Momwe mungatsukitsire ndi kupakitsiranso mayendedwe a magudumu

Chonyamulira magudumu chiyenera kutsukidwa ndikumangirizidwanso ngati pali vuto la tayala, kugaya matayala kapena kugwedezeka kwa chiwongolero.

Chiyambireni kupangidwa kwa magalimoto amakono, zonyamula magudumu zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wina kulola matayala ndi magudumu kuti azizungulira momasuka pamene galimoto ikupita patsogolo kapena kumbuyo. Ngakhale kuti ntchito yomanga, kapangidwe kake, ndi zinthu zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano n’zosiyana kwambiri ndi zaka za m’mbuyomo, mfundo yaikulu yakuti mafuta odzola mafuta amayenera kugwira ntchito bwino adakalipobe.

Mapiritsi amagudumu amapangidwira moyo wautali wautumiki; komabe, m'kupita kwa nthawi amataya mafuta awo chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kapena zinyalala zomwe mwanjira ina zimafika pakati pa gudumu pomwe zili. Ngati sizinayeretsedwe ndi kupakidwanso, zimatha ndipo zimayenera kusinthidwa. Ngati atasweka kwathunthu, zipangitsa kuphatikiza kwa magudumu ndi matayala kugwa kuchokera mgalimoto mukuyendetsa, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri.

Chaka cha 1997 chisanafike, magalimoto ambiri ogulitsidwa ku United States anali ndi mkati ndi kunja kwa gudumu lililonse, zomwe nthawi zambiri zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wa makilomita 30,000 aliwonse. "Kusamalira kwaulere" mayendedwe a magudumu amodzi, opangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo moyo wa mayendedwe a magudumu popanda kufunikira kokonza, pamapeto pake adatuluka pamwamba.

Ngakhale kuti magalimoto ambiri pamsewu ali ndi mtundu watsopano wa magudumu, magalimoto akale amafunikirabe kukonzedwa, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa ndi kudzaza magudumu atsopano ndi girisi. Opanga magalimoto ambiri amavomereza kuti kulongedzanso ndi kuyeretsa mawilo kuyenera kuchitika pa mtunda wa makilomita 30,000 aliwonse kapena zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti pakapita nthawi mafuta amataya mafuta ambiri chifukwa cha ukalamba komanso kutentha. Zimakhalanso zofala kwambiri kuti dothi ndi zinyalala zilowe m'nyumba yonyamula magudumu, mwina chifukwa cha fumbi lophwanyika kapena zowononga zina pafupi ndi gudumu.

Tidzalozera ku malangizo anthawi zonse oyeretsera ndi kulongedzanso ma gudumu omwe sanavale. M'magawo omwe ali pansipa, tifotokoza za zizindikiro za gudumu lowonongeka. Ngati muwona chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi, ndi bwino kusintha ma berelo m'malo moyeretsa zakale. Ndibwinonso kuti mugule bukhu lautumiki la galimoto yanu kuti mupeze njira zenizeni zopezera ndikusintha chigawochi pa galimoto yanu chifukwa chikhoza kusiyana pakati pa magalimoto.

Gawo 1 la 3: Kuzindikiritsa Zizindikiro Za Dothi Kapena Kuvala M'magalimoto A Magudumu

Pamene gudumu lonyamulira limadzazidwa bwino ndi mafuta, limayenda momasuka ndipo silimapanga kutentha kwakukulu. Mapiritsi amalowetsedwa mkati mwa gudumu, lomwe limamangiriza gudumu ndi tayala ku galimotoyo. Chigawo chamkati cha gudumu chimamangiriridwa ku shaft yoyendetsa (pa kutsogolo, kutsogolo kumbuyo ndi magalimoto anayi) kapena imazungulira momasuka pazitsulo zosayendetsedwa. Pamene gudumu kunyamula kulephera, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mafuta mkati mwa gudumu lonyamula nyumba.

Ngati gudumu lawonongeka, limasonyeza zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimachenjeza mwini galimotoyo kuti asinthe ma gudumu m'malo mongowayeretsa ndi kuwapakiranso. Kuvala Kwamatayala Kwachilendo: Pamene gudumu lonyamula magudumu likumasuka kapena kutha, zimapangitsa kuti tayala ndi gudumu zisayende bwino pakatikati. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu mkati kapena kunja kwa tayala. Pali zovuta zamakina zingapo zomwe zimatha kukhalanso ndi zizindikiro zofananira, kuphatikiza matayala ochulukira kwambiri kapena osakwera kwambiri, ma CV ophatikizika, owonongeka owopsa kapena ma struts, komanso kusalinganika koyimitsidwa.

