayenda bwino m'misewu yoterera chifukwa cholemera kwambiri pamawilo oyendetsa. Madalaivala ena amaika zikwama zamchenga pamagudumu awo akumbuyo m'nyengo yozizira kuti achepetse mtunda wa gasi ndikuwongolera bwino.

• Anthu ena amatsutsa kuti magudumu akumbuyo atha ntchito, ponena za kupita patsogolo kwa magudumu onse ndi kutsogolo komwe kumawapangitsa kuchita chimodzimodzi. Nthawi zina, magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo amapangidwa kuti agwire nostalgia. Izi ndizochitika ndi Ford Mustang ndi Dodge Challenger.

• Ngati kumbuyo-gudumu galimoto yoyendetsa kumbuyo ali ndi chitsulo chamoyo kumbuyo, ndiko kuti, chitsulo chogwira ntchito popanda kuyimitsidwa paokha, ndiye chiwongolero kungakhale kovuta komanso wovuta.

Kodi magudumu akumbuyo ndi oyenera pazosowa zanu?

• Madalaivala omwe amakhala m'dera lofunda lomwe silimagwa mvula yamphamvu sangakumane ndi zovuta zambiri zamagalimoto akumbuyo.

• Amene akufuna sporty kumverera akhoza kukwaniritsa izi ngakhale kumbuyo gudumu pagalimoto sanali masewera galimoto.

• Kuwongolera mawilo akumbuyo okha, m'malo mwa mawilo onse, kumapereka chuma chabwinoko chamafuta kuposa magudumu anayi ndipo kumapereka mathamangitsidwe abwinoko pa liwiro.

Magudumu anayi

Magudumu anayi akhala akutchuka kwambiri pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi. Poyamba, opanga ankaganiza kuti magudumu onse amakopa makamaka omwe akufuna kuyenda kunja kwa msewu. M'malo mwake, adapeza kuti anthu ambiri amakonda momwe ma 200xXNUMX amachitira panjira ndi misewu yafumbi yothamanga kwambiri. Misonkhano, yomwe imachitika nthawi zambiri kunja kwa msewu, yatenga magudumu anayi mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa mpikisano wa rally udapangidwa kuti uthamangitse magalimoto omwe anthu wamba amatha kugula kuchokera pagawo, opanga adayenera kupanga magalimoto amasewera a XNUMXWD kuchokera kufakitale kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakugonana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuti galimoto ipikisane pa mpikisano wothamanga, wopanga amayenera kupanga magalimoto angapo pachaka kwa ogula. Sedans monga "Mitsubishi Lancer" ndi "Subaru Impreza" anapangidwa ambiri, pamene liwiro Gulu B magalimoto monga Ford RSXNUMX anapangidwa ochepa ndithu.

Izi zakakamiza opanga magalimoto kuti agwiritse ntchito magudumu onse pamagalimoto awo amasewera. Zinatanthawuzanso kuti makina oyendetsa bwino, opepuka onse adapangidwa kuti azikhala opikisana. Masiku ano, kuyendetsa magudumu onse ndi chinthu chokhazikika pa chilichonse kuyambira ngolo zamagalimoto mpaka ma supercars. Ngakhale Ferrari wagwiritsa ntchito magudumu anayi mu magalimoto awiri otsiriza.

Kodi ntchito?

Ma wheel-wheel drive amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto apatsogolo. Ngakhale kuti Audi ndi Porsche akupanga ma wheel-drive onse omwe alibe injini yokwera kutsogolo, chiwerengero cha magalimoto omwe malongosoledwewa akugwiritsidwa ntchito akadali ochepa. M'magalimoto okhala ndi injini yakutsogolo, pali njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zamagalimoto anayi:

