Kutumiza modzidzimutsa, i.e. kumasuka koyambitsa ndikuyendetsa chitonthozo m'modzi!

Kodi kufala kwadzidzidzi ndi chiyani?

M'magalimoto okhala ndi ma transmission pamanja, zochita zanu zimafunika kusintha zida poyendetsa - muyenera kukanikiza chowongolera pang'onopang'ono komwe mukufuna. Kumbali ina, makina oyendetsa galimoto, omwe amatchedwanso automatic, amasintha magiya poyendetsa. Woyendetsa sayenera kuchita izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuganizira zomwe zikuchitika pamsewu. Izi, nazonso, zimakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo ndi kuyendetsa galimoto.  

Mawu ochepa onena za mbiri ya gearbox 

The gearbox woyamba, osati basi, koma buku, analengedwa ndi French mlengi Rene Panhard mu 1891. Pa nthawi imeneyo anali 3-liwiro gearbox, amene anaikidwa pa 1,2-lita V-amapasa injini. Zinali ndi ma shaft 2 okhala ndi magiya okhala ndi mano owongoka amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kusintha kwa giya kulikonse pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chatsopano chagalimoto kunkachitika pogwiritsa ntchito magiya omwe amasuntha motsatira nsonga ya shaft ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi gudumu loyikidwa pa shaft yoyandikana nayo. Kuyendetsa, komweko, kumayendetsedwa ndi ma chain drive kumawilo akumbuyo. Dalaivala amayenera kusonyeza luso lalikulu losintha magiya, ndipo zonsezi chifukwa ma gearbox oyambirira analibe ma synchronizers.

Njira yopita ku ungwiro, kapena momwe kutumizirana kumapangidwira

Kutumiza koyamba kodziwikiratu kudapangidwa mu 1904 ku Boston, USA, mu msonkhano wa abale a Sturtevant. Okonzawo adayiyika ndi magiya awiri akutsogolo ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti igwire ntchito. Kusintha kuchokera kumunsi kupita ku giya yapamwamba kunali pafupifupi kodziwikiratu pamene kukwera kwa injini kumawonjezeka. Liwiroli litatsika, makina otumizira odziwikiratu amangogwera pagiya yotsika. Mapangidwe apachiyambi a kufala kwadzidzidzi kunakhala opanda ungwiro ndipo nthawi zambiri amalephera, makamaka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotsika kwambiri pamapangidwe ake.

Chothandizira chachikulu pa chitukuko cha automata m'magalimoto chinapangidwa ndi Henry Ford, yemwe anamanga galimoto ya Model T ndipo, mwa njira, adapanga bokosi la gearbox ndi magiya awiri opita kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kuwongolera kwake sikungatchulidwe kuti ndi automated kwathunthu, chifukwa. dalaivala ankayendetsa magiya ndi pedals, koma zinali zosavuta mwanjira imeneyo. Panthawiyo, ma transmissions odziwikiratu anali osavuta komanso kuphatikiza clutch ya hydraulic ndi zida za pulaneti.

Kutumiza kwa semi-automatic sequential transmission, komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadziko lapansi zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma hydraulically actuated planetary, zidapangidwa ndi General Motors ndi REO panthawi yankhondo. Momwemonso, mtundu wa Chrysler udapanga mapangidwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma hydraulic clutch komanso kutumiza pamanja. Mmodzi wa pedals anachotsedwa m'galimoto, koma giya lever anakhalabe. Ma gearbox a Selespeed kapena a Tiptronic amatengera mayankho a semi-automatic.

Hydra-matic, kufala koyamba kwa hydraulic automatic

Woyamba kupanga misa anali bokosi la hydraulic gearbox - hydra-matic.. Anali ndi magalimoto. Inali yosiyana chifukwa inali ndi magiya anayi ndi giya yakumbuyo. Mwamawonekedwe, inali ndi bokosi la giya la mapulaneti ndi cholumikizira chamadzimadzi, chifukwa chake sichinafunikire kuyidula. 

Mu May 1939, nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse itangotsala pang’ono kuyambika, General Motors anayambitsa makina a Oldsmobile otchedwa Hydra-matic transmission kumagalimoto kuyambira chaka cha chitsanzo cha 1940, chomwe chinakhala chosankha m’magalimoto onyamula anthu a Cadillac patatha chaka chimodzi. Zinapezeka kuti makasitomala anali ofunitsitsa kwambiri kugula magalimoto ndi transmissions basi, kotero GM anayamba kupereka zilolezo kufala hayidiroliki. Idagulidwa ndi mitundu monga Rolls Royce, Lincoln, Bentley ndi Nash. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya 1948, Hydra-matic idakhala njira yosankha pamitundu ya Pontiac. 