Ngati mukukonzekera kuchotsa, kuyeretsa ndi kukonzanso mayendedwe a magudumu ndipo mukupeza kuti matayala awonongeka kwambiri, ganizirani kusintha ma gudumu ngati njira yodzitetezera. Phokoso lakupera kapena kubangula kuchokera m’dera la matayala: Chizindikirochi chimayamba chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komwe kwachuluka mkati mwa gudumu lonyamulira magudumu komanso kutayika kwa mafuta. Phokoso lakupera ndi kukhudzana kwachitsulo ndi zitsulo. Nthawi zambiri, mumamva phokoso kuchokera kumbali imodzi ya galimoto chifukwa ndizosowa kwambiri kuti magudumu kumbali zonse ziwiri amatha nthawi imodzi. Ngati muwona chizindikiro ichi, musayeretse ndi kukonzanso mayendedwe a magudumu; sinthani onse awiri pa ekseli imodzi.

Kugwedezeka kwa gudumu: Pamene mayendedwe a magudumu awonongeka, gudumu ndi tayala zimamasuka kwambiri pamtunda. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chiwongolero chigwedezeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwongolero chigwedezeke pamene galimoto ikuthamanga. Mosiyana ndi mavuto oyendetsa matayala omwe nthawi zambiri amawonekera pa liwiro lapamwamba, kugwedezeka kwa chiwongolero chifukwa cha kutha kwa magudumu kumawonekera pa liwiro lotsika ndipo pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezeka pamene galimoto ikuthamanga.

Zimakhalanso zofala kwambiri kuti galimoto ikhale ndi gudumu ndi zovuta zothamanga pamene magudumu a ma axles amawonongeka. Mulimonsemo, zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi zikawoneka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisinthe ma gudumu, chifukwa kuyeretsa ndi kukonzanso sikungathetse vutoli.

Gawo 2 la 3: Kugula Zonyamula Magudumu Abwino

Ngakhale makina ambiri ochitira masewera nthawi zambiri amayang'ana mitengo yabwino pazigawo zolowa m'malo, zonyamula magudumu sizinthu zomwe mungafune kuziyika pazigawo kapena mtundu wazinthu. Kunyamula magudumu kuli ndi udindo wothandizira kulemera kwa galimotoyo, komanso kulimbikitsa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto m'njira yoyenera. Ma gudumu olowa m'malo ayenera kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zabwino komanso kuchokera kwa opanga odalirika. Nthawi zambiri, njira yabwino ndi kugula mayendedwe OEM. Komabe, pali opanga angapo amsika omwe apanga zida zapadera zomwe zimaposa zofanana ndi OEM.

Nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukukonzekera kuyeretsa ndi kukonzanso mayendedwe anu, ganizirani kuchita izi poyamba kuti mupulumutse nthawi, khama, ndi ndalama pamapeto pake.

Khwerero 1: Yang'anani zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunika kosintha ma wheel bearings.. Magudumu onyamula magudumu ayenera kukhala mogwira ntchito, oyera, opanda zinyalala, zisindikizo ziyenera kukhala zonse ndikugwira ntchito moyenera.

Kumbukirani lamulo lagolide la mayendedwe a magudumu: mukakayikira, m'malo mwake.

Gawo 2: Lumikizanani ndi dipatimenti ya magawo opanga magalimoto.. Zikafika pama gudumu, nthawi zambiri njira ya OEM ndiyabwinoko.

Pali opanga ochepa omwe amapanga zinthu zofananira, koma OEM imakhala yabwino kwambiri pama gudumu.

Khwerero 3: Onetsetsani kuti zigawo zolowa m'malo zikugwirizana ndi chaka chenichenicho, kupanga, ndi chitsanzo.. Mosiyana ndi zomwe sitolo yanu yosungiramo magalimoto inganene, si ma gudumu onse ochokera kwa wopanga yemweyo omwe ali ofanana.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti mukupeza gawo lomwe mukufuna kuti mulowe m'malo mwa chaka, kupanga, chitsanzo komanso nthawi zambiri chepetsa mulingo wagalimoto yomwe mukuyiyendetsa. Komanso, mukagula ma bearings olowa m'malo, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osindikizira omwe akulimbikitsidwa. Zambirizi mutha kuzipeza m'mabuku a eni ake agalimoto yanu.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, zonyamula magudumu amakumana ndi katundu waukulu. Ngakhale kuti amayesedwa kuti azitha kupitirira makilomita 100,000, ngati satsukidwa nthawi zonse ndi kupakidwanso, amatha kutha msanga. Ngakhale atawasamalira ndi kuwakonza mosalekeza, amatopa pakapita nthawi. Lamulo lina la chala chachikulu ndikusintha ma wheel bearing nthawi zonse pamakilomita 100,000 aliwonse ngati gawo la kukonza komwe kumakonzedwa.

