Fyuluta ya Particulate. Kudula kapena ayi?
Zosefera za dizilo za Turbo nthawi zambiri zimavulaza kwambiri kuposa zabwino, ndikuwonjezera ndalama zambiri. Kawirikawiri amadulidwa, koma iyi si njira yabwino yothetsera.
Mbiri ya zosefera zamagalimoto, zomwe zimagwira zinthu kuchokera ku mpweya wotayira - mwaye ndi phulusa, zidayamba mu 1985. Anali ndi ma turbodiesel atatu-lita pa Mercedes, omwe adagulitsidwa ku California. Kuyambira 2000, iwo akhala muyezo magalimoto ku French nkhawa PSA, ndipo m'zaka zotsatila anali kwambiri ntchito magalimoto zopangidwa zina. Zosefera zamtunduwu zomwe zimayikidwa mu makina otulutsa dizilo zimatchedwa DPF (kuchokera ku Chingerezi "diesel particulate filter") kapena FAP (kuchokera ku French "filter particles").
Miyezo iwiri yosiyana yatengera zosefera za dizilo. Yoyamba ndi zosefera zouma, zomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito madzi owonjezera kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa mwaye. Kuyaka kumachitika poyang'anira jekeseni moyenerera ndi kupereka mafuta ochulukirapo panthawi yoyenera kuti atulutse kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wambiri ndikuwotcha zowononga zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mu fyuluta. Yachiwiri muyezo ndi chonyowa Zosefera, imene wapadera madzi dosed pa nthawi kuyaka kwa mpweya utsi amachepetsa kuyaka kutentha kwa madipoziti mu fyuluta. Pambuyo pakuwotcha nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo majekeseni omwewo omwe amapereka mafuta ku injini. Opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito jekeseni wowonjezera wopangidwa kuti ayeretse fyuluta poyatsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Mwachidziwitso, chirichonse chikuwoneka bwino. Tinthu ta mwaye ndi phulusa zimalowa mu fyuluta, ndipo ikadzazidwa pamlingo woyenera, zamagetsi zimasonyeza kufunika kowotcha zowononga. Majekeseniwa amapereka mafuta ochulukirapo, kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumakwera, mwaye ndi phulusa zimayaka, ndipo zonse zimabwerera mwakale. Komabe, izi zimangochitika pamene galimoto ikuyenda mumsewu wosintha - mumzinda ndi kunja kwa msewu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti njira yowotcha fyuluta imafuna mphindi zingapo kuyendetsa pa liwiro lokhazikika, lokwera kwambiri, zomwe zingatheke pamsewu waukulu. Mumzinda mulibe mwayi wotero. Ngati galimotoyo imangoyendetsedwa kwa mtunda waufupi, kutenthedwa kwamoto sikudzatha. Fyulutayo imadzaza kwambiri, ndipo mafuta ochulukirapo amatsika pansi pamakoma a silinda mu crankcase ndikuchepetsa mafuta a injini. Mafuta amakhala ochepa thupi, amataya katundu wake ndipo mlingo wake umakwera. Mfundo yakuti fyuluta ikufunika kuwotchedwa imasonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha kuwala pa dashboard. Simungathe kunyalanyaza, ndi bwino kutuluka kunja kwa tawuni ndikuyenda ulendo wautali pa liwiro lovomerezeka. Ngati sititero, mudzayenera kupita kumalo operekera chithandizo kukawotcha fyuluta mu msonkhano ndikusintha mafuta ndi atsopano.
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Kulephera kutsatira izi kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu - kutsekeka kwathunthu kwa fyuluta ya particulate (injini imangoyenda mwadzidzidzi, fyulutayo iyenera kusinthidwa) ndi kuthekera kwa "kupukuta" kapena kudzaza kwathunthu kwa injini. Timawonjezera kuti mavuto ndi fyuluta amawoneka pa mtunda wosiyana, malingana ndi chitsanzo cha galimoto ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito. Nthawi zina fyuluta imagwira ntchito bwino ngakhale pambuyo pa makilomita 250-300 zikwi, nthawi zina imayamba kuchita zodabwitsa pambuyo pa makilomita zikwi zingapo.
