Common Rail dongosolo mu injini dizilo - kuona mfundo ntchito

Mu 1936, injini ya dizilo idawonekera koyamba pagalimoto yopanga Mercedes-Benz. Tsopano injini za dizilo zamakono zili ndi mapangidwe osiyana kwambiri, ndipo ntchito yawo ndi Common Rail. Ichi n'chiyani? Iyi ndi njira yoperekera galimotoyo ndi mafuta. Mosiyana ndi injini za petulo, injini za dizilo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa jekeseni wolunjika wa mafuta a dizilo mu chipinda choyaka moto. Common Rail ndi imodzi mwamapangidwe aposachedwa kwambiri komanso chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakupanga injini zoyatsira moto. Zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Werengani nkhani yathu!

Dizilo jakisoni dongosolo - mbiri ya chitukuko

M'magawo oyambilira oyatsira, mafuta amabayidwa mu silinda limodzi ndi mpweya. Ma air compressor ndiwo adayambitsa izi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mapampu amafuta othamanga kwambiri komanso olondola kwambiri adapangidwa, ndipo ma prechamber okhala ndi jekeseni wosalunjika adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga injini zamagalimoto. Njira zinanso: 

• masika nozzles;
• jekeseni pompa;
• jekeseni wa piezo;
• ma electromagnetic nozzles;
• Battery mafuta dongosolo.

M'malembawo, ndithudi, tidzakambirana za otsiriza a iwo, i.e. za Common Rail system.

Dizilo injini ndi jekeseni mpope - mfundo ntchito dongosolo

Poyambirira, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuyatsa kwa injini za dizilo kumachitika pansi pa kuthamanga kwambiri ndipo sikufuna kuwala kwakunja, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi injini zamafuta. Kuphatikizika kwapamwamba kwambiri ndikofunikira, ndipo mafuta ayenera kuperekedwa mopanikizika kwambiri. Pampu yojambulira imatha kugawidwa m'magawo kuti ipereke mafuta ku silinda inayake. Pogwiritsa ntchito pistoni yogawa, adapanga mlingo womwe umagawidwa m'mutu kudzera mumizere yosiyana yamafuta.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito injini ya dizilo

Chifukwa chiyani ogwiritsa ntchito amakonda mayunitsi a dizilo? Choyamba, ma injiniwa amapereka chikhalidwe chabwino kwambiri chogwirira ntchito ndi mafuta ochepa (poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi oyaka moto). Iwo sangafike pamahatchi ochititsa chidwi ngati amenewa, koma amatulutsa torque yayikulu. Imayamba kale pa liwiro la injini yotsika, kotero ndizotheka kusunga mayunitsi m'malo otsika awa amtundu wa rev. Ma injini wamba wanjanji ndi mitundu ina ya jakisoni wa dizilo nawonso ndi olimba kwambiri.

Common Rail System - imasiyana bwanji ndi omwe adatsogolera?

Mu injini za dizilo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pano, majekeseniwa ankagwira ntchito motsogoleredwa ndi mpope wa jekeseni. Zina mwazosiyana zinali zojambulira pampu, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi pistoni zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yamafuta. Jekeseni wamba wanjanji amagwira ntchito mosiyana ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito njanji yotchedwa njanji. Mmenemo, mafuta amadziunjikira pansi pa kuthamanga kwambiri (kuposa 2000 bar), ndipo jekeseni imachitika mutalandira chizindikiro chamagetsi chogwiritsidwa ntchito pamphuno.

Common Rail - imapatsa injini chiyani?

Kodi kuzungulira koteroko kwa jekeseni wamafuta mu chipinda choyatsira kumakhala ndi zotsatira zotani pagalimoto? Phindu limabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amalowetsedwa mu silinda. Kupeza mipiringidzo pafupifupi 2000 pamphuno kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga chifunga chamafuta chomwe chimasakanikirana bwino ndi mpweya. Kuwongolera kwamagetsi kwa mphindi yokweza singano kumathandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito magawo a jakisoni. ndiziyani?

Injini ya njanji wamba komanso nthawi yojambulira mafuta

Ma injini amakono a njanji ali ndi magawo 5 a jakisoni. Mu injini zapamwamba kwambiri, pali 8. Zotsatira za njira iyi yoperekera mafuta ndi yotani? Kugawanika kwa jekeseni mu magawo kumafewetsa ntchito ya injini ndikuchotsa kugogoda kwa khalidwe. Izi zimathandizanso kuyaka bwino kwambiri kwa osakaniza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini ikhale yabwino. Zimapanganso zinthu zochepa za NOx, zomwe zachotsedwa mu injini za dizilo m'njira zosiyanasiyana pazaka zambiri.

Mbiri yama injini wamba wanjanji

Ma injini oyambira a Common Rail adayambitsidwa m'magalimoto onyamula anthu ndi Fiat. Awa anali mayunitsi olembedwa a JTD omwe adakwaniritsa miyezo ya Euro 3. Ngakhale inali injini yaukadaulo, idapangidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo idatsimikizika kukhala yodalirika. Masiku ano, 1.9 JTD ndi 2.4 JTD mayunitsi ndi ofunika kwambiri pamsika wachiwiri, ngakhale kuti zaka zoposa 24 zapita kuchokera kutulutsidwa kwa Common Rail Fiat yoyamba.

