Kugwirizana kwa Antifreeze
Zamkatimu
Kugwirizana kwa Antifreeze amapereka kusakaniza zosiyanasiyana kuzirala zamadzimadzi (OZH). ndiko, makalasi osiyana, mitundu ndi specifications. Komabe, muyenera kuwonjezera kapena kusakaniza zoziziritsa kukhosi zosiyanasiyana mogwirizana ndi tebulo la antifreeze. Ngati tinyalanyaza zomwe zaperekedwa pamenepo, ndiye kuti zoziziritsa zomwe zimatuluka sizingafanane ndi miyezo ndipo sizingafanane ndi ntchito zomwe zapatsidwa (kuteteza makina oziziritsa amkati kuti asatenthedwe), ndipo poyipa kwambiri, zingayambitse dzimbiri. Pamwamba pa mbali imodzi ya dongosolo, kuchepetsa moyo wa mafuta a injini ndi 10 ... 20%, kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta mpaka 5%, chiopsezo cholowa m'malo mwa mpope ndi zotsatira zina zosasangalatsa.
Mitundu ya antifreezes ndi mawonekedwe awo
Kuti mumvetse ngati n'zotheka kusakaniza antifreeze, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino momwe thupi ndi mankhwala zimayenderana ndi njira zosakaniza zakumwa zomwe zatchulidwazi. Ma antifreeze onse amagawidwa mu ethylene glycol ndi propylene glycol. Komanso, ethylene glycol antifreezes amagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Pa gawo la mayiko a Soviet Union, zomwe zimasiyanitsa antifreezes ndi chikalata choperekedwa ndi Volkswagen ndi code TL 774. C, F, G, H ndi J. Encoding yomweyi imatchedwa malonda G11, G12, G12+, G12 ++, G13. Umu ndi momwe madalaivala nthawi zambiri amasankha antifreeze galimoto yawo m'dziko lathu.
Mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi miyezo ndi malamulo awoawo. Ngati ku Russian Federation iyi ndi GOST yodziwika bwino, ndiye ku USA ndi ASTM D 3306, ASTM D 4340: ASTM D 4985 (antifreezes ethylene glycol-based) ndi SAE J1034 (propylene glycol-based), zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala. zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kwa England - BS6580: 1992 (pafupifupi yofanana ndi G11 yotchulidwa ku VW), ya Japan - JISK 2234, ya France - AFNORNFR 15-601, ya Germany - FWHEFTR 443, ya Italy - CUNA, ya Australia - ONORM.
Chifukwa chake, antifreezes ethylene glycol nawonso amagawidwa m'magulu angapo. kutanthauza:
- Chikhalidwe (ndi inorganic corrosion inhibitors). Mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a Volkswagen, amasankhidwa kukhala G11. Dzina lawo lapadziko lonse lapansi ndi IAT (Inorganic Acid Technology). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina omwe ali ndi mitundu yakale ya injini zoyaka mkati (makamaka zomwe zigawo zake zimapangidwa makamaka ndi mkuwa kapena mkuwa). Moyo wawo wautumiki ndi 2 ... 3 zaka (kawirikawiri utali). Mitundu ya antifreeze iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yobiriwira kapena yabuluu. Ngakhale Zowonadi, mtunduwo sukhudzana mwachindunji ndi katundu wa antifreeze. Chifukwa chake, munthu amatha kungoyang'ana pang'ono pamthunzi, koma osavomereza ngati chowonadi chenicheni.
- Carboxylate (ndi organic inhibitors). Mafotokozedwe a Volkswagen amasankhidwa VW TL 774-D (G12, G12 +). Nthawi zambiri, amakhala ndi utoto wofiira wowala, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi lilac-violet (mafotokozedwe a VW TL 774-F / G12 +, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kampaniyi kuyambira 2003). Mayiko apadziko lonse lapansi ndi OAT (Organic Acid Technology). Moyo wautumiki wa zozizira zotere ndi 3 ... 5 zaka. Mbali ya antifreeze ya carboxylate ndi yakuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto atsopano omwe poyamba adapangidwa kuti azizizira. Ngati mukufuna kusinthira ku antifreeze ya carboxylate kuchokera yakale (G11), ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kuziziritsa kaye ndi madzi, kenako ndikuthiranso antifreeze. komanso kusintha zisindikizo zonse ndi mapaipi mu dongosolo.
