Matayala odzaza nthawi yozizira - chitsimikizo chogwira muzochitika zilizonse?

Kwa zaka zoposa 70, anthu okhala ku chilumba cha Scandinavia akhala akulimbana ndi mavuto a nyengo yozizira panjira, pogwiritsa ntchito matayala opangidwa mwapadera okhala ndi malo opangira zitsulo. Iwo amasinthidwa pang'ono "matayala achisanu" koma kugwira ndi kulimba mtima pa malo oundana sikungafanane. Komabe, m'dziko lathu sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito movomerezeka nthawi zonse, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pamalo ena kumatha kuchepetsa chitetezo cha pamsewu.

Tayala lophimbidwa ndi chinthu chopangidwa kuchokera ku Northern Europe.

Ngakhale matayala abwino kwambiri opangidwa kuchokera kumagulu apadera a rabara amangolimbana ndi mavuto monga ayezi kapena matalala odzaza pang'ono. Ngakhale kuti kupondako kumapangidwira mwapadera kuti apereke "kumamatira" bwino kwambiri mu chipale chofewa (kupyolera mu zomwe amatchedwa sipes), imakhala yopanda mphamvu pamaso pa madzi oundana. Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti m’mayiko amene kugwa matalala ndi matalala, matayala okhala ndi matayala amakhala otchuka kwambiri. Kuyesera kwapangidwa kwa zaka zambiri ndi chiwerengero ndi kutalika kwa spikes, koma masiku ano nthawi zambiri zimakhala 60 mpaka 120 ndipo zimakhala zazikulu kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 15 mm.

Matayala odzaza - amapangidwa bwanji?

Ngakhale amafanana ndi matayala wamba, matayala okhala ndi sipes amakhala ochepa. Nthawi zambiri, amalemera pafupifupi 2 magalamu ndipo amakhala mpaka 15 mm kutalika, ngakhale m'magalimoto amafika mpaka 30 mm. Zitsulo zimayikidwa mu tayala pambuyo pa vulcanization, zomwe zimawalola kuti azigwedezeka nthawi zambiri, chifukwa panthawi ya opaleshoni amatha kutayika kapena kuwonongeka. Kuonjezera apo, kamangidwe kake kasinthidwa m’njira yoti tayala lisathe msanga chifukwa cha nyengo. Ndi chiyani chinanso chosiyana ndi "dzinja"?

Tayala yodzaza - zosintha zina

Kusiyana kwina komwe kumapangitsa matayala achisanu ndi zipilala kukhala nthawi yayitali ndi, mwa zina, kupondaponda kwakukulu, komwe kumalola kulekanitsa bwino kwazitsulo zazitsulo kuchokera ku thupi la stud. Ngati mphira wa mphira panthawiyi anali woonda kwambiri, amatha kuwonongeka mofulumira, chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimasamutsidwa, komanso zochita za mchere zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti misewu ikhale yabwino. Zotsatira zake, malamba achitsulo amawononga mwachangu, zomwe zidzachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa tayala. Kuonjezera apo, mphamvu zamphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa mwachindunji ku malamba poyendetsa pa asphalt zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa makina.

Kodi spike imakonzedwa bwanji?

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri za matayala oterowo, zomwe khalidwe lawo labwino kwambiri pamsewu limadalira, ndizitsulo zazitsulo kuchokera ku zidutswa 60 mpaka 120. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi aluminiyamu, chitsulo, kapena thupi lapulasitiki lomwe limazungulira nsonga yeniyeni yopangidwa ndi tungsten carbide yolimba kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti thupilo limakhala losakanikirana ndi tayalalo, ndiye nsonga ya tungsten yomwe imatulukamo ndi pafupifupi 1,5mm. Chimphona cha matayala ku Finland Nokian chavumbulutsa zosinthika zokhala ndi zipilala zosunthika zomwe zimalola kuyendetsa bwino panjira youma.

Momwe matayala omangika amagwirira ntchito

Ngakhale kuti zipilala zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kuti galimoto isamagwire bwino chipale chofewa komanso madzi oundana, zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ntchito zake zimakhala zofanana nthawi zonse. Kulikonse kumene phulalo uli poterera, zitsulo zachitsulo zimakoka bwino kwambiri kuti musanyengerere. Komabe, zomwe zili zabwino kwa dalaivala sizili zabwino kwenikweni kwa momwe zinthu zilili pamtunda - makamaka poyendetsa misewu yafumbi, yomwe imawononga mwachangu kwambiri zikagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikuloledwa m'maiko onse, ndipo m'maiko ambiri kumakhala koletsedwa.

Norway, Finland - ndi kuti komwe mungakwere matayala odzaza?

M'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane momwe matayala otsekedwa amaloledwa. M'mayiko ena, matayalawa amakhala ndi ndalama zolipiridwa chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa mizinda, angafunike zizindikiro zapadera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyengo yachisanu. Pakati pa mayiko omwe spikes amaloledwa ndi Italy, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Austria, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia ndi Spain. M'malo ambiri, njira yoyera ndiyomwe misewu yachisanu imaloledwa nthawi yonse yachisanu. Poland siili mwa iwo.

Matayala odzaza m'dziko lathu - akuwoneka bwanji?

Poland ndi amodzi mwa mayiko omwe amatchedwa misewu yakuda yakuda, i.e. omwe oyang'anira misewu amakakamizika kuti azikhala akuda nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Choncho, misewu m'dziko lathu nthawi zonse imachotsedwa chipale chofewa ndikuwaza mchere ndi mchenga, zomwe - ngakhale sizotsika mtengo - zimatsimikizira chitetezo chapamwamba kwa ogwiritsa ntchito msewu. Pazifukwa izi, palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera m'misewu yathu, kupatula matayala am'nyengo yozizira, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ma studs nthawi zonse ndikoletsedwa.

Kodi malamulo amati chiyani za matayala otsekedwa?

Kukwera matayala odzaza m'misewu ya anthu ndikoletsedwa m'dziko lathu. Lamuloli limatchula za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa "zinthu zotsutsana ndi zotsalira zokhazikika" ndipo kuphwanya kwake kulangidwa ndi chindapusa cha 10 euro ndikusunga kwakanthawi chiphaso cholembetsa. Njira yokhayo yovomerezeka yogwiritsira ntchito ma studs m'misewu ya anthu onse ndi kutenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano wokonzekera kapena mpikisano wachisanu ndi chilolezo choyambirira cha woyang'anira msewu chomwe adalandira ndi wokonzekera.

Matayala odzaza ndi njira yabwino, ngakhale si yabwino

Pambuyo pakusilira koyamba kwa matayala odzaza, masiku ano kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumakhala kovomerezeka komanso koletsedwa. Akuluakulu a mayiko ambiri afika poganiza kuti ndi bwino kuchotsa misewu ya chipale chofewa kusiyana ndi kukwera mtengo wokonzanso phula la phula. Chifukwa chake, matayala oterowo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mikhalidwe yocheperako komanso mkati mwa malire oyenera. Iwo sali angwiro, koma amapereka chitetezo pamisewu yachisanu.