Gawo 3 la 3: Kuyeretsa ndikusintha ma wheel bearings

Ntchito yoyeretsa ndi kukonzanso mayendedwe a magudumu ndi ntchito yomwe amakanika ambiri sakonda kuchita pa chifukwa chimodzi chophweka: ndi ntchito yosokoneza. Kuti muchotse zitsulo zamagudumu, ziyeretseni ndikuzidzazanso ndi mafuta, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti galimotoyo yakwezedwa komanso kuti muli ndi malo okwanira ogwirira ntchito pansi ndi kuzungulira gudumu lonse. Nthawi zonse tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa ndi kunyamula mayendedwe a magudumu pa ekisi imodzi tsiku lomwelo kapena pautumiki womwewo.

Kuti mugwire ntchitoyi, muyenera kusonkhanitsa zinthu zotsatirazi:

Zida zofunika

• Chitani cha brake cleaner
• Chovala choyera cha shopu
• zowononga mosabisa
• cholumikizira
• Jack wayimirira
• Spanner
• Pliers - chosinthika ndi singano-mphuno
• Zikhomo za cotter zosinthika
• Kusintha kwa zisindikizo zamkati zamafuta a ma wheel bearings
• Kusintha ma wheel bearings
• Magalasi otetezera
• Magolovesi oteteza a latex
• Gudumu lokhala ndi mafuta
• Zovuta zamagudumu

• Seti ya makiyi ndi mitu

• KupewaYankho: Nthawi zonse ndi bwino kugula ndikuwunikanso buku la ntchito zamagalimoto zamapangidwe anu, chaka, ndi mtundu wanu kuti mumalize ntchitoyi. Mukawunikiranso malangizo enieni, pitilizani ngati muli otsimikiza 100% kuti mumaliza ntchitoyi. Ngati simukutsimikiza za kuyeretsa ndi kukonzanso mayendedwe anu, funsani wina wamakaniko athu ovomerezeka a ASE kuti akuchitireni izi.

Masitepe ochotsa, kuyeretsa ndi kupakitsanso ma wheel mayendedwe ndi osavuta kwa makanika wodziwa zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mutha kupanga gudumu lililonse kunyamula mkati mwa maola awiri kapena atatu. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri za ekisi imodzi panthawi yomweyi (kapena musanalowenso mgalimoto). Masitepe ali m'munsimu ndi ACHIWIRI mwachilengedwe, choncho nthawi zonse tchulani bukhu lautumiki kuti mudziwe zenizeni ndi ndondomeko.

Gawo 1: Chotsani zingwe za batri. Magalimoto ambiri ali ndi masensa omwe amamangiriridwa ku mawilo (ABS ndi speedometer) omwe amayendetsedwa ndi batire.

Nthawi zonse amalangizidwa kuti athetse zingwe za batri musanachotse zigawo zilizonse zomwe zili ndi magetsi. Chotsani ma terminals abwino ndi oyipa musananyamule galimoto.

Khwerero 2: Kwezani galimoto pamalo okwera ma hydraulic kapena ma jacks.. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wokweza ma hydraulic, gwiritsani ntchito.

Ntchitoyi ndiyosavuta kuichita mutayima. Komabe, ngati mulibe chokwezera cha hydraulic, mutha kuyendetsa ma gudumu poyimitsa galimotoyo. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito ma wheel chock pamawilo ena omwe sanakwezedwe, ndipo nthawi zonse mukweze galimotoyo ndi ma jack pa ekisi imodzi.

Khwerero 3: Chotsani gudumu pakhoma. Galimotoyo ikakwezedwa, yambani mbali imodzi ndikumalizitsa musanapitirire kwina.

Gawo loyamba apa ndikuchotsa gudumu kuchokera pakhoma. Gwiritsani ntchito wrench yamphamvu ndi socket kapena torx wrench kuti muchotse mtedza wa lug pa gudumu. Izi zikachitika, chotsani gudumu ndikuliyika pambali ndikutalikirana ndi malo anu antchito.

Khwerero 4: Chotsani brake caliper pakhoma.. Kuti muchotse malo apakati ndikuyeretsa ma gudumu, muyenera kuchotsa brake caliper.