- Zophatikiza. Dzina lawo ndi chifukwa chakuti antifreezes zotere zimakhala ndi mchere wa carboxylic acid ndi mchere wamchere - kawirikawiri silicates, nitrites kapena phosphates. Ponena za mtundu, zosankha zosiyanasiyana zimatheka pano, kuchokera kuchikasu kapena lalanje kupita ku buluu ndi zobiriwira. Mayiko apadziko lonse lapansi ndi HOAT (Hybrid Organic Acid Technology) kapena Hybrid. Ngakhale kuti wosakanizidwa amaonedwa kuti ndi oipa kuposa carboxylate, opanga ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito antifreezes (mwachitsanzo, BMW ndi Chrysler). ndicho, mfundo za BMW N600 69.0 makamaka chimodzimodzi ndi G11. komanso pamagalimoto a BMW mafotokozedwe a GS 94000 akugwira ntchito. Kwa Opel - Opel-GM 6277M.
- Lobrid (matchulidwe apadziko lonse lapansi - Lobrid - Osakanizidwa Otsika kapena SOAT - Silicon yolimbikitsa Organic Acid Technology). Amakhala ndi ma organic corrosion inhibitors ophatikizana ndi ma silicon. Iwo ndi apamwamba ndipo ali ndi machitidwe abwino kwambiri. Komanso, moyo wa antifreezes ndi zaka 10 (zomwe nthawi zambiri zikutanthauza moyo wonse wa galimoto). Imakumana ndi VW TL 774-G / G12++. Ponena za mtundu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira, ofiirira kapena a lilac.
Komabe, zamakono komanso zapamwamba kwambiri masiku ano ndi propylene glycol-based antifreezes. Mowa umenewu ndi wabwino kwa chilengedwe komanso anthu. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu kapena lalanje mumtundu (ngakhale pangakhale zosiyana zina).
Zaka zovomerezeka za miyezo yosiyanasiyana ndi zaka
Kugwirizana kwa antifreeze pakati pawo
Mukathana ndi zomwe zidalipo komanso mawonekedwe ake, mutha kupita ku funso lomwe ma antifreeze angasakanizidwe, komanso chifukwa chake mitundu ina yomwe yatchulidwa sayenera kusakanikirana konse. Lamulo lofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndilo kuwonjezera kumaloledwa (kusakaniza) antifreezes a osati kalasi imodzi yokha, komanso opangidwa ndi wopanga yemweyo (chizindikiro). Ndi chifukwa chakuti ngakhale kufanana kwa zinthu za mankhwala, mabizinesi osiyanasiyana amagwiritsabe ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana, njira ndi zina pa ntchito yawo. Chifukwa chake, zikasakanizidwa, kusintha kwamankhwala kumatha kuchitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakhazikika kwa zoteteza zomwe zimatuluka.
| Antifreeze kuti muwonjezere | Antifreeze mu dongosolo lozizira | ||||
| G11 | G12 | G12 + | G12 ++ | G13 | |
| G11 | |||||
| G12 | |||||
| G12 + | |||||
| G12 ++ | |||||
| G13 | |||||
Zindikirani kuti magulu ena a antifreeze Mfundo sizigwirizana pamodzi! Mwachitsanzo, makalasi ozizira G11 ndi G12 sangasakanizidwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusakaniza makalasi G11 ndi G12 +, komanso G12 ++ ndi G13 amaloledwa. Ndikoyenera kuwonjezera apa kuti kuwonjezera ma antifreezes a makalasi osiyanasiyana kumaloledwa kokha chifukwa cha kusakaniza kwa nthawi yochepa. Ndiko kuti, ngati palibe madzimadzi abwino m'malo. Langizo lachilengedwe ndikuwonjezera mtundu wa antifreeze G12+ kapena madzi osungunuka. Koma mukapeza mpata woyamba, muyenera kutsuka makina ozizirira ndikudzaza choziziritsa chomwe wopanga amalimbikitsa.
ndimakondanso ambiri ngakhale "Tosol" ndi antifreeze. Tiyankha funsoli nthawi yomweyo - NDI ZOSATHEKA kusakaniza zoziziritsa kukhosi izi ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi zatsopano zamakono. Ichi ndi chifukwa mankhwala zikuchokera "Tosol". Popanda kulowa mwatsatanetsatane, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti madziwa adapangidwa nthawi imodzi kwa ma radiator opangidwa ndi mkuwa ndi mkuwa. Izi ndi zomwe automakers ku USSR anachita. Komabe, m'magalimoto amakono akunja, ma radiator amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu. Chifukwa chake, ma antifreeze apadera akupangidwira iwo. Ndipo zikuchokera "Tosol" ndi zoipa kwa iwo.