Madalaivala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto kuyenda mtunda waufupi. Magalimoto nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popita kuntchito kapena kusukulu kokha. Ndi ogwiritsa ntchitowa omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi fyuluta ya particulate. Kuwononga mawebusayiti ndikuwononga zikwama zawo, ndiye sizodabwitsa kuti akufunafuna njira yochotsera zosefera zoyipa. Palibe vuto ndi izi, chifukwa msika wasintha kuti ukhale weniweni ndipo malo ogulitsa ambiri amapereka ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo kudula chinthu chovuta. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kuchotsa fyuluta ya particulate sikuloledwa. Malamulowa amanena kuti sikuloledwa kusintha mapangidwe a galimoto omwe atchulidwa mu mgwirizano. Ndipo izi zikuphatikiza kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa chosefera, chomwe chimatchulidwanso pa nameplate. Koma eni magalimoto othedwa nzeru amanyalanyaza lamulo chifukwa chandalama zawo. Zosefera zatsopano zimawononga kuchokera pa ochepa kufika pa PLN 10. Zotsatira za kutentha kwake ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Choncho, iwo amapita masauzande a zokambirana kuti kupereka utumiki kudula DPF fyuluta, podziwa kuti anapeza mfundo imeneyi ndi apolisi pamsewu, kapena ngakhale diagnostician pa nthawi anayendera luso, pafupifupi chozizwitsa. Tsoka ilo, si makina onse omwe ali abwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kuchotsa zosefera kumakhalanso kovuta.
Fyuluta ya particulate imatha kudulidwa ma zloty mazana angapo, koma kuchotsa kokha sikungathetse vutoli. Patsalabe nkhani yamagetsi. Ngati sichinasinthidwe, makina oyendetsa injini adzalemba kusowa kwake. Pambuyo pokonza, makinawo amatha kuyendetsa ndi mphamvu zonse ndipo osawonetsa zovuta zilizonse ndi chowunikira. Koma pakapita nthawi, adzakufunsani kuti muwotche fyuluta yomwe mulibe ndikuyika injini munjira yadzidzidzi. Padzakhalanso vuto la "kupopera" mafuta owonjezera mu masilindala ndi kusungunula mafuta a injini.
Chifukwa chake, posankha kudula zosefera, muyenera kulumikizana ndi msonkhano wodziwika bwino womwe ungakupatseni ukatswiri wathunthu pantchito yotere. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwonjezera pa kuchotsa fyuluta, imasinthanso bwino zamagetsi kuzochitika zatsopano. Mwina adzasinthitsa pulogalamu yoyendetsa injini moyenerera, kapena adzawonetsa emulator yoyenera mu unsembe, makamaka "kunyenga: zamagetsi pa bolodi." Makasitomala a garage nthawi zina amapusitsidwa ndi makaniko osadalirika omwe sangathe kapena safuna kusintha zamagetsi ngakhale amalipira ndalama. Pa ntchito yaukadaulo yochotsa zosefera ndikuyika choyimira choyenera, muyenera kulipira kuyambira PLN 1200 mpaka PLN 3000, kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto. M'zowona zathu, kusowa kwa fyuluta ndizovuta kuzindikira. Ngakhale kuyang'ana kwa thupi kwa kayendedwe ka utsi ndi wapolisi kapena diagnostician sikutanthauza kuti fyuluta yadulidwa. Miyezo ya utsi pakuwunika kwaukadaulo kwakanthawi pa malo opangira matenda sikudzalolanso kuzindikira kusakhalapo kwa fyuluta, chifukwa ngakhale injini yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosefera imagwirizana ndi zomwe zilipo. Zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti palibe apolisi kapena ofufuza omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zosefera za DPF.
Ndikoyenera kukumbukiranso kuti kuchotsa fyulutayo sikuloledwa, ngakhale mpaka pano popanda chilango. Ngati wina sakukhudzidwa ndi lamuloli, mwina malingaliro amakhalidwe abwino angatero. Kupatula apo, ma DPF amayikidwa chifukwa cha chilengedwe komanso mtundu wa mpweya womwe tonse timapuma. Titachotsa zosefera zotere, timakhala owopsa ngati omwe amawotcha mabotolo apulasitiki mu uvuni. Pakali pano posankha galimoto, muyenera kuganizira ngati mukufunadi turbodiesel komanso ngati ndi bwino kusankha mtundu wa mafuta. Ndipo ngati tigula galimoto ndi injini ya dizilo, tiyenera kupirira kukhalapo kwa dizilo particulate fyuluta ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuganizira malangizo amene amatsimikizira ntchito yake yopanda mavuto.