Popeza galimoto iliyonse ndi yapadera, njira yake ndi yapadera. Tsatirani masitepe omwe ali m'buku lanu lautumiki pochotsa ma brake caliper. OSATI KUCHOTSA mizere yamabuleki panthawiyi.

Khwerero 5: Chotsani kapu yakunja yamagudumu.. Mukachotsa ma brake calipers ndi ma brake pads, kapu yonyamula magudumu iyenera kuchotsedwa.

Musanachotse gawo ili, yang'anani chisindikizo chakunja pachivundikiro kuti chiwonongeke. Ngati chisindikizo chathyoledwa, izi zikusonyeza kuti gudumu lonyamula magudumu lawonongeka mkati. Chisindikizo chamkati cha gudumu chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri, koma ngati chivundikiro chakunjachi chawonongeka, chiyenera kusinthidwa. Muyenera kupitiliza kugula ma fani atsopano ndikusintha ma mayendedwe onse pa ekisi imodzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulasi osinthika, gwirani mbali za chivindikirocho ndikugwedezani pang'onopang'ono mpaka chisindikizo chapakati chisweke. Mukatsegula chisindikizo, chotsani chivundikirocho ndikuyika pambali.

• Ntchito: Makaniko wabwino nthawi zambiri amatsatira njira imene imamuthandiza kuti ziwalo zonse zisamayende bwino. Langizo loti muyang'ane ndikupanga pad rag pad pomwe mumayika zidutswazo pamene zikuchotsedwa ndikuchotsedwa. Izi sizimangothandiza kuchepetsa magawo otayika, komanso zimathandizira kukukumbutsani za dongosolo loyika.

Khwerero 6: Chotsani pini yapakati. Mukachotsa kapu yonyamulira gudumu, nati yapakati ndi pini ya cotter idzawoneka.

Monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzi pamwambapa, muyenera kuchotsa pini ya cotter iyi musanachotse gudumu pa nsonga. Kuti muchotse pini ya cotter, gwiritsani ntchito pliers mphuno za singano kupindika piniyo mowongoka, kenako gwirani mbali ina ya pini ya cotter ndi pliers ndikukokera mmwamba kuti muchotse.

Ikani pambali pini ya cotter, koma nthawi zonse isintheni ndi yatsopano nthawi zonse mukatsuka ndi kupakitsanso ma gudumu.

Khwerero 7: Chotsani mtedza wapakati.. Kuti mumasulire mtedza wapakati, mufunika soketi yoyenera ndi ratchet.

Masulani mtedzawo ndi socket ndi ratchet ndipo masulani pamanja natiyo pa nsonga yopota. Ikani mtedza pa chiguduli chofanana ndi pulagi yapakati kuti muwonetsetse kuti satayika kapena kutayika. Mtedza ukachotsedwa, muyenera kuchotsa nsongayo kuchokera pa spindle.

Palinso mtedza ndi zotengera zakunja zomwe zimachokera ku spindle pamene mukuchotsa hub. Chovala chamkati chidzakhala chokhazikika mkati mwa hub pamene mukuchichotsa. Kokani kachipangizo ka spindle mukachotsa nati, ndipo ikani makina ochapira ndi magudumu akunja atanyamula chiguduli chofanana ndi mtedza ndi chivundikiro.

Khwerero 8: Chotsani chisindikizo chamkati ndi ma gudumu. Makaniko ena amakhulupirira chinyengo chakale "ikani mtedza pa chopondera ndikuchotsa gudumu lamkati", koma iyi si njira yabwino yochitira izi.

M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito screwdriver ya flathead kuti mufufuze mosamala chisindikizo chamkati kuchokera mkati mwa gudumu. Chisindikizocho chikachotsedwa, gwiritsani ntchito nkhonya kuti mutulutse thumba lamkati kuchokera pakatikati. Mofanana ndi zidutswa zina zomwe mudachotsa, ikani pa chiguduli chomwecho pamene sitepeyi yatha.

Khwerero 9: Tsukani zitsulo zamagudumu ndi zopota. Njira yabwino yoyeretsera mayendedwe a magudumu ndi ma axle spindle ndikuchotsa mafuta onse akale ndi chiguduli kapena matawulo amapepala otaya. Izi zitenga nthawi ndipo zitha kukhala zosokoneza, choncho onetsetsani kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito magolovesi a latex kuti muteteze manja anu ku mankhwala.