Musaiwale kuti sikuloledwa kuyendetsa galimoto kwa nthawi yaitali pa kusakaniza kulikonse, ngakhale zomwe sizingawononge dongosolo lozizira la injini yoyaka mkati mwa galimoto. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti osakaniza sichigwira ntchito zotetezaomwe amapatsidwa antifreeze. Choncho, m'kupita kwa nthawi, dongosolo ndi zinthu zake payekha akhoza kukhala dzimbiri, kapena pang'onopang'ono kupanga chuma chawo. Choncho, mwamsanga mpata, m'pofunika kusintha choziziritsa kukhosi, mutatha kutsuka makina ozizirira ndi njira zoyenera.
Momwe mungachotsere makina oziziritsa injini?
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Popitiriza mutu wa kuwotcha makina ozizira, ndi bwino kufotokoza mwachidule za kugwiritsa ntchito kuganizira. Chifukwa chake, ena opanga zida zamakina amalimbikitsa kuyeretsa masitepe ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito antifreeze. Mwachitsanzo, mutatha kutsuka makinawo ndi othandizira oyeretsa, MAN imalimbikitsa kuyeretsa ndi 60% yokhazikika pagawo loyamba, ndi 10% yachiwiri. Pambuyo pake, lembani zoziziritsa 50% zomwe zikugwira kale ntchito munjira yozizirira.
Komabe, mwaukadaulo kudzakhala koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndikusakaniza ma antifreeze amenewo tsatirani kulolerana kwa wopanga galimoto yanu (osati amene atengedwa ndi Volkswagen, ndipo akhala pafupifupi muyezo wathu). Chovuta apa chagona, choyamba, pakufufuza zofunikira izi. Ndipo chachiwiri, si phukusi lonse la antifreeze lomwe likuwonetsa kuti limathandizira kutsimikizika kwina, ngakhale izi zitha kukhala choncho. Koma ngati n'kotheka, tsatirani malamulo ndi zofunikira zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga galimoto yanu.
Kugwirizana kwa antifreeze ndi mtundu
Tisanayankhe funso ngati n'zotheka kusakaniza antifreeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana, tiyenera kubwerera ku matanthauzo a makalasi antifreezes. Kumbukirani kuti pali malamulo omveka bwino okhudza mtundu wanji uwu kapena madziwo akhale, ayi. Komanso, opanga payekha ali ndi kusiyanitsa kwawo pankhaniyi. Komabe, mbiri yakale, ma antifreeze ambiri a G11 ndi obiriwira (buluu), G12, G12 + ndi G12 ++ ndi ofiira (pinki), ndipo G13 ndi achikasu (lalanje).
Choncho, zochita zina ziyenera kukhala ndi magawo awiri. Poyamba, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mtundu wa antifreeze umagwirizana ndi kalasi yomwe tafotokozazi. Apo ayi, muyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi zomwe zaperekedwa mu gawo lapitalo. Ngati mitundu ikugwirizana, ndiye kuti muyenera kulingalira mofananamo. Ndiko kuti, simungathe kusakaniza zobiriwira (G11) ndi zofiira (G12). Ponena za zosakaniza zonse, mutha kusakaniza bwino (zobiriwira ndi zachikasu ndi zofiira ndi zachikasu, ndiye kuti, G11 ndi G13 ndi G12 ndi G13, motsatana). Komabe, pali kusiyana pano, popeza ma antifreezes a magulu a G12 + ndi G12 ++ amakhalanso ndi ofiira (mtundu wa pinki), koma amathanso kusakanikirana ndi G11 ndi G13.
Kugwirizana kwa Antifreeze
Payokha, ndi bwino kutchula "Tosol". Mu Baibulo tingachipeze powerenga, amabwera mu mitundu iwiri - buluu ( "Tosol OZH-40") ndi wofiira ( "Tosol OZH-65"). Mwachibadwa, mu nkhaniyi ndizosatheka kusakaniza zakumwa, ngakhale kuti mtunduwo ndi woyenera.
Ndipo yesetsani kusakaniza antifreezes omwe sali a gulu lomwelo, komanso amamasulidwa pansi pa dzina lomwelo. Izi zidzatsimikiziranso kuti palibe zowopsa za mankhwala. komanso, musanawonjezere antifreeze imodzi kapena ina ku dongosolo kuzirala injini ya galimoto yanu, mukhoza kupanga mayeso ndi fufuzani madzimadzi awiriwa ngakhale.
Momwe mungayang'anire kugwirizana kwa antifreeze
Kuwona kugwirizana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya antifreeze sikuli kovuta nkomwe, ngakhale kunyumba kapena mu garaja. Zowona, njira yomwe yafotokozedwa m'munsiyi sipereka chitsimikizo cha 100%, koma mowoneka ndizothekabe kuwunika momwe choziziritsira chimodzi chingagwire ntchito mu chisakanizo chimodzi ndi china.
ndicho, njira yotsimikizira ndi kutenga chitsanzo cha madzi omwe ali pakali pano mu galimoto yozizira ya galimoto ndikusakaniza ndi yomwe ikukonzekera kuti ikhale yowonjezera. Mutha kutenga chitsanzo ndi syringe kapena kugwiritsa ntchito dzenje la antifreeze.
