Mapangidwe a matayala agalimoto - zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza ntchito ya gawo lililonse la tayala

Matayala ndi mbali zokha za galimoto zomwe zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi nthaka yomwe timayendetsa. Ayenera kukhala amphamvu kuti athe kuthana ndi tokhala ndi maenje kapena miyala ikuluikulu ndi yaing'ono. Ayenera kupirira galimoto yolemera matani angapo ndikuyenda pa liwiro la 200 km/h. Ngakhale kuti si aliyense amene akudziwa za izo, ali ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri. Kodi mumakonda kupanga matayala agalimoto? Werengani nkhani yathu kuti mudziwe zambiri za izo!

Kupanga matayala - kuponda kwa matayala ndikofunikira

Matayala opanda machubu omwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano adayambira mu 1947. Kenako adayambitsidwa ndipo akukonzedwanso mpaka lero. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chopondapo, chomwe chimapanga 80 peresenti ya pamwamba pa tayala. Ndi iye amene ali ndi udindo wokhazikika komanso kugwira chiwongolero poyendetsa. Ma track ali amitundu itatu:

• zosiyana;
• asymmetric;
• kuwongolera.

Matayala onse amakono ndi osakaniza a mphira wachilengedwe komanso wopangidwa, komanso mpweya wakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, silika ndi, mwachitsanzo, utomoni amawonjezeredwa. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi kuchuluka, tili ndi uthenga woyipa kwa inu - opanga onse amasunga chinsinsi ichi, safuna kuti deta yeniyeniyi igwere m'manja mwa omwe akupikisana nawo. Chifukwa msika wamatayala agalimoto ndi waukulu ndipo mpikisano ndi wopeza phindu la mamiliyoni mazana ambiri. Komabe, kwa madalaivala, iyi ndi nkhani yabwino - mukamawononga ndalama zambiri pakuwongolera matayala, kuyendetsa bwino komanso kulimba mtima kumakhala, mosasamala kanthu za momwe zinthu zilili.

Mbali ya matayala

Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri pakupanga matayala ndi khoma lake. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku nyama yopangidwa kale komanso mphira (yosinthika kwambiri kuposa kupondaponda). Cholinga cha chinthu ichi ndikuteteza chimango kuti chisawonongeke ndi kugwedezeka, komanso kuonjezera chitonthozo cha galimoto. Izi zimakhudzanso kusamutsa katundu.

Nthawi yomweyo, chidziwitso chofunikira kwa madalaivala chimayikidwa pambali pa tayala:

• kukula
• katundu index;
• liwiro index;
• tsiku la kupanga tayala;
• wopanga matayala ndi dzina lachitsanzo.

phazi

Dzina lake laukadaulo ndi wapansi, ngakhale ambiri amachitcha kolala. Mosasamala dzina, imagwira ntchito yofunika pa gudumu lililonse lagalimoto. Ili ndi udindo wokhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa tayala ndi rimu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pankhani yachitetezo cha pamsewu. Phazi lili ndi chitsulo chachitsulo komanso lili ndi chingwe cha rabara. Izi zimakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo cha matayala chifukwa cha kupanikizika kowonjezereka kuchokera kulemera kwa galimotoyo.

mpira wa ng'oma

Pankhani yomanga matayala, waya wa mikanda sayenera kuyiwalika. Ntchito yake ndi kusunga matayala pamphepete mwa mkombero. Zoonadi, amapangidwa ndi mawaya achitsulo, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa muzitsulo ndikuphatikizidwa mu mkanda wa tayala. Nthawi zambiri mawaya awiri amkanda amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amakutidwa ndi nsonga ya nayiloni. Izi zimakhudza kufalikira kwa katundu wokwera kwambiri kudzera m'matayala agalimoto popanda chiopsezo chophulika.

Kodi mtembo ndi chiyani ndipo mtembo wa tayala ndi chiyani?