Mafuta onse owonjezera akachotsedwa, muyenera kupopera mafuta otsuka mowolowa manja mkati mwa mayendedwe a magudumu kuti muchotse zinyalala zamkati mwa "magudumu". Onetsetsani kuti mwamaliza sitepe iyi ya mkati ndi kunja. Ma gudumu amkati ndi akunja, gudumu lamkati ndi nsonga ya magudumu ayeneranso kutsukidwa ndi njirayi.

Khwerero 10: Dzazani ma bere, spindle ndi malo apakati ndi mafuta.. Sikuti mafuta onse ndi ofanana, choncho nthawi zonse muyenera kufufuza ngati mafuta omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito ndi oyendetsa magudumu. Mafuta a Tier 1 Moly EP ndioyenera kugwiritsa ntchito izi. Kwenikweni, mukufuna kuyika mafuta atsopano pamakona onse a gudumu lonyamula mbali zonse. Izi zitha kukhala zosokoneza kwambiri ndipo, mwanjira ina, sizigwira ntchito bwino.

Kuti mumalize sitepe iyi, pali zidule zingapo. Kuti munyamule mayendedwe a magudumu, ikani zonyamula zoyera mkati mwa thumba la pulasitiki lotsekera zipi limodzi ndi mafuta ochulukirapo a magudumu atsopano. Izi zimakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mafuta mu gudumu laling'ono lililonse ndikunyamula popanda kuchititsa chisokonezo kunja kwa malo ogwirira ntchito. Chitani izi kwa ma mayendedwe amkati ndi akunja Khwerero 11: Ikani mafuta atsopano pa nsonga yamagudumu..

Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi mafuta owoneka pambali yonse ya spindle, kuyambira kutsogolo mpaka mbale yotsalira.

Khwerero 12: Ikani mafuta atsopano mkati mwa gudumu.. Onetsetsani kuti m'mphepete mwa kunja kwatsekedwa kwathunthu musanalowetse mkati ndikuyika gasket yatsopano yosindikizira.

Khwerero 13: Ikani cholembera chamkati ndi chisindikizo chamkati. Izi zizikhala zophweka popeza malowo ayeretsedwa.

Mukasindikiza chisindikizo chamkati kuti chilowe m'malo mwake, chimadina pamalo ake.

Mukalowetsa mkati, mukufuna kuyika mafuta ochulukirapo mkati mwa magawowa, monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzi pamwambapa. Ikani chisindikizo chamkati pambuyo poti dera lonselo litadzazidwa ndi mafuta atsopano.

Khwerero 14: Ikani malo opangira, chotengera chakunja, chochapira ndi mtedza.. Izi ndi n'zosiyana ndi kufufutidwa, kotero masitepe ambiri ndi motere.

Tsegulani chimbalangondo chakunja chapakati pakatikati ndikuyika chochapira kapena chosungira kuti muyanjanitse chimbalangondo chakunja pakatikati. Ikani mtedza wapakati pa spindle ndikumangitsani mpaka dzenje lapakati likulumikizana ndi dzenje la spindle. Pini yatsopano yayikidwa apa. Ikani pini ya cotter ndikupinda pansi kuti muchirikize chopondera.

Khwerero 15 Sakanizani rotor ndi kanyumba kuti muwone phokoso ndi kusalala.. Mukanyamula bwino ndikuyika zoyera zoyera, muyenera kusuntha momasuka popanda kumva phokoso.

Iyenera kukhala yosalala komanso yaulere.

Khwerero 16: Ikani ma brake calipers ndi mapepala.

Gawo 17: Ikani gudumu ndi tayala.

Gawo 18: Malizitsani mbali ina yagalimoto.

Gawo 19: Tsitsani galimoto.

Khwerero 20: Torque mawilo onse awiri mpaka makokedwe ovomerezeka ndi opanga..

Khwerero 21: Ikaninso zingwe za batri..

Gawo 22: Onani kukonza. Tengani galimotoyo kukayesako kwakanthawi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti galimotoyo imakhotera kumanzere ndi kumanja mosavuta.

Muyenera kumvetsera mwatcheru zizindikiro zilizonse zakupera kapena kudina chifukwa izi zingasonyeze kuti ma bearings sanakwezedwe mwachindunji pakatikati. Ngati muwona izi, bwererani kunyumba ndikuwonanso njira zonse pamwambapa.

Ngati mwawerenga malangizowa, werengani buku lautumiki, ndipo ganizirani kuti ndibwino kusiya ntchitoyi kwa katswiri, funsani makina ovomerezeka a AvtoTachki ASE kuti akuyeretseni ndi kukupakiranso ma gudumu.