Mayankho ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma automatic 

Chevrolet ndi Buick sanagwiritse ntchito layisensi ya GM koma adapanga matupi awoawo. Buick adapanga Dynaflow ndi chosinthira ma torque m'malo mwa hydraulic clutch. Chevrolet, kumbali ina, adagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a Powerglide, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito chosinthira ma torque awiri ndi ma hydraulic planetary gear.

Pambuyo pokambirana koyamba ndi Studebaker za kuthekera kopereka chilolezo kwa DG yodziwikiratu, Ford idapanga chiphaso chake cha Ford-O-Matic chokhala ndi magiya atatu opita patsogolo ndi zida zosinthira, zomwe zidagwiritsa ntchito chosinthira ma torque ndi bokosi la pulaneti.

Kukula kwa ma transmissions odziwikiratu kudakwera kwambiri m'ma 1980 chifukwa cha Harry Webster wa Automotive Products, yemwe adabwera ndi lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito clutch yapawiri. Kutumiza kwapawiri kwa DSG kumachotsa chosinthira ma torque chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi amtundu wamba. Mayankho akupezeka pano pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta osamba osamba pawiri clutch transmissions. Mabaibulo ndi otchedwa. youma zowawa. Galimoto yoyamba yopanga yokhala ndi DSG transmission inali Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32 ya 2003.

Kodi kufala kwadzidzidzi kumagwira ntchito bwanji?

Masiku ano, zotengera zodziwikiratu, zotchedwa automatic transmissions, zimayikidwa pamagalimoto amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikusintha magiya okha. Dalaivala sayenera kuchita izi pamanja, kotero iye akhoza bwino kulamulira galimoto popanda kulamulira chiŵerengero cha zida malinga ndi liwiro la injini panopa kufika.

Magalimoto okhala ndi zodziwikiratu amakhala ndi ma pedals awiri okha - brake ndi accelerator. Clutch sikufunika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito yankho la hydrokinetic, lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi unit yokha.

Kodi kupewa malfunctions ndi kufunika zodziwikiratu kufala kukonza? 

Potsatira malamulo ochepa ogwiritsira ntchito makinawo, mudzapewa kuwonongeka kwanthawi zonse. Kuti mupewe kukonza zodziwikiratu kuti zisakhale zofunikira:

• musasinthe magiya mwachangu komanso mwadzidzidzi;
• Imitsani galimotoyo musanayike zida zosinthira, kenako sankhani R (Reverse). Gearbox idzachita mwachangu kwambiri ndipo mudzatha kukanikiza chopondapo cha gasi kuti galimotoyo ibwerere mmbuyo;
• Imitsani galimoto ngati musankha malo ena kuti mutengereko - P (Parking mode), yomwe imapangidwira kuyimitsa galimoto mutayima pamalo oimikapo magalimoto kapena malo a N (Neutral) mukuyendetsa.

Mukakankhira chowongolera mwamphamvu poyendetsa kapena mukunyamuka, mutha kuwononga ma transmission anu. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti kachilombo ka HIV kasachedwe.

Kusintha kwamafuta pakamagwiritsa ntchito zodziwikiratu

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira, onetsetsani kuti mwawona kuchuluka kwamafuta pafupipafupi. Kusintha kwamafuta pamayendedwe odziyimira pawokha kuyenera kuchitika mkati mwa nthawi yoperekedwa ndikuwonetseredwa ndi wopanga magalimoto. N’chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kwambiri? Chabwino, ngati musiya mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri kapena mulingo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri, ukhoza kupangitsa kuti zida zopatsirana zigwire ndikulephera. Kukonza zodziwikiratu ngati zili choncho, mwina, kukuwonongerani ndalama zambiri.

Kumbukirani kusankha mafuta oyenera otengera okha. 

Kodi mungapewe bwanji kuwonongeka kwa bokosi mukakoka makina?

Vuto lina likhoza kubwera chifukwa chokokera galimotoyo m’magiya olakwika. Muyenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale mu malo a N, i.e. ndale, kufala kwadzidzidzi kumagwirabe ntchito, koma makina ake opaka mafuta atsekedwa kale. Monga momwe mungaganizire, izi zimabweretsa kutenthedwa kwa zida za gearbox ndi kulephera kwawo. Musanakoke galimoto yokhala ndi makina odziwikiratu, werengani buku lake kuti mudziwe momwe mungachitire molondola. Kukoka mfuti ndi kotheka, koma kwa mtunda waufupi komanso pa liwiro la 50 km / h.