Mtembowo si kanthu kena koma wosanjikiza wozungulira tayalalo. Ili pamwamba. Kutengera wopanga ndi kukula kwa tayalalo, lili ndi zigawo zingapo kapena zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri za waya woonda kwambiri. Amakonzedwa mwa diagonally ndipo amamatira chimodzi pambuyo pa chimzake. Izi ndi zofunika kupanga wandiweyani maukonde a makona atatu. Ntchito ya nyama ndi kupereka tayala kukana kuthamanga kwambiri ndi mphamvu centrifugal kuchita pa izo, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa poyendetsa galimoto. Amachepetsa kutentha kwa matayala. Zikafika pakuvala kwambiri, ndiye wosanjikiza uyu yemwe amawonekera poyamba. Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga matayala.

Mtembo wa tayala ndi mtembo. Imagawidwa m'mitundu yozungulira, momwe maziko ake amakhala radially, ndi diagonal, momwe maziko ali crosswise. Ichi ndi chinthu chopangidwa kuchokera kumagulu ambiri a zingwe, ntchito yake ndikulumikiza mbali ya phewa la tayala ndi malo ake akutsogolo. Pansi pake nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi nsalu za nsalu ndipo, malingana ndi wopanga ndi kukula kwake, akhoza kukhala amodzi, awiri kapena atatu. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya chinthu ichi ndikusunga mawonekedwe olondola a tayala. Zimatengera mtundu wa kuchira ngati tayalalo lidzakhala losagwirizana ndi kupotoza (limatha kuwoneka panthawi yothamanga kapena kuwotcha) komanso kutentha kwambiri. Chosanjikiza ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa matayala ndi mtundu wake, ndipo pankhani yomanga matayala, ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa opanga matayala. 

Chosanjikiza chosindikizira ndi chinthu chofunikira chomangika

Chisindikizo chosindikizira, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti mkanda, chimakhala mkati mwa tayala ndipo ndi gawo lalikulu la tayala. Monga momwe mungaganizire, ntchito yake ndi kuteteza tayala kuti madzi kapena mpweya usalowe mkati. Chosanjikizachi chimalimbana ndi ma oxidants komanso ma acid ndi maziko. Ndi iye amene ali m'malo makamera amene kale ntchito matayala galimoto. Mukayang'ana pamapangidwe a tayala, mudzazindikira mwamsanga kuti mkandawo umapangitsa kuti tayala lisagwedezeke komanso limapereka chitetezo.

Chitetezo poyendetsa galimoto

Kuyendetsa pamalo osiyanasiyana, matayala abwino amakutetezani. Samalani kupondaponda, pamwamba pa matayala ndi mphira wosanjikiza. Zimakhudzanso ntchito, kuyendetsa galimoto komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Tisaiwale za kuchuluka kwa phokoso lopangidwa ndi matayala onse. Komabe, ikakhala yaying'ono, imakhala yabwino kwambiri panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto. Musanapitilize kukwera, fufuzani mmene matayalawo alili—kulimba kwa matayala, mmene zingwe zachitsulo zilili, ndiponso kuvala konyansa kulikonse. Izi zikugwira ntchito ku matayala a nyengo zonse, chilimwe ndi chisanu. Zonsezi, ngakhale zimamangidwa mosiyana, zimakhala ndi zofanana, ndipo mapangidwe a tayala samasiyana kwambiri.

Tayala lagalimoto ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri lokhala ndi zigawo zingapo. Onsewa ali ndi ntchito yawoyawo - ndi viscose, ndi poliyesitala, ndi lamella ali ndi udindo pa chinthu china, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimakhudza chitonthozo choyendetsa galimoto. Komanso chitetezo, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri pankhani ya matayala agalimoto. Mayankho apangidwe ndi apamwamba, koma opanga mwina sananene mawu omaliza. Pankhani yomanga matayala, mosakayikira tidzadabwa koposa kamodzi. Pogula matayala atsopano, samalani osati kukula kwa matayala okha, komanso matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.