Dongosolo lomwe limagawira mphamvu mofanana kwambiri limaphatikizapo kusamutsa mphamvu kudzera mu kutengera kusiyanitsa kwapakati. Izi ndizofanana ndi ma wheel wheel drive makonzedwe, okhawo omwe ali ndi driveshaft yothamanga kuchokera pakatikati mpaka kusiyanitsa kutsogolo. Pankhani ya Nissan Skyline GT-R, galimoto yosowa ku US, chitsanzo choyambira chinalidi galimoto yoyendetsa gudumu lakumbuyo. Dongosolo la Audi Quattro limagwiritsanso ntchito masanjidwe awa. Kugawa mphamvu pakati pa ma axle awiriwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala 50/50 kapena kukomera mawilo akumbuyo mpaka 30/70.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa masanjidwe a ma gudumu onse uli ngati galimoto yakutsogolo. Injiniyo imalumikizidwa ndi kufala, yomwe ili m'nyumba yomweyi monga kusiyana kwa kutsogolo ndi ma axles. Kuchokera pagululi pamabwera shaft ina yopita ku diff yakumbuyo. Honda, MINI, Volkswagen ndi ena ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ofanana ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Dongosolo lamtunduwu nthawi zambiri limakonda mawilo akutsogolo, ndi chiŵerengero cha 60/40 kukhala chapakati pamagalimoto apamwamba kwambiri. Machitidwe ena amatumiza mphamvu yochepera 10% kumawilo akumbuyo pamene mawilo akutsogolo sakuzungulira. Chuma chamafuta chimayenda bwino ndi dongosololi ndipo chimalemera pang'ono kuposa njira ina.

Phindu loyendetsa magudumu onse

• Kuthamanga kumatheka bwino potumiza mphamvu kumawilo onse. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito akunja kwanjira komanso m'misewu yoyipa. Imawonjezeranso mathamangitsidwe pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri.

• Mwina zambiri zosunthika kufala masanjidwe. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe ma XNUMXxXNUMXs amatchuka ndi ma tuner komanso okonda kumapeto kwa sabata ndikuti amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana panjira komanso kunja.

• Nyengo imakhala yochepa kwambiri pamene galimoto yanu imatha kutumiza mphamvu ku mawilo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Chipale chofewa ndi mvula ndizosavuta kukwera.

Zoyipa zamagalimoto onse

• Kuyenda bwino m’misewu yoterera kungachititse dalaivala kudzidalira mopambanitsa m’kuima kapena kutembenuka, zomwe nthaŵi zambiri zimachititsa ngozi.

• Chuma chamafuta ndi choyipa kuposa njira zina.

• Zolemera. Zambiri zimatanthawuza kulemera kwambiri ngakhale mutadula bwanji.

• Zambiri zimatanthawuza zinthu zambiri zomwe zitha kusokonekera. Kuti zinthu ziipireipire, palibe njira yeniyeni yoyendetsera magudumu onse, kotero kuti mbali zake sizingasinthidwe monga momwe zimakhalira pamagalimoto akumbuyo.

• Zosazolowereka zogwirira ntchito; wopanga aliyense ali ndi quirks zake mu dipatimenti iyi. Komabe, machitidwe ena a XNUMXWD ndi osavuta kuthana nawo, pomwe ena ndi osadziwika bwino (makamaka pambuyo posinthidwa).

Kodi magudumu onse ndi oyenera zosowa zanu?

• Aliyense amene amakhala m’dera lomwe kuli chipale chofewa kwambiri, ayenera kuganizira mozama za galimoto yoyendetsa mawilo anayi. Kutsekeredwa mu chipale chofewa kungakhale koopsa makamaka m’madera akumidzi.

• Iwo omwe amakhala m'malo otentha, owuma safuna magudumu onse kuti atengeke, koma ndimakondabe mawonekedwe ake. Ngakhale mafuta amafuta akuipiraipira.

• Nthawi zambiri ma wheel wheel mu mzinda amakhala osowa. Komabe, ma XNUMXxXNUMX ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala abwino m'mizinda yachisanu ngati Montreal kapena Boston.