Sefayi ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono, kamene kamakhudza kwambiri kuyera kwa mpweya

Kodi ma aerosol particles ndi chiyani? 

M'mizinda panthawi yomwe magalimoto ali pachimake, zowononga zambiri, kuphatikizapo zinthu zina, zimakhala mumlengalenga. Gwero lawo lalikulu ndi injini za dizilo. Tinthu ting'onoting'ono si kanthu koma mwaye, womwe ndi wakupha. Sizingawonekere ndi maso, koma mwamsanga zimalowa m'thupi la munthu, kuchokera komwe zimatha kulowa m'magazi. Kukumana kwambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa.

Sefa ya Dizilo ya Particulate ndi Exhaust Emissions

Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono mumlengalenga, miyezo yotulutsa mpweya yakhazikitsidwa, yomwe yachepetsa kwambiri tinthu tambiri tomwe timapanga mumlengalenga. Kuti akumane nawo, opanga ma automaker adayenera kuthana ndi kusefera kwa gasi. M'zaka za m'ma 90, a French anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zosefera. Pamene muyezo wa Euro 2005 unayambitsidwa mu 4, unakakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera pafupifupi magalimoto onse atsopano. Muyezo wa Euro 5, womwe unayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2009, sunaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoterezi.

Miyezo yaposachedwa ya Euro 6d-temp imatanthauza kuti fyuluta ya dizilo (DPF kapena GPF fyuluta) imayikidwa mokulira osati mu injini za dizilo, komanso mumainjini amafuta - makamaka omwe ali ndi jekeseni wamafuta mwachindunji.

Kodi fyuluta ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi chiyani?

Sefayi imatchedwanso FAP - kuchokera ku French expression filtre à particles kapena DPF, kuchokera ku Chingerezi - particulate filter. Pakadali pano, chidule cha GPF chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito, i.e. diesel particulate fyuluta.

Ichi ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kali m'gulu la utsi wa galimoto. Imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa chosinthira chothandizira ndipo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a chitini chokhala ndi fyuluta yokhayokha. Thupi limapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chapamwamba kwambiri. Lili ndi nyumba zosefera za ceramic zopangidwa ndi mayendedwe omata omwe amapangidwa molumikizana wina ndi mnzake. Makanemawa amapanga gululi wandiweyani ndipo amatsekedwa mbali imodzi, kusinthasintha kuchokera pazolowera kapena zotuluka.

Muzosefera za DPF, makoma a mayendedwe amapangidwa ndi silicon carbide, yomwe imakutidwanso ndi aluminiyamu ndi cerium oxide, ndipo tinthu tating'ono ta platinamu, chitsulo chamtengo wapatali, chimayikidwa pa iwo. Ndi iye amene amapanga kugula kwa particulate fyuluta mtengo kwambiri. Mtengo wa fyuluta umatsika platinamuyi ikasowa.

Kodi zosefera zimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mu injini za dizilo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa mochuluka kwambiri panthawi yoyambitsa injini komanso pamene injini ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kochepa, monga nthawi yozizira. Iwo ndi osakaniza mwaye, kusungunuka organics ndi unburned hydrocarbon. Chifukwa chakuti galimoto ali DPF particulate fyuluta, particles amenewa anagwidwa ndi kusungidwa ndi izo. Udindo wake wachiwiri ndikuwotcha mkati mwa fyuluta.

Mipweya yotulutsa mpweya yomwe imalowa mu fyuluta ya particulate iyenera kuboola makoma a ma ducts kuti alowe munjira zotulutsa mpweya. Pakuthamanga, tinthu ta mwaye timakhazikika pamakoma a fyuluta.

Kuti fyuluta ya dizilo igwire bwino ntchito, iyenera kukhala ndi gawo lowongolera injini lomwe liziwongolera. Zimachokera ku masensa a kutentha musanayambe komanso pambuyo pa fyuluta ndi zizindikiro za kafukufuku wa lambda wa burodibandi, zomwe zimadziwitsa za ubwino wa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wochokera ku gawo ili la galimoto. Nthawi yomweyo kuseri kwa fyuluta pali cholumikizira chokakamiza chomwe chimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kudzazidwa kwake ndi mwaye.

DPF fyuluta - zizindikiro za kutsekeka

Mutha kukayikira kuti fyuluta ya dizilo sikugwira ntchito bwino ndipo yatsekeka ngati muwona kutsika kwa mphamvu ya injini kapena gawo loyendetsa galimoto likulowa munjira yadzidzidzi. Mudzaona kuwala pa dashboard kusonyeza kuti diesel particulate fyuluta yodzaza mwaye. Zizindikiro zimathanso kukhala zosiyana kotheratu.

Ndikothekanso kuti fyuluta yotsekeka ya dizilo ipangitsa kuchuluka kosalamulirika kwa liwiro la injini komanso kugwira mwachangu. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, koma zimathanso kuchitika ngati palibe mikhalidwe yoyenera yowotcha tinthu ta mwaye mkati mwa fyuluta. Izi zimachitika pamene galimotoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito maulendo afupiafupi. Pamene kuyaka kwa particles olimba kumasokonekera, mafuta osatenthedwa amalowa mu mafuta, omwe amawonjezera kuchuluka kwake ndikutaya katundu wake woyambirira. Izi zimafulumizitsa kwambiri ntchito ya zigawo za injini. Ngati pali mafuta ochulukirapo, amalowa m'chipinda choyaka moto kudzera mu pneumothorax, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati sefa ya tinthu tatsekeka?

Ngati muwona kuti fyuluta ya particulate yatsekedwa, muli ndi njira ziwiri:

• kuyendera msonkhano wamakina kuti mubwezeretse gawoli. Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ntchitoyo sikhala yotsika mtengo - fyuluta ya tinthu imawononga mpaka ma zloty mazana angapo, ndipo kukwezedwa koteroko sikuthandiza kwa nthawi yayitali;
• sinthani fyuluta yosagwira ntchito ndi yatsopano. Tsoka ilo, mtengo wa chinthu ichi cha galimoto si wotsika ndipo umachokera ku 3 mpaka 10 zikwi. zloti.

Madalaivala ena, pofuna kusunga ndalama, amasankha kuchotsa fyuluta ya dizilo m'galimoto yawo, koma kumbukirani kuti izi ndi zotsutsana ndi lamulo. Ndi zosemphana ndi lamulo kuchotsa zosefera m'galimoto. Ngati ntchito yotereyi ikupezeka poyang'anira galimotoyo, mukhoza kutaya chiphaso chanu cholembera ndikulandira coupon. Kuonjezera apo, kuyendetsa galimoto popanda fyuluta kumathandizira kuwonjezereka kwa mwaye mu mpweya umene mumapuma. Chifukwa chake, mumawonetsa aliyense wozungulirani ku matenda opuma.