Njanji wamba mu injini zamagalimoto

Komabe, Fiat sanali wopanga woyamba padziko lapansi kukhazikitsa wamba njanji. Galimoto iyi idapangidwa ndi mtundu wa Hino. Iyi ndi kampani yaku Japan yomwe imapanga magalimoto ndipo ili pansi pa Toyota. Mu chitsanzo chake cha Ranger, 7,7-lita (!) Unit inakhazikitsidwa, yomwe, chifukwa cha jekeseni yamakono, inapanga 284 hp. A Japan adayambitsa galimotoyi mu 1995 ndikugonjetsa Fiat ndi zaka ziwiri.

Jekeseni Wachindunji - Dizilo wamba wa Sitimayi ndi Mafuta Amafuta

Apa ndi pamene chimodzi mwa zovuta za mtundu uwu wa mapangidwe amadziwonetsera. Uku ndi kukhudzika kwakukulu kwa ma jekeseni ku mtundu wamafuta. Ngakhale zonyansa zing'onozing'ono zomwe fyuluta yamafuta singagwire imatha kutseka mabowo. Ndipo awa ndi miyeso yaying'ono, chifukwa kuthamanga kwamafuta sikukakamiza kupanga ma perforations akulu akulu. Choncho, aliyense mwini galimotoyo ndi Common Rail, muyenera kusamalira mafuta a dizilo pa malo otsimikiziridwa. Muyeneranso kusamala ndi mafuta ambiri a sulfation, omwe amawononga majekeseni.

The Common Rail dongosolo mu injini ndi kuipa kwake

Chimodzi mwazovuta zomwe tanena kale ndikuti njira yoperekera mafuta ku injini imakukakamizani kugula mafuta apamwamba kwambiri. Pamagawo amagetsi ndi makina ena amafuta, m'malo mwa fyuluta yamafuta nthawi zambiri pamafunika kusintha kwamafuta a injini ya 2 kapena 3. Ndi Common Rail, simungadikire nthawi yayitali. Kusamalira mafuta kumakhala kokwera mtengo, chifukwa pafupifupi nthawi zonse muyenera kufika pa fyuluta yatsopano.

Mafuta a Dizilo wamba a Sitima yapamtunda ndi Mtengo Wokonza

Ichi ndi chifukwa china chimene muyenera kusamalira khalidwe la mafuta mu dizilo. Kukonzanso, kuphatikiza kuyeretsa majekeseni wamba wanjanji, kumawononga pafupifupi ma euro 10 pachidutswa chilichonse. Ngati m'malo ndi kofunika, mwatsoka mudzakhala mukudabwa kosasangalatsa. Mtengo wa buku limodzi ukhoza kupitirira ma euro 100. Inde, zimadalira mtundu wa galimoto. Muzovuta kwambiri, muyenera kulipira zidutswa 4. Kwa injini za V6 kapena V8, kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka moyenerera.

Kodi majekeseni a njanji amatha nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Funsoli ndi lochititsa chidwi kwambiri kwa ogula magalimoto ochokera kumsika wachiwiri. Palibe zachilendo. Kupatula apo, akufuna kugula galimoto posachedwa yomwe sidzafunikira kusinthika kwa jekeseni. Opanga amati majekeseni a Common Rail adzayenda pafupifupi makilomita 200-250 popanda kuwonongeka. Zowona, izi ndi zongoyerekeza ndipo simungathe kumamatira kwa iwo. Kwa magalimoto ambiri, mtunda uwu wadutsa kale, ndipo palibe zizindikiro zoonekeratu za kuwonongeka. M'magalimoto ena, zimachitika kuti pambuyo pa 100 XNUMX kapena mtunda wochulukirapo, muyenera kusintha nozzle imodzi kapena seti yonse.

Momwe mungadziwire kuwonongeka kwa majekeseni wamba wanjanji?

Sizophweka monga momwe zilili ndi mayunitsi akale. Ma dizilo atsopano ali ndi makina ambiri omwe amawongolera mpweya wabwino (kuphatikiza DPF). Dongosololi limalepheretsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wambiri kuthawira kunja. Chifukwa chake, jekeseni wamba wotayirira wa njanji angayambitse kuchuluka kwa utsi. Pamagalimoto opanda DPF, ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha jekeseni yowonongeka. Chizindikiro china chowopsa ndizovuta kuyambitsa injini ya Common Rail pambuyo pa nthawi yayitali yosagwira ntchito, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Ntchito ya unit imasintha, ndipo injini yokha imatulutsa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu ndi phokoso losakhala lachilengedwe. Yankho losakayikira lingaperekedwe poyang'ana kusefukira kapena diagnostics mu utumiki.

Momwe mungasamalire majekeseni a njanji wamba mu injini? Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta otsimikiziridwa okha, sinthani fyuluta yamafuta pafupipafupi, ndipo musayese "zozizwitsa" zamadzimadzi zomwe majekeseni amayenera kupangidwanso. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kungakhale kosagwirizana ndi zomwe akufuna. Kusamalira ma nozzles anu kumatalikitsa moyo wawo ndipo mutha kupewa mtengo wosatsika kwambiri wosinthira.