Mukakhala ndi chidebe chokhala ndi madzi kuti muwunike m'manja mwanu, onjezani pafupifupi kuchuluka komweko kwa antifreeze komwe mukufuna kuwonjezera padongosolo, ndikudikirira mphindi zingapo (pafupifupi 5 ... 10 mphindi). Zikachitika kuti chiwawa chamankhwala sichinachitike panthawi yosakaniza, chithovu sichinawonekere pamwamba pa osakaniza, ndipo matope sanagwe pansi, ndiye kuti antifreezes satsutsana. Kupanda kutero (ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zatchulidwazi zikuwonekera), ndikofunikira kusiya lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito antifreeze yomwe tatchulayi ngati madzi owonjezera. Kuti muyesedwe moyenera, mutha kutentha kusakaniza mpaka madigiri 80-90.
Malangizo onse owonjezera antifreeze
Pomaliza, nazi mfundo zina zokhuza kuwonjezera, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kuti woyendetsa galimoto aliyense adziwe.
- Ngati galimoto ikugwiritsidwa ntchito radiator yamkuwa kapena yamkuwa yokhala ndi midadada yachitsulo ya ICE, ndiye kuti antifreeze ya gulu losavuta kwambiri la G11 (nthawi zambiri imakhala yobiriwira kapena yabuluu, koma izi ziyenera kufotokozedwa pa phukusi) iyenera kutsanuliridwa munjira yake yozizira. Chitsanzo chabwino cha makina amenewa ndi VAZ zoweta za zitsanzo tingachipeze powerenga.
- Pankhani pamene radiator ndi zinthu zina za galimoto mkati mwa injini kuyaka injini kuzirala ndi aluminium ndi ma aloyi ake (ndipo magalimoto ambiri amakono, makamaka magalimoto akunja, ndi otero), ndiye ngati "ozizira" muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito antifreezes apamwamba kwambiri a G12 kapena G12 + makalasi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pinki kapena lalanje. Pamagalimoto atsopano, makamaka masewera ndi otsogolera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya lobrid antifreeze G12 ++ kapena G13 (zidziwitso izi ziyenera kufotokozedwa muzolemba zaukadaulo kapena m'buku).
- Ngati simukudziwa kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zatsanuliridwa pakali pano, ndipo mulingo wake watsika kwambiri, mutha kuwonjezera kapena mpaka 200 ml ya madzi osungunuka kapena G12+ antifreeze. Zamadzimadzi zamtunduwu zimagwirizana ndi zoziziritsira zonse zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa.
- Kwakukulukulu, pantchito yayifupi, mutha kusakaniza antifreeze iliyonse, kupatula Tosol yapanyumba, ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi, ndipo simungathe kusakaniza G11 ndi G12 antifreezes. Zolemba zawo ndizosiyana, kotero kuti zochita za mankhwala zomwe zimachitika panthawi yosakaniza sizingangowonjezera chitetezo cha zozizira zomwe zatchulidwa, komanso kuwononga zisindikizo za rabara ndi / kapena ma hoses mu dongosolo. Ndipo kumbukirani zimenezo simungathe kuyendetsa kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya antifreeze! Yatsani makina ozizirira mwachangu ndikudzazanso ndi antifreeze yomwe wopanga galimoto yanu amavomereza.
- Njira yabwino yowonjezerera (kusakaniza) antifreeze ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuchokera pachitini chomwecho (mabotolo). Ndiye kuti, mumagula chidebe chachikulu, ndikudzaza gawo lokhalo (momwe dongosolo limafunikira). Ndipo ena onse amadzimadzi kapena sitolo mu garaja kapena kunyamula nanu mu thunthu. Chifukwa chake simungapite molakwika ndi kusankha kwa antifreeze kuti muwonjezere. Komabe, chitini chikatha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitha kuziziritsira injini yoyaka mkati musanagwiritse ntchito antifreeze yatsopano.
Kutsatira malamulo osavutawa kumakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge makina oziziritsa a injini yamoto yamkati akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Komanso, kumbukirani kuti ngati antifreeze sagwira ntchito zake, ndiye kuti izi zimadzaza ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta, kuchepa kwa moyo wa mafuta a injini, chiopsezo cha dzimbiri m'kati mwa zigawo za dongosolo lozizira, mpaka chiwonongeko.
